"Philip"
"Philip" is an artificial poltergeist, an egrigor or artificial intelligence, created as an experiment by a group of Canadian parapsychologists during the 1970s. It was that as a result of their experiment that the human will can produce spirits through expectation, imagination and visualization. The members of the experiment purposed to attempt to create, through intense and prolonged concentration, a collective thought-form. All eight participants were members of the Toronto Society for Psychical Research; and, none were psychical gifted.
The group consisted of Iris Owen, a former nurse and wife of the mathematician A. R. G. Owen; Margaret Sparrrows, former chairperson of MANSA in Canada, an organization of individuals with high IQs; Andy H., housewife; Lorne H., industrial designer and husband of Andy H.; Al P., heating engineer; Bernice M., accountant; Dorothy O' D., housewife and bookkeeper; and Sidney K., sociology student. Dr. A. R. G. Owen or Dr. Joel Whitton, psychologist, attended the group meetings.
The group first fabricated the fictitious identity, physical appearance, and personal history of their "Philip Aylesford" who was born in England in 1624 and followed an early military career. At the age of sixteen he was knighted. He had an illustrious role in the Civil War. He became a personal friend of Prince Charles (later Charles II) and worked for him as a secret agent. But Philip brought about his own undoing by having an affair with a Gypsy girl. When his wife found out she accused the girl of witchcraft, and the girl was burned at the stake. In despair Philip committed suicide in 1654 at the age of thirty.
The Owen group began conducting sittings in September 1972 during which they meditated, visualized, and discussed the details of Philip's life. Although no apparition ever appeared, occasionally some sitters felt a presence in the room; still others experienced vivid mental pictures of "Philip."
After going for months with no communication, the group attempted table-tilting through psychokinesis (PK). This activity, popularized during Spiritualism séances, involved people sitting around a table and placing their fingertips lightly on the surface. The table tilting practice was suggested by the British psychologist Kenneth J. Barcheldor who speculated that some of the group members might have skepticism concerning their venture. He felt the séance setting possibly would produce a communication with "Philip," which was the sitters' expectations.
Within weeks after changing to the séance setting the group established communication with "Philip." They engaged "Philip" in a table rapping session where he gave yes or no answers. "Philip" answered questions that were consistent with his fictitious history, but was unable to provide any information beyond that which the group had conceived. However, "Philip" did give other historically accurate information about real events and people. The Owen group theorized that this latter information came from their own collective unconsciousness.
One session was held in front of a live audience of fifty people and was videotaped to be shown on television. In other sessions sounds were heard in various parts of the room and lights blinked on and off. The levitation and movement of a table were recorded on film in 1974. "Philip" seemed to have a special rapport with Iris Owen. Some member thought they heard whispers in response to questions, but efforts to capture them on tape were inconclusive.
The group hoped their experiment would help in the study if the phenomena of poltergeists, hauntings, and Spiritualism. Their findings appear in the work Conjuring up Philip by Iris Owen and Margaret Sparrows (Harper & Row, 1976).
The results from the "Philip" experiment encouraged other groups in Toronto and Quebec to attempt similar ventures. The fictitious entities were "Lilith," a French Canadian spy during World War II; "Sebastian," a medieval alchemist; and "Axel," a man from the future. All personalities communicated through their own unique raps. A.G.H.
Date: 60 AD
Location: Scotland
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Summary: A ‘ship’ was seen speeding across the night sky.
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Date: 70 AD, May 21
Location: unknown
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Summary: "On the 21st of May a demonic phantom of incredible size...for before sunset there appeared in the air over the whole country chariots and armed troops coursing through the clouds and surrounding the cities."
Source: Josephus "Jewish War" Book CXI
Date: 80 A.D
Location: Caledon Wood, Scotland
Time:
Summary: “When the Roman emporer, Agricola was in Scotland, wonderous flames were seen in the skies over Caledon Wood, all one winter night. Everywhere the air burned, and on many nights, when the weather was serene, a ship was seen in the air moving fast.”
Source: Conrad Wolfhart, Lycothenes (Medieval reporter/writer)
Date: 98 A.D
Location: Rome
Time:
Summary: “At sunset, a burning shield passed over the sky at Rome. It came sparkling from the west and passed over to the east.”
Source: Conrad Wolfhart, Lycothenes (Medieval reporter/writer)
Date: 214 A.D
Location: Rome Italy
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Summary: At Hadria a fiery bridge was seen in the sky and next to him the figure of man wearing white clothing.
Source: Henry Durrant, 1970
Date: 216 A.D
Location: Cannes, France
Time:
Summary: Round objects and the shapes of ships with occupants were observed over the region.
Source: Pierre Vieroudy 1979
Date: 312
Location:
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Summary: Constantine and his army all beheld in the heavens a luminous cross.. He claimed to have been shown a cross on the Sun as a sign from Christ that he would triumph over Maxentius.
Source:
Date: 393 A.D
Location:
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Summary: Strange lights were seen in the sky in the days of the Emperor Theodosius. On a sudden, a bright globe appeared at midnight. It shown brilliantly near the day star (planet, Venus), about the circle of the zodiac. This globe shown little less brilliantly than the planet, and little by little, a great number of other glowing orbs drew near the first globe. The spectacle was like a swarm of bees flying round the bee-keeper, and the light of these orbs was as if they were dashing violently against each other. Soon, they blended together into one awful flame, and bodied forth to the eye as a horrible two-edged sword. The strange globe which was first seen now appeared like the pommel to a handle, and all the little orbs, fused with the first, shone as brilliantly as the first globe."
Source:
Date: 398 A.D
Location: Byzantine Empire
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Summary: “A thing like a burning globe, presenting a sword, shown brilliantly in the sky over the city. It seemed almost to touch the earth from the zenith. Sucha thing was never recorded to have been seen before by man.”
Source:
Date: 400 AD
Location: Egypt
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Summary: Panodorus, an Egyptian monk wrote: "From the creation of Adam, indeed down to Enoch and to the general Cosmic Year 1,282, the number of days was known in neither month nor year but the Egregori ('watchers' or 'angels') descended to Earth in the general Cosmicm Year 1,000, held converse with men and taught them that the orbits of the two luminaries being marked by the 12 signs of the Zodiac are composed of 360 parts."
Source:
Date: 457 AD
Location: France
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Summary: Conrad Wolffart, known as Lycosthenese, a professor at the University of Basel, Switzerland, from 1539, recorded that in 457 AD, over Brittany in northern France, 'a blazing thing like a globe was seen in the sky. Its size was immense, and on its beams hung a ball of fire like a dragon out of whose mouth proceeded two beams, one of which stretched beyond France, and the other reached toward Ireland, and ended in fire, like rays.'
Source:
Date: 460 A.D
Location: Katsuraki Mountain, Japan
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Summary: According to the ancient Japanese manuscript “Nihoni” the Emperor Oho-Hatsuse-Vaka-taka-no-Mikoto had gone hunting in the mountain with bow and arrows when unexpectedly a tall man in a strange cap and tight-fitting clothes descended from the sky. By his face and manner of behavior the Emperor thought that he had encountered “God” himself and decided to ask him who he was. The tall man answered, “I am the God of visible people. You give me your king’s name and I will give you mine’s”. The Emperor answered, “I am---Vaka-Taka-no-Mikoto”. And the tall man gave his name, “Your obedient servant God Hito-Koto-Musi” (which literally meant, “God of one word. Goodness that sprays evil with one word and the good by one word”). He left his “chariot” (spacecraft?) that was emitting light and joined the emperor in his hunting expedition.
Source: Space Visitors in Ancient Japan by Mikhail Rosenshpitz in: “Unbelievable World” # 8 August 2004
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Summary:
Source:
Date: 150 million years ago
Location:
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Summary: Ancient crashed UFO claimed to be from dinosaur age, 150 million years ago
Source:
Date: 13 000 000 BC,
Location: PERU
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Summary: The Ica stones of Peru show illustrations of advanced surgery (like heart and brain transplant, Caesarean section) and men riding dinosaurs: Dr. Javier Cabrera discovers about 40,000 stone tablets detailing advanced science in the Peruvian desert of Ocucaje. These were called the Ica Stones of Peru. The tablets detail such complex ideas as astronomy, surgery (heart and kidney transplants), C section, acupuncture, genetic disorders, and more. There were descriptions of vehicles which flew through spaces without consuming fuel, descriptions of the lines drawn at Nazca. They described the evacuation of large-headed small-statured race to a planet which would now be in the Pleaides star cluster. These were found in the Peruvian state of Ica. The city of Ica is only 100 miles from the city of Nazca.
Source:
Date: 1,000,000 B.C. to Present
Location:
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Summary: various non-human life forms visit Earth. ETs begin genetic, psychological, and spiritual "modifications" with resident races.
Source:
Date: 500,000 B.C.
Location:
Time: Extra planetary beings come to Earth to "uplift" resident races.
Summary:
Source:
Date: 445,000 B.C.
Location: Mt. Hermon
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Summary: The book of Enoch describes the Nephilim descended on Mt. Hermon.
Source:
Date: 432,000 B.C.
Location: Persian gulf area
Time: Anunnaki arrived in the Persian gulf area, colonizing the planet… merged their genes to produce us, Homo Sapiens.
Summary:
Source:
Date: 200,000 B.C.
Location:
Time:
Summary: Resident extra planetary beings rebel against universe authorities.
Source:
Date: 75,000 B.C
Location:
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Summary: according to Scientology Xenu was a galactic ruler, who ordered the Nuking of the Earth. Fused Green Glass indicative of a nuclear explosion has been found in the Egyptian desert; Euphrates Valley; Gobi Desert; Iraq; Libyan Desert; lop Nor Desert, China; Mojave desert; Pierrelatte, Gabon; Scotland and Turkey. Highly Radioactive Skeletons were found in Rishi, Mohenjudaro, Pakistan.
Source:
Date: 47,000 B.C.
Location: Hunan Province, China.
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Summary: Objects, resembling cylindrical spacecraft and occupants, carved on rocks in Hunan Province, China.
Source:
Date: 13,000 BC
Location: INDIA
Time:
Summary: Indian country of Rama existed. Remains of their large cities still exist in the deserts of India and Pakistan (Mohenjodaro). Indian texts from this period tell of anti-gravity space ships (called Vimanas, or Astras), and a war with the Atlanteans on the moon. Curiously, Soviet scientists have discovered what they call "age-old instruments used in navigating cosmic vehicles" in caves in Turkestan and the Gobi Desert. The "devices" are hemispherical objects of glass or porcelain, ending in a cone with a drop of mercury inside. Some ancient Indian texts describe a war with Atlantis (who flew Vailixi machines) using flying machines and atomic bombs about 10,000 to 12,000 years ago.
Source:
Date: 12,000 B.C.
Location: Northern Spain and Southern France
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Summary: Paintings in caves in Northern Spain and Southern France depict Disc-like Objects.
Source:
Date: 12,000 B.C.
Location: Gobi Desert and Turkestan
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Summary: Soviet Scientists discover "Age-old Instruments" with Mercury inside, in caves in the Gobi Desert and Turkestan. Dating back to 12 000BC.
Source:
Date: 12,000 BC
Location: CHINA
Time:
Summary: DROPAS: Small-bodied, yellow-faced Dropas aliens crash land on Tibet/China border. Remains discovered in 1938. Aligned graves contained skeletons of short, spindly people with large heads. A stone disk with tiny pictograms on it told the story of aliens crash landing in the mountains of Bayan Kara-Ula on the China Tibet border. They tried to make friends with the neighboring Ham tribe, but the Hams hunted them down and killed them. An English scientist later visited the area and learned their lore. Descendants of the Dropas still live in the area, and they don't look Mongolian or Chinese. The Dropas came from a star in the Sirius system. The small people of the Dropas were rediscovered in the same mountains in 1995. (strange and unbelievable story. To investigate The Dropa Stone Discs.)
Source:
Date: 12,000 B.C. to 9,000 B.C.
Location: Atlantis
Time:
Summary: Atlantis: An island nation located in the middle of the Atlantic ocean populated by a noble and powerful race. The island was a center for trade and commerce for Europe and Africa…
Source:
Date: 11,000 B.C.
Location: Antarctica
Time:
Summary: A Meteorite catalogued as ALH84001 from Mars crashed into Antarctica.
Source:
Date: 10,000 B.C.
Location: Lemuria
Time:
Summary: Lemuria: A civilization which existed prior to and during the time of Atlantis. Most of what is written is metaphoric - linking to the patterns of creation and sacred geometry. Physically, it is believed that Lemuria existed in the Southern Pacific, between North America and Asia/Australia. Lemuria is also sometimes referred to as Mu.
Source:
Date: 8000 BC:
Location: Australia
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Summary: Australian Aborigene mythology tells of foreign visitors, they are painting on caves. The Aborigine believed in "dawn beings" from the stars. Australian aboriginal cave drawings depict celestial beings, with antenna and x-ray style drawings. They were very advanced in "aerodynamics". The boomerang is identical to a modern day aircraft wing. Aborigine means "from the beginning".
Source:
Date: 6,000 B.C.
Location: Sumer
Time:
Summary: Sumer, amazing in its "sudden", mature, and highly advanced character, was set up under Anunnaki tutelage in Mesopotamia… Humans were taught technology, mathematics, astronomy, advanced crafts and the ways of advanced civilized society…
Source:
Date: 5,000 BC
Location: China's Hunan province
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Summary: 4 China: Rock carvings of round UFO-like objects have been found in China's Hunan province. The depictions date back to age of the Neanderthals.
Source:
Date: 4,000 B.C.
Location:
Time:
Summary: Creation of Adam and Eve.
Source:
Date: 4,000 BC
Location: Grand Canyon
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Summary: 4,000 Year Old UFO Found in Grand Canyon
Source:
Date: 4th millenium BCE
Location: Persian Gulf
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Summary: Sumerian legends tell of the god Oannes (Ea) rising from the Persian Gulf in something that seems much like a diving suit. Ea is often depicted as an amphibious being, half fish and half man. These same legends state unequivocally that Oannes came from under the sea. In that case, Ea's vessel may have been an early USO (unidentifed submarine object.) Ea is the culture-bearer for the Sumerian civilization, who is said to have brought them the arts of writing, agriculture, toolmaking, etc. Suprisingly enough, one of the first people to advance the theory that Ea may have been an 'ancient astronaut' was Carl Sagan, long before Von Daniken started searching for his chariots. There was a fabulous supernova right around this time, according to Michanowsky, and it appears to have coincided with Ea's visit. Zechariah Sitchin believes that Babylonian legends state 'unequivocally' that Ea came from the 12th planet of our solar system, which is yet to be discovered by our astronomers.

Source:
Date: 3rd millenium BCE
Location:
Time:
Summary: Bronze Age Discs, :

F.W. Holiday discusses the appearance of the disc symbol in early Bronze Age iconography in Britain. It often appears in conjunction with a depiction of the 'pestie' or dragon. Holiday notes the prevalence of the so-called "sun wheel" in pre-Celtic iconography, and the discoid appearance of many barrows and mounds. He points out that what many scholars have called a "sun wheel" is, in fact, often depicted as a winged disc - much like the purported layout of the Avebury stones. (He also points out that many cultures have a custom of setting wooden disks and hurling them through the air to repel evil, usually at night...) The wheel is often named for Taranis, the thunder-god, who rumbled and boomed as he moved through the sky. (Sound familiar? "skyquakes"?) It also often seems to have legs as well as wings. The Eye symbol, related to the one-eyed god Odin and the eye-god Horus, is also prevalent in the Bronze Age culture, and there are numerous reports of so-called "Eye" discs in UFOlogy. Other UFO designs, such as the conjoined discs, 'cloud cigars,' and the dome, appear replicated as curious Bronze Age artefacts from Britain.

In many cases, the Disc is depicted in battle against the serpent, which Holiday assumes means the disc represents the forces of the sky (which are good) battling against the forces under the earth (which are bad.) This design appears in numerous forms in mythology, with the dragon or 'pestie' coiled around the base of the world-tree, and the thunderer in the disc above the tree descending to battle it. Yet in pre-Christian and pre-Norse legends, and in China, the "Wyrm" is not seen as evil. While it is blamed for toothaches and other misfortunes in many cultures, in its earliest appearances in iconography it is a symbol of fertility and renewal. Holiday seems to think that lake monsters and the "dragon" in general are evil, malevolent forces. Yet they do not become thought of in these terms until the first sky-religions (and the sky-discs) arrive. The reason for this sea-change in mythology is discussed by Gimbutas, who thinks Old Chthonic Europe was overrun by sky-and-thunder-god-worshipping nomads from the north (the Kurgans.) This mystery is worth more examination...
Source:
Date: 3000 BC
Location: China
Time:
Summary: From the book " Memories of the Sovereigns and the Kings " published in the 3rd century AD, in China, in the third millennium B.C., before the birth of Huang Ti or of Chi You , "sons from the sky", would descend to Earth on a star which was the shape of a saucer.
Source:
Date: 3,000 B.C.
Location:
Time:
Summary: Sumerians interact with the Reptilian Annunaki.
Source:
Date: 2,700 B.C.
Location:
Time:
Summary: - Egyptian 365 Day Calendar.
Source:
Date: 2,345 B.C.
Location: China
Time:
Summary: - In the, Hsui-Nan-Tzu, a Chinese classic there is a description of 10 Suns appearing in the sky.
Source:
Date: 2357-2258 BC
Location: Japan (unknown location)
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Summary: According to Tau-se from an ancient manuscript called “Sey-to-ki”, during the time of Emperor Ton-Yo, in the year of “Mon-Sham” a “divine man” descended from the sky, using a “monster that was emitting light” (spacecraft??). The people called this man “the master”. He received the name Tan-kun (Sandalwood God) and his country was called Peson.
Source:Space Visitors in Ancient Japan by Mikhail Rosenshpitz in: “Unbelievable World” # 8 August 2004
Date: 2000 BC
Location: Peru
Time:
Summary: Peru’s pre-Incan civilization records the gods were from the star system Pleiades. Inca ruins have been found at 13,000 feet, with one stone weighing 20,000 tons. Legend tells of spaceships that came from the stars. Inca ornaments of "platinum" were found. Text reveals the Inca’s knew the earth was round.
Source:
Date: 2,000 B.C.
Location: Grand Canyon Flagstaff, Ariz
Time:
Summary: - A team of experts called in to examine strange debris at the bottom of the Grand Canyon discovered the wreckage of a UFO that crashed a mind boggling 4,000 years ago. The scientists, members of a highly secret joint military task force on UFOs, inspected the spherical craft and found it to be in good condition despite its rough landing and incredible age. The relic is made of an unknown metallic substance and emits low levels of radiation, according to leaks from highly placed sources. It was immediately removed from the site and is now in a secret location. My contacts tell me this craft is definitely of extraterrestrial origin and without a doubt carried a crew of 12 to 20 individuals, said Dr. Henry Leaumont, a California based astronomer who contacted this reporter after he was shown secret air Force documents relating to the find. Carbon dating shows it crash landed at the base of the canyon around 2,000 B.C. Cabin features suggest that the crew members were much like humans, although significantly smaller. They apparently breathed oxygen, guided their atom powered craft with a magnetic steering system and carried supplies of food and water on board. According to reports filed by the scientific team, the spacecraft was lodged in limestone rubble at the base of the canyon not far from an area called Comanche Point.
Source:
Date: 1766 BC
Location: China
Time:
Summary: The Emperor Cheng Tang commissions Ki-Kung-shi to construct a flying chariot. After construction the aircraft was tested, reaching the province of Honan. The vessel was destroyed by imperial edict, as he Emperor feared the mechanism might fall into the wrong hands.
Source: :
Date: 1504-1450 BC
Location: Egypt (unknown location)
Time:
Summary: excerpt from an Egyptian papyrus -- part of the annals of Thutmose III, who reigned around 1504-1450 B.C.:
"In the year 22 of the 3rd month of winter, sixth hour of the day... the scribes of the House of Life found it was a circle of fire that was coming in the sky... It had no head, the breath of its mouth had a foul odor. Its body one rod long and one rod wide. It had no voice. Their hearts became confused through it; then they laid themselves on their bellies... they went to the Pharaoh... to report it. His Majesty ordered...
[an examination of] all which is written in the papyrus rolls of the House of life. His majesty was meditating upon what happened. Now after some days had passed, these things became more numerous in the skies than ever. They shone more in the sky than the brightness of the sun, and extended to the limits of four supports of the heavens... Powerful was the position of the fire circles. The army of the Pharaoh looked on with him in their midst. It was after supper. Thereupon, these fire circles ascended higher in the sky towards the south... The Pharaoh caused incense to be brought to make peace on the hearth... and what happened was ordered by the Pharaoh to be written in the annals of the House of life... so that it be remembered for ever."
Source: [Brinsley Le Poer Trench, "The Flying Saucer Story", pp. 81-82.]
Date: 592 B.C
Location: near the Chebar River (or canal) in Chaldea (now Iraq)
Time:
Summary: The prophet Ezekiel's "vision", recorded in the bible, is thought by some to be a UFO sighting. His description is of a strange "vehicle" coming from the sky and landing near the Chebar River (or canal) in Chaldea (now Iraq) in the fifth year of the Judean captivity (592 B.C.) under Nebuchadnezzar II of Babylon:

Source: Bible
Date: 400 BC
Location: India
Time:
Summary: From the Mahabbarata. Blazing discs burned and destroyed an entire city and its inhabitants, before returning to the hand of Vishnu.
Source:
Date: 332 BC
Location: Phoenicia, Tyre
Time:
Summary: During the siege of the trade capital of Phoenicia by the Greeks a fleet of flying shields is described as plunged from the sky and crashed upon the city walls
Source:
Date: 329 BC
Location: Jaxartes River
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Summary: Alexander the Great, via his historians: told of 2 strange objects in the sky that dived repeatedly at his army as they were attempting a river crossing. (Jaxartes River). The action so panicked his elephants, horses, and men they had to abandon the river crossing until the following day. They were described as great silver shields, spitting fire around the rims.

Source: Bruno Mancusi, UFO Updates mailing list, Apr. 18, 2003
Date: 223 BC
Location: Rome
Time:
Summary: "At Ariminium a bright light like the day blazed out at night; in many portions of Italy three moons became visible in the night time."
Source:- Dio Cassius, Roman History, Book I
Date: 222 BC
Location: Rome
Time:
Summary: "Also three moons have appeared at once, for instance, in the consulship of Gnaeus Domitius and Gaius Fannius."
Source:- Pliny, Natural History, Book II, Ch. 32
Date: 218 BC
Location: Rome
Time:
Summary: Glowing lamps were seen in the sky at Praeneste, a shield was observed at Arpi and in the Amiterno district, the sky was all on fire, and men in white garments appear.
Source:
Date: 217 BC
Location:
Time:
Summary: "At Faleri the sky had seemed to be rent as it were with a great fissure and through the opening a bright light had shone."
Source: - Livy, History, Book XXII, Ch. 1
Date: 216 B.C
Location: 180 Roman miles, east of Rome, in Apulia
Time:
Summary: Things like ships were seen in the sky over Italy... At Arpi (180 Roman miles, east of Rome, in Apulia) a 'round shield' was seen in the sky... At Capua, the sky was all on fire, and one saw figures like ships...
Source:
Date: 214 BC
Location:
Time:
Summary: "At Hadria an altar was seen in the sky and about it the forms of men in white clothes."
Source: - Julius Obsequens, Prodigiorum Libellus, Ch. 66
Date: 170 B.C
Location: Lanupium
Time:
Summary: From Conrad Wolfhart, Lycothenes (Medieval reporter/writer) “At Lanupium, a remarkable spectacleof a fleet of ships was seen in the air.”
Source:
Date: 163 BC
Location: Formice
Time:
Summary: "In the consulship of Tiberius Gracchus and Manius Juventus at Capua the sun was seen by night. At Formice two suns were seen by day. The sky was afire. In Cephallenia a trumpet seemed to sound from the sky. There was a rain of earth. A windstorm demolished houses and laid crops flat in the field. By night an apparent sun shone at Pisaurum."
Source: - Obsequens, Prodigiorum, Ch 114
Date: 122 BC
Location: Gaul
Time:
Summary: "In Gaul three suns and three moons were seen."
Source: - Obsequens, Prodigiorum, Ch. 114
Date: 99 B.C
Location: Tarquinia
Time:
Summary: When C. Murius and L. Valerius were consuls, in Tarquinia, there fell in different places... a thing like a flaming torch, and it came suddenly from the sky. Towards sunset, a round object like a globe, or round or circular shield took its path in the sky, from west to east.
Source: Prodigia of Julius Obsequens, Rome
Date: 90 B.C
Location: Aernarie
Time:
Summary: “At Aernarie, while Livius Troso was promulgating thelaws at the beginning of the italiian war, at sunrise, there came a terrific noise in the sky, and a globe of fire appeared burning in the north. In the territory of Spoletum, a globe of fire, of golden color, fell to the earth gyrating. It then seemed to increase in size, rose from the earth and ascended into the sky, where it obscured the sun with its brilliance. It revolved toward the eastern quadrant of the sky.”
Source: Prodigia of Julius Obsequens, Rome
Date: 85 B.C
Location:
Time:
Summary: "In the consulship of Lucius Valerius and Caius Marius, a burning shield scattering sparks ran across the sky."
Source: Pliny, Natural History: Book II, ch 34
Date: 83 B.C
Location: Illyrian Apollonia Greece (Modern day Albania)
Time:
Summary: In this year the Roman General Syllas gathered his army to march against Greece. As his army passed the Illyrian Apollonia, a city near today’s city of Dirach in Albania they encountered a strange being.
“Near Apollonia and the surrounding area is Nympaio, a sacred place with a steep and narrow valley and rivers of fire. There the soldiers of Syllas caught a “satyr” as the status and paintings depict. The soldiers brought the strange creature in front of Syllas and he questioned the satyr but it could not speak, only moaned and cried like a goat or a horse”.
Source: :http://66.218.71.225 quoting Plutarch
Date: 81 BC
Location: Spoletium
Time:
Summary: "Near Spoletium a gold-colored fireball rolled down to the ground, increased in size; seemed to move off the ground toward the east and was big enough to blot out the sun."
Source: - Obsequens, Prodigiorum, Ch. 114
Date: 73 BC
Location: Asia Minor
Time:
Summary: Pontus: While Roman legions were engaged in battle near the Black Sea against King Mithridates a huge flaming object fell between the two armies. It was said to have a shape like a wine jar and was the color of molten lead.
Source:
Date: 66 BC
Location:
Time:
Summary: "In the consulship of Gnaeus Octavius and Gaius Suetonius a spark was seen to fall from a star and increase in size as it approached the earth. After becoming as large as the moon it diffused a sort of cloudy daylight and then returning to the sky changed into a torch. This is the only record of its occurrence. It was seen by the proconsul Silenus and his suite. "
Source: - Pliny, Natural History, Book II, Ch. 35
Date: 48 BC
Location:
Time:
Summary: "Thunderbolts had fallen upon Pompey's camp. A fire had appeared in the air over Caesar's camp and had fallen upon Pompey's ... In Syria two young men announced the result of the battle (in Thessaly) and vanished."
Source: - Dio Cassius, Roman History, Book IV
Date: 42 B.C
Location:
Time:
Summary: “Something like a sort of weapon, or missile, rose with a great noise from the earth and soard into the sky”
Source: Prodigia of Julius Obsequens, Rome
Date: 12 BC
Location: Rome
Time:
Summary: A comet-like object hovered days over Rome for several then melted into flashes resembling torches.
Source:
Date: 9 BC
Location: Japan, Kyushu
Time:
Summary: Nine moons were seen in the night sky over the community.
Source:
Date: 1502
Location: Tenochtitlan, Mexico
Time:
Summary: In this Aztec city, the goddess Cihuacoatl takes the form of a beautiful lady draped in white garments. Throughout the night she cries out in misery: “Oh hijos mios…ya ha llegado vuestra destruccion. Donde os llevare?” (Oh my children…your destruction has arrived. Where can I take you?) Many believe that Cihuacoatl was speaking of the future conquest of Mexico by the Spaniards.
Source: The Spirit of La Llorona, Timeline
Date: 1509
Location: MEXICO
Time:
Summary: One morning in 1509 the gatekeepers of Telzatlipoca informed the emperor Moctezuma in the middle of the night before, they observed a smoke thickened and white and was so enlightening, thought we would open day.
Source: Michel BOUGARD: "The chronicle of UFO" - Delarge 1977 p.77-78
Date: 1510
Location: Prostynia, Poland
Time:
Summary: Magorzata Baszkowska, a poor woman saw a wondrous female entity who introduced herself as St Ann and as proof she gave her four wreathes. Three of them were joined together and interpreted as the symbol of the Holy Trinity. The other wreath had the symbol of St Ann. A church was built at Prostynia as the woman ordered. The wreaths were then placed on a silver crown and are still used to bless pilgrims. Around the same time an extraordinary looking woman asked a local peasant from Zlotki for a lift to Prostynia. The peasant didn’t know the woman but agreed to take her. But immediately the oxen turned into the marshes and the peasant became frightened. However the woman assured him that they would be safe. Soon they stopped at Prostynia Hill and the woman said, “I am St Ann. I’ve have come here to worship the Holy Trinity.” The peasant stood on the hill praying the whole time.
Source: direct from
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Date: 1516
Location: Ozarks Region
Time:
Summary: In the 1530s and 40s, the Spaniard Cabeza de Vaca and his Conquistadores followed the Mississippi River and came in contact with various Native American tribes of varying dispositions. Upon befriending the Avavares further westward they were told a most unusual tale. According to the Indians, approximately sixteen years earlier the region had been visited by another “bearded” character of unusual aspect. This fellow was called by the Indians “Malacosa” or Mr. “Badthing” (according to the Spaniards) an accurate appellation given his proclivities. Even though bearded his facial features were “never seen clearly” or where otherwise indistinct or else clouded by a mist. This character “invaded” Indian homes by night, accompanied by a light and an electrical sensation that would make the hair of the inhabitants “stand on end.” Apparently paralyzed, the poor tribes-people would stand helpless as, armed with a “blazing brand” or wand the bearded creature would rush inside and perform intrusive surgeries upon its victims. This included abdominal intrusions and taking of intestinal samples, to incisions or perhaps partial amputation of arms and legs, which would then be surgically stitched or otherwise, repaired. The androgynous ambiguity of this creature was not lost on the Indians, for it happened that during this season of visitation, “Malacosa” would appear in the midst of their celebrations, dressed alternately as an Indian man or woman, which raises the question: Was he in a possible quest for genetic material based on seduction? The Indians offered him food but he never ate; they inquired as to his place of origin, and “Malacosa” pointed to a nearby “hole” on the ground and told them that his home was there, in the regions below. At first the Spaniards laughed at the account of the “barbarian bogey man” until the Indians brought forward numerous people who still bore the visible scars of the intrusive or amputation reattachment surgeries.
Source: Michael Mott, Entities, Electromagnetism and EMP’s
Date: 1517
Location: coatza coalco mexico
Time:
Summary: griajala of the conquistador Juan approached the coast of Yucatan some juan diaz first chaplain of a ship in his diary: on the evening of same day we were witnesses of a miracle extraordianaire well: a kind of star in apparaut above the masts of our ships after sunset. then she went away by running fires continuously and eventually stop over dun vilagge or large town and escaped a ray in air showed that for more than 3 hours
Source: Michel BOUGARD: "The chronicle of UFO" - Delarge 1977 p.78
Date: November 8 1517
Location: Western Moldavia
Time: night
Summary: A great blue sign shinning like a face of a man appeared in the western sky over Moldavia. It remained quite a long time, at the same place, after which it “hid itself” in the sky again.
Source: USSR UFO History, Vol. 1 # 2
Date: 1519
Location: China
Time:
Summary: "Emperor Wuzong Record": "Emperor Wuzong Masanori 14 (1519) Leisure in April, wonderful moment, the meteor South, like light, Qing Baise, the light on, from the southeast of the north line slowly west-aware, after the three little sing along. "
Source:
Date: 1520
Location: Erfurt, Prussia
Time:
Summary: Two burning suns were observed. The report says that a great burning beam then landed, took off again and then became circular in shape
Source:
Date: 1523
Location: Yugiu, Jiangsu, China
Time: daytime
Summary: A teacher named Lu Yu who lived in the village of Yugiu was out standing outside his home under a torrential rain when he noticed two “ships” which were sailing on top of the clouds above some ruins across from his home. On the two ships “which measured more than ten arms each” he could see several tall men wearing each one a hat and multicolored clothing. They were holding each a “pole” in each hand as the ships moved quickly overhead. The teacher Lu Yu then alerted “ten well read men” who came beside him to observe the phenomenon. The ships then descended over the teacher and the ten other men and the men onboard the ships wearing the multicolored clothing “then passed their hands over the mouths of the well-read scribes who could not speak anymore.” At this time another men appeared on one of the ships, escorted like a Mandarin and accompanied by a bonze. Some time later the ships flew away, through the clouds and were seen descending about a kilometer away near a cemetery. When the ships left the “ten well read scribes” were able to speak again. But five days later, Lu Yu died of unknown causes.
Source: Shi Bo “China and the Extraterrestrials” 1983
Date: August to October 1523
Location: Guiling (Guangxi), CHINA
Time:
Summary: The inhabitants of the city saw in the sky each night a star measuring more than ten arms. She was still hanging in the sky, surrounded by white vapor. It was rectangular, like a sword, and walked slowly from north to south.
Source: SHI BO: "China and the aliens' ed. Mercure de FRANCE, 1983, p.44
Date: 1527
Location: France
Time:
Summary: numerous witnesses throughout the country have seen an egg-shaped flying object.
Source:
Date: 1528
Location: Utrecht in Holland
Time: daytime
Summary: “ A cruel and strange sight was seen in the sky, which terrified the townspeople and made the enemy think he would get the city. It was the form of a Burgundian cross right over the city, high in the sky, yellow in color, and fearful to behold.”
Source:
Date: 1528
Location: China
Time:
Summary: "Copying OLD BOOK Dali Lost" in an article entitled "guest star, is" contains "seven years Jiajing (AD 1528), three days of summer in May, a guest star to steal northwest of South is, bright like a wheel, where up, down, stop and see the thousands of people. That night was a three-quarter back-to-point of the village green peach northwest Cangshan, after falling in the village, the village has a mason, and G, playing rock on foot the mountain, seeing the light of such warehouse. it is a material and crushed as big as a house for the colored light, there are two things, as people inhuman. G input capture, the light shines. Courage g of a panoramic, painless and bloodless. did, sound like people rather than through, bringing more. Illusion like a fairyland, environmental non-human moon and stars, fairies to color red and the cold, if frozen, no crops housing. were all as a non-human, has a cycle 3, men and women difficult to distinguish between young and old, to wear non-human, non-words by humans. only see, eyes confused, I do not know why. wake up when the rock is still playing games, going home short and art is more than a year later, his family thinks that wildlife eat. I know this personally. of view, have a red breast G brands online and abdomen, and asked no pain. and see after 50 years, Yu G, appearance, those who had not the former. illusion guest star, how the world says, Dali Chronicle books have set. I do not know how things out stars?
Source:
Date: 1528
Location: FRANCE
Time:
Summary: Ambroise Pare: "This comet estoit so horrible if e espouvantable and engendroit such terror in the vulgar, that he died no fear of the others fell ill. It apparoissoit be excessive in length and yet he was colored blood in the luminary of the same, we saw the figure of a bent arm, holding a large sword in hand, as if he had wanted to hit. after the peak, there were three stars. costes at both radii of the comet he saw many axes, Knives, swords stained with blood from which there were many hideous human fasces, with beards and hair hérissez.



Source: Michel BOUGARD: "the chronicle of UFO" - Delarge 1977 p. 79-80
Date: 1529
Location: Erfurt, Prussia
Time:
Summary: Two burning suns were seen at Erfurt, Prussia. Then a great 'burning beam’ landed suddenly. It took off again into the sky, where it became circular in shape.
Source:
Date: 1529 to 1555
Location: ROMANIA
Time:
Summary: In the museum of the town of Sibiu, Romania, extraordinary documents are available to those who want to see. IN 1555 WE HAVE BUILT A ROCKET SPACE THREE FLOORS SOLID FUEL-POWERED. THE AUTHOR OF THIS INVENTION OF A TECHNICAL PRODIGIEUSE RETURNS TO MASTER THE FIRE, Conrad Haas. Found in the manuscript of Sibiu chronology of inventions: 1529 two-stage rocket (in both ignition) 1529 1529 three-stage rocket battery of rockets flying house in 1536. Experiment of the principle of making the feud years multi-stage rocket. 1555 use of delta wings to stabilize the rocket in flight

Source: John FERGUSON: "Everything about flying saucers" ed.; Leméac, Ottawa, 1972, p. 26, 27
Date: 1530’s-1540’s
Location: Moscow, Russia
Time:
Summary: A stunning discovery was made by academician and anthropologist Dr. Rudolph Vanzhaev who at the end of the 20th century was reconstructing the facial features of the famous Russian Tsar Ivan the Fourth (or Ivan the Terrible). Dr. Vanzhaev discovered a diminutive metallic plate in Ivan’s skull while he studied it. The strange artifact a little more than one centimeter in diameter, remotely resembled a complicated electronic mechanism. The Doctor concluded that this object somehow increased the intellectual abilities of the Tsar but at the same time, caused his periodic uncontrolled fits of anger. The tiny metallic object with sharp teeth-like protrusions was discovered quite accidentally. Dr. Vanzhaev was studying the exhumed skeleton of Ivan the Terrible, attempted to find the physiological cause of his death (later it was established that the Tsar’s bones contained a huge quantity of mercury, or quicksilver). Moving his hand along the inner surface of Ivan’s skull, Vanzhaev felt a small protrusion. Trying to see it better, he took a large magnifying glass and saw something very small and metallic, halfway covered by bone tissue. The device was similar to an electronic chip used in computers or other electronic equipment. When the device was studied closing, using different kinds of techniques and equipment it appeared to be a miniature transmitter of electric impulses to the brain and the heart. Such impulses, emphasized Dr. Vanzhaev, sharply increased the brain’s ability to solve the difficult intellectual tasks but at the same time, created various collateral effects that influenced the man’s psyche. The layer of bone tissue that had grown around the metallic device was quite noticeable. This meant according to Vanzhaev, that when Ivan was “implanted” he had been quite young, possibly in his childhood. Ivan the Terrible was born in 1530, so the supposed alien abduction had apparently occurred during the 1530’s or 1540’s. He became the “Great Duke of all Russia” in 1533 and the Tsar in 1547, and died in 1584. The historic detail in favor of this assumption is that it was known that Ivan the Terrible had the habit of placing his hand on his head, even though he never complained to his doctors of feeling any pains in his head. Another Moscow based researcher Vladimir Alexeevich Smemshuk also mentioned in his books that Ivan the Terrible was under “alien control” and experienced several humanoid encounters at night when he was alone in his bedroom.
Source: Alexander Bogatikov in: “Inoplanetyanin” (Extraterrestrial newspaper) Ukraine, January 9 2005
Date: December 9 1531
Location: Near Tolpetlac, Mexico
Time: early morning
Summary: 57-year old Juan Diego, an Aztec Indian, who six years before, had converted to Christianity, was on his way to a town nine miles away in order to take part of the holy mass. The route he took led him through stony fields and over small hills. In the vicinity of a small hillock, which is known to the Indians as “Tepeyac” and later became the Spanish name “Guadalupe,” he became aware that he was hearing an unknown unearthly music. This music was coming from the top of the hill. He looked up to the hillock, to the side where the sun was rising and from where the wonderful singing originated. And when the singing suddenly stopped, when it was no longer perceivable, he heard how someone from the top of the hillock called, “Juan Dieguito!” And when he reached the top of the hill, he saw a noble lady standing there. She invited him to come nearer. Her garment shined like the sun, as if it was reflected by light, and the stone, the rock on which here feet stood, as if sparkled of beams; the glow of her gleamed like jewels, like the most beautiful ornament, the Earth, as if was shining in the glow of the rainbow. Juan Diego fell down to his knees. The apparition once more spoke to him and named herself as the “perfect holy Virgin Mary.” She claimed to have come so that the people would build her a sanctuary on the “Tepeyac.” She said that Juan Diego was the chosen messenger who should bring this request to the bishop of Mexico City. Bishop Juan de Zumarraga listened to Diego tell his story, but he did not believe his allegations. He sent Juan Diego away with the comment that he wanted to deal with the subject later. Disappointed, Juan Diego went back to the “Tepeyac”. When he arrived, he again met with the “queen of the heavens.” He bewailed his misfortune and asked her to choose another messenger, preferably someone who was better prepared for the mission. However, the Virgin stressed, “It is absolutely necessary that you go personally and that you request that my Will be carried out.” The bishop still did not believe Diego and sent him back and asked him to request some kind of evidence so the bishop could really believe that the “queen of the heavens” had really sent him. Once again Juan Diego returned to the “Tepeyac” where the mysterious woman was waiting for him. He informed her about the bishop’s request and the “Virgin” told him to return tomorrow in order to obtain such evidence. He was told to go to the top of the hill where he had seen the Virgin and there he would see different flowers and pick them, put them together and to then bring them to her presence. Even though it was during the winter and frost covered the grounds, these flowers had apparently grown on top of the barren hill. Juan Diego was ordered to put the flowers into his tilma, an upper garment similar to an apron. Then the light figure or virgin took the flowers with her venerable hands, then she put them back into his tilma and she told him that go back with the flowers since these were the evidence. He again waited several hours before he could see bishop Zumarraga. When he opened his white tilma the splendid flowers fell to the ground there the tilma transformed into an omen. Suddenly there appeared the beloved image of the Perfect Lady, of the Holy Virgin Mary. All in the room fell to their knees and admired it greatly. Convinced with the evidence a chapel was built on the hillock.
Source: Johannes Fiebag, PhD.
Date: 1537
Location: Thuringia Germany
Time:
Summary: People of Thuringia Germany Franconia between Pabenberp and the Thuringian Forest, see a star of magnitude amazing. It descends lower and lower and then becomes a large white circle from which escape whirlpools and fireballs. Falling on the earth, the fire balls melt the tips of spears and all that is iron, without causing harm to humans or to their homes.
Source:
Date: 1538
Location: Bruges Belgique
Time:
Summary: Dans la tapisserie dite "Triomphe du soleil" créée à Bruges Belgique en 1538 et actuellement exposée au musée national de Bavière on peut observer plusieurs objets dans le haut de la tapisserie dans le ciel qui ressemblent à des ovnis.

Source:
Date: 1540
Location: Chile, exact unknown
Time: noon
Summary: Just before the Mapuche Indians were preparing for an attack on the Spaniards, a comet fell among them, on Saturday at midday, and which was seen by many Christians at the Spanish fort as it traveled with greater brightness than other comets, and from which, once fallen, a beautiful woman came out, also dressed in white, who told the Indians. “I serve the Christians, don’t go against them because they are very brave, and will kill you all.” The Indians did not follow her advice and continued with their plan, only to face defeat at the hands of the Conquistadores shortly afterwards, just as it had been foretold.
Source: Chris Aubeck, Return To Magonia
Date: 1540
Location: florence italy
Time:
Summary: memoirs of Benvenuto Cellini: when we came to a certain point of the ascent it was already night we watched and we florence exclamames with one voice: god of the sky! what is that thing which is above the city? It was like a big bar fire that sparkled and diffused a splendor
Source: chronicles the UFO michel Bougard page 82
Date: Nov 26, 1540
Location: Region of Calippus
Time:
Summary: Starlike appearance on dark side Observers at Worms Hess 1911
Source:
Date: 1543
Location:
Time:
Summary: A large comet approached the Sun closer than any other, and the same thing will repeat itself in 1882 these two comets entered the Sun Belt that is given an absolute temperature of 1 million degrees, says George Hunt Williamson These comets traveled a million miles in the crown incandescent and emerged intact, with no change in velocity or direction. If the Sun radiates a heat so intense, how is it that they do not have disintegrated at the very moment they plunged into the inferno 1 million ° C [Other Languages, Other natures].
Source:
Date: 1544
Location: Nay (Béarn), FRANCE
Time:
Summary: A spear of fire appeared in the sky on the day of Pentecost. At 3 o'clock in the afternoon the lance fell into a place and a building with a frightful uproar. There was nothing left of the building.
Source: Christiane Piens: "The UFO past" - Marabout 1977, p 59.
Date: December 13, 1547
Location: Rome, ITALY
Time:
Summary: "The first day of the Ides of December at the third hour after noon, when the weather was beautiful and serene sky, a stick, and a red cross were observed in the air for nearly three hours. And above it is thought he saw an eagle grew, open wings ... "
Source: Michel BOUGARD: "The chronicle of UFO" - Delarge 1977 p.80
Date: June 28, 1548
Location: Oettingen (Bavaria), Germany
Time:
Summary:
A Oettingen you would have seen the solar disk to darken the air passage of several objects that were here and there in the sky, close enough to the ground to fly over the houses of red flames while parked in the air.
Source: Michel BOUGARD: "The chronicle of UFO" - Delarge 1977 p.80
Date: January 3, 1551
Location: lisbon
Time:
Summary: cylinders are observed in the red sky of Lisbon provoked the appearance of terror in the population and was followed by the passage of fire and a fearsome rain of blood
Source: Michel BOUGARD: "The chronicle of UFO" - Delarge 1977 p.80
Date: 1553
Location: Wittenberg, Prussia
Time:
Summary: Locals saw giant men in the sky over Wittenberg in formerly East Prussia.
Source: T. Peter Park, The Anomalist # 10
Date: March 10, 1553
Location: 6 and 8 PM
Time:
Summary: “There appeared between 6 and 8 PM, about the moon, a burning fire, emitting a great noise, what seemed to be the point of a lance, turning form side to side, from east to west, casting out flames on all sides.”
Source: T. Peter Park, The Anomalist # 10 Conrad Wolffhart (a professor of grammer and dielectrics who under the pen name of Lycosthenes wrote the compendium "Prodigiorium ac Ostentorum Chronicon", published in 1567).
Date: August 13 1554
Location: Guadalupe, Ecuador
Time:
Summary: During a terrible drought afflicting the region a group of Christian Indians decided to abandon the new religion and return to their old Gods. As they prepared a pagan rite suddenly they saw a “woman” that was floating over the earth’s surface. The apparition told the Indians that if they build a temple where she was she would put an end to the famine. They did what the strange woman ordered and the famine ended. Interpreted as a Marian vision.
Source:
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Date: 1554
Location: France
Time:
Summary: “There appeared, about the moon, a burning fire, emitting a great noise, what seemed to be the point of a lance, turning form side to side, from east to west, casting out flames on all sides.”
Source:
Date: 1554
Location: Nebra (Prussia) and Griessisie (Thuringia), GERMANY
Time:
Summary: Two red crosses appeared in the sky of Nebra and the same day the solar disc was obscured by a cross Griessisie, we also saw many discs.
Source: Christiane Piens: "The UFO past" - Marabout 1977 - p. 60
Date: March 10, 1554
Location:
Time:
Summary: between 18 and 20 h was observed above and salon de provence saint chamas (mouth of the Rhone) a kind of fiery launches this bright object seemed to swing from one side to another heading of east to west and by running the flames from all sides three months later an unknown object yellow went late after noon over some German cities

Source: Michel BOUGARD: "The chronicle of UFO" - Delarge 1977 p.82
Date: June 13, 1554
Location: Jena, Nebra, Saxony, GERMANY
Time:
Summary: A large number of spheres and discs flew over the city of Jena quickly. They are sudden changes in speed and took a red hue by moving towards the north.
Source: Michel BOUGARD: "The chronicle of UFO" - Delarge 1977 p.82
Date: June 13, 1554
Location: iena germany
Time:
Summary: In any case, 13 June 1554 a large number of spheres and discs flew over the city quickly iean in East Germany they had sudden changes in speed and took a red hue by moving towards the north
Source: Michel BOUGARD: "The chronicle of UFO" - Delarge 1977 p.82
Date: September 1556
Location: Babocsa, Hungary
Time: sunrise
Summary: Local people saw two naked boys in the sky after sunrise fighting with short swords and with shields on their arms.
Source: T Peter Park, The Anomalist # 10
Date: 1557
Location: Basel, Switzerland
Time:
Summary: for an army in the sky of
Source:
Date: December 5, 1557
Location: Tübingen (Baden-Wuerttemberg), GERMANY
Time:
Summary: "Many black clouds appeared around the sun, like those we see when big storms are rife. And shortly after other clouds of fire and blood emerged the Sun, and other yellow as saffron. from those clouds out lighting effects in the form of big hats, high and wide, and the earth itself appeared yellow and bloody and covered with top hats and wide who took different colors such as red, blue, green and black for the most ... "

Source: (Michel BOUGARD:" the chronicle of UFO "- Delarge 1977 p.85) (Jacques VALLEE:" Other sizes "- trans. Robert Laffont 1989 - p. 32-33, cites Peter Boaistuau and places this phenomenon in 1577, also cited in 1577 by "UFO files", ed. Marshall Cavendish, 1998 Paris, Special issue, p. 5; Christiane Piens in "UFOs from the Past - Marabout 1977 p. 60, it returns in 1557)
Date: July 12, 1558
Location: italy
Time:
Summary: Nothing new under the Sun ';'; An AP story. On July 12, has told the manuscript found in the street public library in La Spezia, Italy, in which the author (Antonio Cesena) reported on a sixteenth century version of a UFO. He wrote that in 1558 the peasents in two different sectors have seen, "and a strange disc changing from yellow to red, and shining with red fireballs under him."
Source: MUFON Journal in September 1967
Date: April 4 1561
Location: Nuremberg, Germany
Time: dawn
Summary: At dawn over the skies of Nuremberg many men and women saw a very alarming spectacle, where various objects were involved, including spheres, “approximately 3m in length, from time to time, and four in a square” and between the spheres one saw a number of crosses the color of blood. Then one saw large pipes, in which small and large pipes (cigars?) and 3 spheres could be seen. “All these elements started to battle one against each other.” The events lasted one hour and had such repercussions that the artist, Hans Glaser, drew a woodcut of it at the time. It portraits two immense black cylinders launching numerous blue and black spheres, blood red crosses and flying discs, they then appeared to fight a battle in the sky and it also appears that some of these spheres and objects crashed outside the city.

Source: Gazette of the Town of Nuremberg
Date: June 24, 1561
Location: China
Time:
Summary: Jiajing four years (1561) June 24 nightfall, Northwest meteorites, such as child day, the vast and bright color of yellow and white, purple in the hostage Red. A nod as big as the Big Dipper, nothing brilliance. Approaching, shadow and light are of new material. ...... Fell to the ground do not hear sound. ("Zhenhai County Zhixiang different ambitions")
Source:
Date: August 7, 1566
Location: Basel, Switzerland
Time:
Summary: A 16th century woodcutting depicts a scene in which dark spheres were witnessed hovering over the town of Basel, Switzerland in 1566. On August 7, 1566, at dawn, many citizens of Basel (Switzerland), frightened, saw during several hours the black spheres involved in a formidable aerial battle, invading the sky of their city: "at the time when the sun rose, one saw many large black balls which moved at high speed in the air towards the sun, then made half-turns, banging one against the others as if they were fighting a battle out a combat, a great number of them became red and igneous, thereafter they were consumed and died out," wrote Samuel Coccius, the student in "crowned writings and liberal arts" who consigned the strange events in the city's gazette.

6th century woodcut of spheres seen over Basel, Switzerland, August 7, 1566. (Wickiana Collection, Zurich Central Library)
Source:
Date: Christmas 1563
Location: Bergen (Norway)
Time:
Summary: Shortly before Christmas 1563, from 30 to 21 h 19 h: A Bergen (Norway)
Absalon Pedersson Beyer, protestant priest, and Christern Ulff and a goldsmith, they along with their wives, their wives and their servants, watching a cloud round, black, abnormal, past the moon and the covering. The black cloud let out a puff of black smoke and witnesses then heard a hissing sound. The cloud then went back and forth and finally disappeared. All this took place from 17 am until about 30 or 21 hours
Source: Armand / Holm-Hansen: UFOER OVER NORGE., 1971, 73, collated by. Ole Jonny Braenne continued: see same witness at Easter 1564 - Bergen
Date: Easter 1564
Location: 18 am
Time:
Summary: (cf: 1563, just before Christmas - Bergen) The witness again Pedersson Beyer Absalon, this time accompanied by his wife. They saw a "flaming sword" that seemed to touch the earth three times, before rising in the sky, where it is split into three parts. Observation to 18 hours
Source: Armand / Holm-Hansen: UFOER OVER NORGE., 1971, 73-4, collated by Ole Jonny Braenne Continued: 1568, January 2, Bergen
Date: 1564 book
Location:
Time:
Summary: Kay-Ka'us

Source:
Date: August 29 1566
Location: Kolomenskoye, south of Moscow, Russia
Time:
Summary: Local peasants in this village located south of Moscow encountered a tall hairy humanoid entity (so-called wood goblin) in this legendary place near the banks of the River Moskva. The frightened locals quickly fled in terror. Other reports indicated that these giant hairy entities have been seen in this area on several occasions and for centuries and reputedly are able to slip into our realm from another dimension. Rumors indicated that there was a gateway or portal into another dimension in the area where large dolmens where located at the bottom of the Golosovyi gully. Decades later on there were reports of mysterious disappearances of residents in the nearby villages of Dyakovo and Sadovniki between 1825 and 1917.
Source: Vadim A Chernobrov, “Encyclopedia of Mysterious Places in Russia” First World Guidebook of Anomalous Zones and Mysterious and Wonderful Places Moscow 2004
Date: July 17 and 18 and August 7 1566
Location: Basel - Switzerland
Time:
Summary: Above Basel, for 2 days in July and again on August 7 took place a battle between black spheres that arose at dawn. "Many became red and fiery, ending by being consumed and disappear," wrote Samuel Coccius, a student who wrote down the strange events of August 7, 1566 in the Gazette of the city.
Source:
Date: August 7, 1566
Location: Basel, Switzerland
Time:
Summary: On August 7, 1566, records numerous, white and black appear in the sky Basel, Switzerland by moving the whole population sees them. "Many large black globes globes were seen in the sky, moving across the sun at high speed and turning against each other as if they were fighting. Some of them became red and fiery, and then have off and are parrtis. "
Source:
Date: August 9, 1762
Location: Lausanne, Switzerland
Time:
Summary: Monsieur de Rostan, an amateur astronomer and member of the Medico-Physical Society of Basel, Switzerland. August 9, 1762, in Lausanne, Switzerland, observed by a telescope fusiform object crossing and eclipsing the sun. Monsieur de Rostan was able to observe this object almost daily for nearly a month. He also managed to trace its outline with a camera obscure and sent the image to the Royal Academy of Sciences in Paris. Unfortunately, his image - probably the first ever obtained of a UFO - no longer exists. A friend of Monsieur de Rostan, living in Basel next single, has also been observed fusiform against the sun, but it seemed to make more of an edge and was not as wide. Oddly enough, the UFO was not obvious to a third astronomer of Paris - nevertheless an indication that the object was not a sunspot, since it was visible only from certain angles.
Source: Harold T. Wilkins, "Flying Saucers on the Attack," p. 211-212
Date: August 7, 1566
Location: Basel, Switzerland
Time:
Summary: Many disks, whites and blacks, appear in the sky Basel and move the whole population sees them. (Henry DURRANT: "The black book of VS" - Laffont 1970, p. 61) The "Gazette of Basel", written by Samuel Coccius, "student of Scripture and liberal arts, in Basel, in the homeland, in August year 1566, "reports in the patois of the time, that on August 7 of that year, at sunrise," we saw in the air lots of big black balls that high speed and ran very fast towards the sun, which then turned around, clashing with each other as if they were conducting a combat many of them became red and fiery, and then they consumed him and went out. "As shown in the illustration of time, the observation took place in Basel, the image shows the place of the "Munster", the cathedral, with Antistitium.
Source: Saucers at Heidi, cfr GREPI, Switzerland, 1997
Date: August 1566
Location: China
Time:
Summary: "Annals Huguang" contains: "Ming Jiajing emperors 2045 (1566) in August, Huarong County West, suddenly the heavens opened on the Big Dipper"
Source:
Date: 1566
Location: Flanders, Belgium
Time:
Summary: The Italian historian Strada Fomianus recounts in his "De Bello Belgico duae Decades" in 1566 we saw in the sky of Flanders Almighty in combat.
Source: Michel BOUGARD: "The chronicle of UFO" - Delarge 1977 p.84
Date: 1567
Location: Basel, Switzerland
Time:
Summary: A black sphere appears and covered the entire surface of the sun. She remained still visible everywhere throughout the day.
Source: Christiane Piens: "The UFO past" - Marabout 1977 - p 62
Date: January 3, 1569
Location:
Time:
Summary: In Japan, in the evening, a flaming star appears in the sky. It was interpreted as an omen announcing major changes: the fall of the dynasty Chu
Source: Valley 1969
Date: November 1569
Location: Oslo, Norway
Time:
Summary: the priest Absalon Pederssøn Beyer reports that we see the "hot rice" (rice burning) in the sky
Source: Armand / Holm-Hansen: UFOER OVER NORGE., 1971, 74
Date: 1569
Location: China
Time: evening
Summary: In the evening, a flaming star appeared in the sky. It was regarded as an omen of serious changes announcing the fall of the Chu Dynasty
Source:
Date: April 11 (maybe 1570)
Location: Bergen, Norway
Time:
Summary: the priest Absalon Pederssøn Beyer sees a ball of light, not as big as the Sun, with a white tail turning red at its end
Source: Armand / Holm-Hansen: UFOER OVER NORGE., 1971, 74
Date: September 29, 1571
Location: Basel, Switzerland
Time:
Summary: The "Neue Zeitung" reports that a dark sphere remained visible during the day, covering the sky like five years ago.
Source: Michel BOUGARD: "The chronicle of UFO" - Delarge 1977
Date: October 17, 1571
Location: Rome, ITALY
Time:
Summary: Shortly after the naval victory of Lepanto, Pope Pius V had watched from his window, as a mechanism that remained motionless a few minutes before disappearing.
Source: Michel BOUGARD: "The chronicle of UFO" - Delarge 1977 p.85
Date: 1572
Location: China
Time:
Summary: Khanh six years (1572) summer, he Greatest fire such as round, under the southwestern village of Wang Jian Yang Xiangguan house, the house is correct.
Source: "Journal of the County Chairman"
Date: February 13, 1575
Location: Brabant, BELGIUM
Time:
Summary: Cornelius Gemma, professor at Louvain doctor lives at 9 o'clock at night two large arches appear from the north, and two arches and a huge light. Arches offered a variety of colors and both were supported on the west, about the equinox. The southernmost arc broke with Orion's belt and he went out of the breach a multitude of rays, spears and javelins. They formed by moving the image of a bloody battle. Red vapor spread in the sky and then became a bright purple. Meanwhile a white cloud with a dark spot ascended to heaven. The spears and javelins ascended to heaven and the fire became universal.
Source: Christiane Piens: "The UFO past" - Marabout 1977 - p. 62,
Date: September 28, 1575
Location: Brabant, BELGIUM
Time:
Summary: Cornelius Gemma, professor of medicine at the University of Louvain, in the night saw a powerful light from the sky and swept the floor of a burning beam. According to witness the lighting was such "that one could discern a nail at night on the floor"
Source: Michel BOUGARD: "The chronicle of UFO" - Delarge 1977
Date: 1575
Location: SOUTHERN EUROPE
Time:
Summary: Boaistuau Peter writes: "the face of heaven has so often been disfigured by bearded and hairy comets, torches, flames, columns, spears, shields, dragons, moons, suns and multiplied else similar ... "
Source: Yves Naud:" UFOs and ETs in history "Famot 1977, Volume 2 p. 119
Date: 1577
Location: Tubingen, Germany
Time:
Summary: "Objects came out of the clouds resembling large, tall and wide hats and they landed in great numbers and in a variety of colours."
Source: From Pierre Boaistuan
Date: December 21, 1578
Location: Geneva, SWITZERLAND
Time:
Summary: "Speech and espouvantables wonderful signs and wonders that are in heaven apparuz City Genefve on the 21st day of December 1578" is the title of a brochure published by G. Stadius, Duke of Savoy mathematician and astronomer known by that time. He describes the strange phenomena have occurred in the skies of Geneva. This is the description of a "comet surmounted by a small cross."
Source: The Saucers at Heidi, cfr GREPI, 1997
Date: February 7, 1580
Location: Chile
Time:
Summary: In Chile, this night, we saw a round thing out, color vermilion red, rising into the sky and the wind. This thing lasted about forming a hill as a Lance up there on the mountain and settled as a half-moon with glowing colors
Source: Logbook of Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa, Spanish navigator and founder of two ports of the Straits Magellan
Date: September 10, 1580
Location: Valence (Drome), FRANCE
Time:
Summary: Were observed "two great strengths in the air".
Source: Mr. FIGUET / RUCHON JL: "UFO: the first complete record ..." ed. Alain LEFEUVRE 1979, p. 34
Date: October 25 1582
Location: Siberia, Russia (exact location not given)
Time:
Summary: A local nomadic warrior Khan Kuchum observed a phenomenon he termed as a “znameniye”. He actually saw the sky open up in “the four corners of the Universe”, and exiting it were “bright, armed, winged warriors”. As they approached Kuchum’s camp, the “warriors” surrounded it, and ordered the Khan to flee. He was shaken, and ordered his camp to leave. They left in fear, and hid in the forest, and it seemed to the Khan he was chased by some “heavenly armies”
Source: Phillip Mantle, Paul Stonehill “UFO-USSR”
Date: 1586
Location: Tors (Charente Maritime), FRANCE
Time:
Summary: Agrippa D'Aubigne recounts: "a few days after taking Tors, lord of the Marquis took his guest into a garden, a little before sun set, and they saw descending upon the town of Beauvais-sous-Matha, a cloud round color horrible to look for the colors which we must use a Latin word subfusca (dark brown). This cloud seemed a hat that had among themselves an ear, a throat colors of India Cocq such that the audience thought the abscess in all things that he had torn in its plague aposthume he had been in Orleans. This hat with its fatal sign came in and blend with the bell ... "
Source: Michel BOUGARD: "The chronicle of UFO" - Delarge 1977 p.85-86
Date: Mar 5, 1587
Location:
Time:
Summary: Dark Side "A sterre is sene in the bodie of the moon vpon the (blank) of Marche, whereat many men merueiled, and not without cause, for it stode directly betwene the pointes of her hornes, the mone being chaunged, not passing 5 or 6 daies before."
Source: Anonymous Harrison 1876; Lowes 1927
Date: September 21, 1587
Location: Turnac (Sarlat, Dordogne), FRANCE
Time:
Summary: "It happened on the vespers in the parish of Carsac, land of Monfort, appeared in the air as on the plant to a place called Turnac, Coste of the South, taking in the West, a large army esquippée and in good order, so that the foot of horse, making a hundred yards in front and staying about two hours, as if to rattle préparans. and suddenly rushed to the skirmish, one among the other: some are discernoit of them the color of clothes, who were yellow, and signs of action. During the first bout was seen to spring from the Coste d'Orient, and from the Rock of Sarlat, a larger and better trained army of people dressed in white who were holding a stick in hand .. white
Source: Michel BOUGARD: "The chronicle of UFO" - Delarge 1977
Date: June 30, 1588
Location: La Rochelle France
Time:
Summary: the Middle Ages, people èoccu pr pa ient Dea ucou!, phenomena observed in the sky. We do not yet know at the time CEUE - "flying saucer" but the "cross-Iumineu its s," or flared enflarnmèes ~ 's rain of swords, many frightened. Thus an ancient writing q oc ra pporte June 30, 1588, in La Rochelle, "a large stone covered with blood, oval, on which was engraved a cross. fell in the hall to town hall and ca United States with awe!
Source:
Date: 1590
Location: Italy
Time:
Summary: monks are frightened by the passage of several discs in the sky.
Source:
Date: 1590
Location: Scotland
Time:
Summary: farmers have seen tell a tubular object motionless in the sky for a few minutes.
Source:
Date: 1590
Location: Lezajsk, Poland
Time:
Summary: Tomasz Michaek a man from Giedlarowa was working at a brewery in Lezajsk when he [as1]once saw two strange figures interpreted as St Joseph and the Virgin Mary, standing on a forest path. The woman spoke to him, “Michaku don’t be afraid. Here you will find my son’s glory and experience my help. I’ve chosen this place to save people. So go to the elders of your city and tell them that it’s my son will that a church should be built here in which people would pray for things they need.” But the witness didn’t tell anybody about it. He thought that no one was going to believe him, a simple man that he was. He asked Mary to choose another person instead of him. She then appeared in a vision again and ordered him to go to the city council and state her will. He spoke about it to Wojcieh Wyszogradow a local priest who was also a member of the city council. They didn’t agree to build a new church since the city was small and it already had a church. Michaek himself then built a pillar with the figure of Christ’s Martyrdom on it in the place he saw Mary. Soon people began to gather around it and soon a small chapel was build there. Soon father Jan Teolog announced the location to be hollowed ground or saintly. Michaek had another vision in which Mark asked him again to build a temple. A church was soon built at the location.
Source:
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Date: 1593
Location: London, England
Time:
Summary: A "flying dragon" surrounded by flames was seen over the city.
Source:
Date: 1594
Location: Freiburg, Germany
Time:
Summary: People saw the form of Jesus Christ sitting on a rainbow, “as if to announce the Last Judgment.” Again in 1594, a dead man on a bier, with many figures in black carrying trumpets, was seen in the sky over Saxony.
Source: T. Peter Park, The Anomalist # 10
Date: May 6, 1593
Location: London, England
Time:
Summary: In the suburbs of London several witnesses reported seeing a "flying dragon" surrounded by flames
Source: Michel BOUGARD: "The chronicle of UFO" - Delarge 1977 p.86
Date: 1594
Location: China
Time:
Summary: "Annals of Sichuan" in mind are: "Wanli Nianer year (1594) the first month in spring, see Qijiang subsolar complex one day a few days with swing Naizhi."
Source:
Date: 1598
Location: Trei-Gruinard, Scotland
Time:
Summary: Before the battle at Trei-Gruinard, a little man called Du-Sith (Black Elf) was hired, who was generally believed to be one of the Good Folk. He killed the opponent with an arrow considered an Elf-bolt.
Source: ASSAP, quoting Gardner
Date: 1500's
Location:
Time:
Summary: There were many incidents of aerial lights seen in this period, but most were interpreted as witches flying through the sky, with lanterns hanging on the ends of their brooms. People who claimed to spy on the "sabbats" of the witches often saw a Black Man (not a brown-skinned Negroid, but a perfectly velvet-black man) or "demons" consorting with the witches, often carnally. Many of the arguments about the witches' covens parallel the debate about UFO abductions today. Many persons argued that the witches never travelled anywhere physically, but that their "soul" was brought somewhere to intermingle with othe spiritual entities. Whether the witches' experiences were physical or not, like UFO abductees, they often discovered strange marks on their bodies afterwards (the "witches' teat," said to be midway between the vagina and anus), reported very odd sexual probings by the "incubi" (such as one with a split penis, whose semen was said to be "very cold"), and claimed that the "Devil" taught them magical arts and secret knowledge.
Many Renaissance engravings or woodcuts found from this period show discs, "cigars" with portholes giving off rays of light, and other aerial objects. These include the 1561 woodcut showing the "Nuremberg Sundogs" and the 1566 one of the "Basel Blackspheres." The "demon" outbreaks of this period may have been caused by an outbreak of ergotism on grain: people eating the ergot-infected rye may have experienced 'St. Anthony's Fire,' which involved vivid visual hallucinations and torment by demons. During the Renaissance, the Copernican cosmology was advanced by heliocentric Hermeticists like Giordano Bruno, who claimed (heretically) an infinity of worlds, and was burned at the stake for that belief. Others, like John Dee, who claimed to have contacted celestial intelligences which he called Enochian "angels," helped advance the progress of the Rosicrucian movement and the beginnings of science with the advent of the Royal Society.
Source: ASSAP, quoting Gardner
Location. Marion Indiana
Date: 1800
Time: unknown
A Methodist minister in the area had heard tales from his congregation that a certain tree in the woods along the river was the entrance to an underground lair of little people. The few remaining Native Americans who still lived in the area confirmed this story. The minister, in an attempt to prove that there was no validity to the local superstition, went to the tree with an ax and started to chop the huge tree down. After striking the tree a couple of times, a hole opened up at the base and a group of fifteen to twenty small men clambered out and began attacking the now frightened minister. The little men quickly overcame their much larger foe and cut his throat with a flint blade. The minister survived his terrifying ordeal, despite the jagged cut to his neck. However, he never again made fun of his congregation when they told stories of the little wild men of the woods.
Source: Unnatural Indiana
Location. Germany, Barsdorf
Date: 1800
Time:
A shooting star got larger and larger until it fell to earth between Barsdorf and Freiburg in Silesia. A whizzing noise was heard as it passed close to the ground before it landed and then lay burning. Next day a jelly-like mass was found on the snow.
Location. Yantic River area, Connecticut
Date: 1800
Time: unknown
A child name Martha Uncas was traveling with her parents in a canoe down the Yantic River when they spied several small man-like figures running along the shore, vaguely visible among the pine trees. Martha’s mother said: “Don’t look at the dwarfs. They will point their fingers at you and you cannot see them.” The local Indians called these mysterious little people the “Makiawisag”. These creatures apparently had the power to become invisible at will.
Source: Joseph A Citro, Passing Strange
Location. Colonsay Island, Inner Hebrides, Scotland
Date: 1800
Time: daytime (date is approximate)
A local woman named Rhona was sitting in her garden knitting when she heard a rustling of the leaves. Thinking of her sweetheart she pretended not to have heard. Then came a tiny laugh and a tinkling sound from her rose arbor. Looking up she spied six handsome little men dressed in green from head to toe, except, that is for a red feather in their caps. Rhona extended her hand to the group and each in turn alighted on her offered palm. Becoming totally delighted with them she favored the six with every courtesy. Suddenly and without warning one of the fairies touched his fingers to her eyes, plunging her into darkness. In this state of total blackness she experienced herself moving through what could only be time and space, But this was more than a three-dimensional flight. Rhona’s flight had taken her through a fourth dimension. After what seemed like only a few moments, Rhona felt her feet touch the ground. Opening her eyes she found herself in the most beautiful and wondrous place she had ever seen. Into her vision came lush trees, brilliantly colored song birds, flower gardens and castle of every description shining forth in gold and silver. Each castle in turn shimmered with diamonds, garnets, pearls and emeralds. Along the streets were magnificently clad little people promenading, resting, dancing and indulging in favorite pastimes. Now, Rhona who noted that she was clad in the same fine manner as everyone else had also become the same size as everyone else. She immediately thought that she could stay there forever but all at once Rhona was once again plunged into darkness, whisked through the air and dropped safely onto the floor of her rose arbor, where a group of people had gathered concerned over her absence. It is said that for the rest of her life, Rhona was guarded by the fairies that nourished her with fairy food. At one point local authorities imprisoned Rhona and refused to feed her, but this did not effect Rhona at all, for she was fed daily by the fairies during her enclosure.
Source: Virginia Martin August 12 2002
Comments: The parallels with some modern day alien abduction scenarios are obvious.
Location. Croydon England
Date: 1803
Time: various
A strange figure described as dressed in a black mask and cape, attacked over 50 people in the Hare and Hounds and Purley Way area. It escaped by leaping over 12-foot walls. No other information.
Source: Strange Croydon
Comments: Maybe one of the earliest depictions of “Springheeled Jack”
Location. Silesia, Barsdorf
Date: 1803
What was recorded, as a shooting star got larger and larger until it fell to earth between Barsdorf and Freiburg. A whizzing noise was heard as it passed close to the ground before it landed and then lay burning. Next day a jelly-like mass was found on the snow.
Location. Harayadori Japan
Date: February 22 1803
Time: unknown
Several villagers and anglers gathered on the beach to see an object, which had appeared on the shore. The object was about 20 feet in diameter, having a Saturn like shape with the upper dome apparently made out of glass, and appeared to have transparent sliding doors. The villagers looked inside the dome and saw some strange lettering and a bottle that appeared to have water inside. A very beautiful young woman was also seen inside the craft. She had pale features and had long shoulder length hair. She stepped out of the object and spoke in an unknown language; she also carried a small box, which she would not let anyone touch. Eventually she went back inside the craft and the villagers pushed it out to see where it drifted out of sight.
Source: Jenny Randles, Abduction
Location. Mays Landing, New Jersey
Date: 1804
Time: unknown
The famous American naval hero Stephen Decatur was said to have briefly skirmished with a bizarre creature known as the “Jersey Devil.” He was test firing a new cannon when the weird winged creature suddenly appeared overhead. Decatur reportedly fired a shot at the thing but missed, and it flew off.
Source: Phillip L Rife, America’s Nightmare Monsters
Location. Koyuk Alaska
Date: 1805
Time: unknown
Natives told of seeing a silver disc like object that sailed through the air and then landed. Apparently three human-looking “little men” emerged from the object and reportedly stayed in the village for a while.
Source: Mark Chorvinsky, Fate January 1990
Location. Providence, Rhode Island
Date: July 1806
Time: evening
The reverend Abraham Cummings was informed that two persons had seen what appeared to have been a specter in a field. Ten minutes later he went to check the field. At first as he looked toward an eminence 12 ft distance from the house he saw what appeared to be a white rock on the ground, he ignored it. Three minutes later, he accidentally looked again in the same direction and the supposed white rock was now in the air, its form a complete globe, with a tincture of red and its diameter about two feet. Curious, he walked towards it to obtain more accurate information. The globe then approached to within 11 ft of the witness, it did so at very high speed. It then instantly assumed the form of a female dress, but did not appear taller than a girl seven years old. While he looked upon her, he thought in his mind “you are not tall enough for the woman who has so frequently appeared among us!” Immediately she grew up as large and tall as what a normal woman would be. The female entity appeared glorious and on her head was the representation of the sun diffusing the luminous, rectilinear rays all around. Through the glow, the witness saw the form of a woman in a dress. Others apparently saw it in the area accompanied by a small luminous cloud.
Source: Chris Aubeck, Return to Magonia
Location. Chimney Rock, North Carolina
Date: July 31 1806
Time: unknown
Numerous witnesses among them a Mrs Reaves reported seeing thousands of human-like shiny white figures floating in the air over the mountain. They seemed to be wearing brilliant white clothing that hurt the eyes when looking at it. Some of the witnesses felt weak looking at the spectacle and others had a solemn and pleasing impression while looking at the beings. No other information.
Source: John Keel, Our Haunted Planet
Location.
Date:
Time:
1808 France, Piedmont: Formation of 'luminous discs' observed in the sky.
Location. Sandside, Caithness, Scotland
Date: January 12 1809
Time: morning
Two women standing on a beach in a remote area of northeastern Scotland saw what looked like the face of a young woman “round and plump and of a bright pink hue” in the sea. It then disappeared into the water, to reappear a short time later. When they were able to observe more of the top part of its body, they could see that it had well-formed human breasts. From time to time it lifted a long, thin white arm above the waves to toss back its long green hair.
Source: Jerome Clark, Unexplained!
Location. Outside Meklong, Thailand
Date: August 1810
Time: unknown
On a road outside the city Dr Jacob Hazlitt, a missionary, reported that he saw a man dressed in silver clothing. He described the skin of the humanoid as “gleaming” and that the entity had only one eye.
Source: Ahmad Jamaluddin
Location. Meklong Thailand
Date: September 1810
Time: night
Awoken by an unknown force one night, a local Siamese woman was surprised to hear that the surrounding area was devoid of the usual animal noises. Looking out the window, the woman beheld a strange humanoid in her backyard. She claimed that the humanoid had only one eye and was dressed in a suit, which seemed to be made out of metal. The episode ended with the woman claiming to have been abducted to a “palace of lights.”
Source: Ahmad Jamaluddin
Comments: Early abduction report conducted by Cyclopean humanoids.
Location. Chimney Rock Pass, North Carolina
Date: September 1811
Time: afternoon
Several Rutherford County mountaineers reported the “Specter Battle of Chimney Rock Pass.” The principal witnesses, an elderly farm couple living in the deepest part of the ravine, described a battle between “two opposing armies of horse-men, high up in the air all mounted on winged horses.” The “battle” lasted 10 minutes after the commander of one army cried “Charge!” the two armies dashing into each other, thrusting and hacking, the ring of their clashing swords audible, their blades glittering and flashing in the setting Sun’s rays. When one army was routed and left the field, the shouts of the victors and wails of the defeated were plainly heard. On subsequent evenings, the old couple and three “respectable men” visiting them again saw the “specter troopers”, but not in battle.
Source: T Peter Park, The Anomalist # 10
Location. Corphine, Kintyre, Scotland
Date: October 13 1811
Time: unknown
John McIsaac reported seeing sitting on top of a black rock on the seacoast a bizarre creature. “The upper half of it was white, and of the shape of a human body; the other half towards the tail, of a brindled or reddish gray color, apparently cover with scales; but the extremity of the tail itself was of a greenish red shining color.” The head was covered with long hair and at times it would put it back the hair on both sides of its head, it would also spread its tail like a fan and while so extended the tail continued in tremulous motion and when drawn again it remained motionless. It had very long brown hair and its face was human-like, with very hollow eyes.
Source: Jerome Clark, Unexplained!
Location. Kintyre, Scotland
Date: October 13 1811
Time: afternoon
That same afternoon, Katherine Loynachan stated that she was herding some cattle near the sea shore when she saw a creature sliding off one of the rocks and dropping into the water, surfacing six yards out. It had long black hair, white skin on its upper part, and dark brown skin on its lower, which was fish-like.
Source: Jerome Clark, Unexplained!
Location. Between Manosque & Villenueve d’Apert, France
Date: March 20 1812
Time: night
Several persons traveling by couch during the night of the earthquake saw what appeared to be a luminous balloon, which flew over them and seem to divide itself into 4 fiery pieces. At this point the stunned travelers saw around them four men carrying lanterns, locked hand to hand and dancing around the couch.
Source: Pierre Delval Contacts of the 4th type
Location. Havarah Park, England
Date: October 28 1812
Time: morning
Near Ripley, witnesses saw troops of phantom soldiers in the sky.
Source: T Peter Park, The Anomalist # 10
Location. Bucovina, Romania
Date: 1812
Time:
The war between the Russians, French and Germans, over the town of Bucovina. ”Towards noon a large star with many rays appeared and in the night she ascended higher and flew in the direction of the Russians; afterwards she returned and went to the west, where the beams where extinguished. Thus did the star reveal herself for four months.
Location. Near Leipzig, Germany
Date: 1813
Time: unknown
Tomasz Kossowski a nobleman and smith from Izabelin was wounded during the battle of Leipzig. He was lying in the bushes praying when he saw the “Immaculate” clad in amaranth and golden robes with the white eagle in the center of her chest. She assured him that he will recover and back to the homeland. She also ordered him to find the image of Mary and place it in Lichen. The soldier was then found by locals and when recovered was returned to his hometown Izabelin. After nearly 25 years of searching he found the holy image in Ligota near Czestochowa. In 1844 he place the image in the Forest of Grablin. He died in 1848. The basilica of Lichen is one the largest churches in Europe. Its one of the most important pilgrimage destinations for Polish Christian Catholics.
Source: direct from
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Location. Portgordon, Scotland
Date: April 20 1814
Time: 1600
Two fishermen were returning from fishing in Sprey Bay, when about a quarter of a mile from the shore, the sea being perfectly calm, they observed, at a small distance from their boat with its back turned towards them, and half its body above the water, a creature of a tawny color, appearing like a man sitting, with his body half bent. Surprised, they approached the creature, till they came within a few yards, when the noise by the boat occasioned the creature to turn about, which gave the men a better opportunity of observing him. They described his countenance as swarthy, his hair short and curled, of a color between a green and a gray, he had small eyes, a flat nose, his mouth was large, and his arms of extraordinary length. Above the waist, he was shaped like a man, but as the water was clear the men could perceive that form the waist downwards, his body tapered considerably or, as they expressed it, “like a large fish without scales.” The creature then dived and surfaced some distance away and was not alone. With him was what appeared to be a female of his species for she had breasts and hair that reached past her shoulders. The two men then rowed as fast as they could to land.
Source: The Historical Mermaid
Location. West coast of Scotland
Date: Summer 1814
Time: afternoon
A frightened boy reported seeing a creature half human and half fish, he got nothing but ridicule for his efforts. A month later a group of children saw what they thought was a drowning woman, whom closer examination revealed to be something else entirely. The upper part was exactly like a woman, the skin appeared very white, and a good deal of color in the cheeks, and very long darkish looking hair; the arms were well proportioned above, but tapered very much towards the hands, which were no longer than a child’s. The tail was like an immense large cuddy fish in color and shape. Other witnesses arrived, including a man with a rifle that was dissuaded by the others to shoot at it. The creature remained in sight for two hours, at times making a hissing noise like a goose.
Source: Jerome Clark, Unexplained!
Location. Ilkley Moor England
Date: 1815
Time: morning
William Butterfield a bath operator at the local White Wells natural springs was about to open the door to the spa and had inserted the keys in the lock when it spun around on its own accord. He looked inside and saw numerous little creatures dressed in green, no more than 18 inches high, making jabbering noises and dipping in the water, apparently taking a bath. Upon noticing the witness, the creatures began bounding over the walls, running madly, heads over heels. They were quickly lost from sight.
Source: Peter Hough & Moyshe Kalman, The Truth about UFO Abductions
Location. Gallardon, Beauce, France
Date: January 15 1816
Time: twilight
33-year old ploughman Joseph Martin was in the fields collecting horse manure when he heard a voice challenge him from behind; at first he turned around and did not see anything. Afraid he picked up his pitchfork and again heard the voice, this time more insistent. This time when he turned around he distinctly saw a strange figure, which he described as a small caped man, with a hat and a clear frock coat. The stranger ordered Martin (addressed him a “my friend”) to go to Tileries and ask an audience with King Louis XVIII and speak to him on the stranger’s behalf. As night fell, the stranger vanished. Martin goes home and tells his wife what had occurred, she makes fun of the situation and advises him to down to the cellar to fetch some cider. Once in the cellar the short caped stranger who tells him to trust him because he is “an Angel of God” again confronts Martin. The supposed angel formulated a secret message for him to present to the King. The next morning Martin tells the abbot of Laperruque about the encounter and this one recognizing Martin’s excellent reputation in town, passes the information over to higher authorities. On April 2 Martin is granted his audience with the King, which lasts for about an hour. The message has given to the king has remained secret to this day, but the next morning King Louis XVIII abdicated and along with the Duke of Angouleme went in exile to England never to return.
Source: Louis Pauwels, “Martin of Gallardon”
Location. Edinburgh
Date: 1816
Time:
Many people saw a large, luminous crescent-shaped object flying over the city.
Location. Adams, Robertson County, Tennessee
Date: 1817
Time: daytime
In the early 1800’s John Bell moved his family from North Carolina to the Red River bottomland in Robertson County, Tennessee, setting in a community that later became known as Adams. Bell purchased some land and a large log home for his family. The Bells quickly made many friends and gained prominence in the community. John Bell acquired additional land and cleared a number of fields over the next several years. One day in 1817, John Bell was inspecting his cornfield when he encountered a strange-looking animal sitting in the middle of a cornrow. Shocked by the appearance of this animal, which had the body of a dog and the head of a rabbit, Bell shot at it several times without any apparent effect. The animal then vanished. Bell thought nothing more about the incident---at least not until after dinner. That evening, the Bells began hearing “beating” sounds on the outside of their house. These mysterious sounds continued with increased force each night. Bell and his sons often hurried outside to catch the culprit but always returned empty handed. The noises were soon followed by more problems. The Bell children began waking up frightened and complaining of sounds much like rats gnawing at their bedposts. It wasn’t long until the children began complaining of more terrifying things---having their bed covers pulled and their pillows were tossed onto the floor by a seemingly invisible force.
Source: The Bell Witch Legend of Tennessee
Comments: This is of course the start of the infamous “Bell Witch” disturbances in this remote area of Tennessee. It is very intriguing that it all started with the encounter with some sort of “crypto” animal or entity.
Location. Atlantic Ocean
Date: May 1817
Time: 1400
Witnesses onboard the ship “Leonidas” sailing from New York to Havre France reported seeing around two in the afternoon at a distance of about half the ship’s length, they saw a strange fish. Its lower parts were like a fish; its belly was all white; the top of the back brown, and there was the appearance of short hair as far as the top of the head. From the breast upwards it had a near resemblance to a human being and looked upon the observers very earnestly. It apparently remained in sight all afternoon.
Source: Jerome Clark, Unexplained!
Location. Amhurst, Massachusetts
Date: 1819
Time:
A white silvery fireball light accompanied by a violent explosion was seen. Afterwards, a gelatinous substance was said to have been found.
Location. Embrun, France
Date: 1820
Time:
A formation of flying objects crossed the French town. Francois Arago wrote of this date in the ‘Annales de chimie et de physique’: "Numerous observers have seen, during an eclipse of the moon, strange objects moving in straight lines. They were equally spaced and remained in line when they made turns. Their movements made a military precision."
Location. Manchester, New York
Date: Spring 1820
Time: afternoon
Mormon spiritual leader Joseph Smith, 15-years of age at the time, said that he had gone out into the woods to meditate after a particular harrowing day. As he headed toward a hill near his home: “Immediately I was seized upon by some power which entirely overcame me, and had such an astonishing influence over me.” He could not speak as thick darkness gathered around him. Moments later a pillar of light descended gradually until it fell upon him. His next memory was of seeing two “personages” that were glowing brightly and stood above him in the air. They called him by name and introduced themselves as father and son.
Source: Chris Aubeck, Return to Magonia
Location. Manchester, New York
Date: September 21 1823
Time: night
According to Joseph Smith the most important visitation happened on this date.He discovered a light appearing in his room, which continued to increased until the room was lighter than at noonday, when immediately a personage appeared at his bedside, standing in air, for his feet did not touch the floor. The entity had no shoes but wore a loose white robe that shone so brightly that Smith declared that he did not “belied that any earthly thing could be made to appear so exceedingly white and brilliant.” The figure introduced himself as Moroni a messenger sent by God. Moroni had a message for the young man. Smith had been chosen to translate part of the scriptures then would let the world know the true story of the American continent.
All he had to do was to dig them up at a particular spot on the Hill of Cumorah, where they had lain buried for centuries, and translated them into English. Adding a few quotes from the Old Testament for good measure, mainly about ancient prophesies that were shortly going to be fulfilled. Moroni then left. This is how Joseph Smith described the moment that this happened: “I saw the light in my room gather immediately around the person of him who had been speaking to me, and it continued to do so until the room was again left dark, except just around him: when, instantly I saw, as it were, a conduit open right into heaven, and he ascended until he entirely disappeared.” A little while later, on the same night, the “angel” reappeared in Smith’s room.
According to the visitor, the future was grim, and “great desolations by famine, sword and pestilence” would be coming. Having related those things, he again ascended as he had done before. The mysterious Moroni appeared again that night.
Source: Virtually Strange.net
Location. Kolomenskoye, Moscow, Russia
Date: 1825
Time: evening
Two local peasants (possibly slightly inebriated) were returning to their village south of present day Moscow on the banks of the River Moskva when they decided to take a short cut through the bottom of a deep gully. Unexpectedly as both men walked between two huge stones they fell down some kind of corridor apparently into some parallel reality or world. There they saw large hairy humanoid entities that communicated with them and explained to them that they had indeed slipped into another dimensional space and that it would be difficult for them to return back to their plane, but they would attempt to assist the men in doing just that. After some time both peasants found themselves back in the gully and immediately ran to their village but to their surprise more than 20 years had gone by since they had initially disappeared. Luckily some of their relatives still remained in the village and remembered them. The men thought that they had only been gone no more than one day. The police intervened in the manner and interrogated the men, incredibly while being interview in front of the police and other local citizens one of the men suddenly disappeared without a trace. The second man fell into a deep depression after seeing his friend disappear and later committed suicide.
Source: “Inoplanetyanin” (Extraterrestrial) weekly newspaper, Ukraine # 19 May 24 2005, Vadim A Chernobrov, “Encyclopedia of Mysterious places in Russia” quoting Evgeniy Ivanov, Moscow 2004
Comments: Rumors circulated that the area was some kind of portal or gateway to some other dimension, somehow connected with the large stones or dolmens. There are other cases on record of local residents disappearing without a trace. UFOs have also been seen in the area including some videotaped by journalist Vladimir Revenko.
Location. Taganrog, Russia
Date: November 19 1825
Time: night
Feyodor, the old gardener of the estate belonging to the Russian Tsar (Emperor) Alexander the First (1777-1825) was returning home from the christening of his granddaughter. The night was cold and windy. The witness later was to allege on his deathbed that he was “completely sober” explaining that he couldn’t use alcohol since birth because of a distinct allergy to it. The closer Feyodor got to the garden the stormier it seemed to become. The wind was literally knocking him down when suddenly everything became quiet. The gardener was amazed by the sudden change in the weather and looked around. And then unexpectedly the whole garden was lit up by an unbelievably bright “diabolic” light. Feyodor raised his head to the sky and saw a huge bluish sphere or globe “as if made out of fire”. The garden became illuminated just like broad daylight as a result of the light. The old man’s knees became weak as he then lay down next to a bush to observe what occurred next. The scene he beheld was spectacular. The globe-shaped fiery object descended lower and lower straight down onto the garden. Near the ground three narrow shiny landing props jutted out of the object. And at the same time the verandah’s door was flung open, and Tsar Alexander the First and his wife Elizabeth appeared, both casually dressed for a night’s walk.
Amazingly, as appeared to the witness the incredibly sight did not seem to bother them or affect them in any way. The Emperor then turned to his wife and kissed her on her forehead; he then sharply turned and began walking along the garden path towards the fiery globe. The Empress remained standing in place and covered her face with her palms. The elderly witness then saw Alexander approach the fiery globe. The Emperor was then levitated into the air and seemed to melt into the fiery globe. The next second Feyodor lost consciousness and blacked out. Later he woke up feeling a strong icy wind all around him. In the morning of November 19 1825 at 0900A the death of the Emperor was publicly announced. The empress testified about the fact. The body in the closed coffin was never examined to establish the fact that it was really that of Alexander the first. Feyodor only confessed about the incident on his deathbed and died in complete belief that the Tsar was taken to God and the skies alive because “of his good deeds”.
Source: “Sekretnye Isslendovaniya” (Secret Research) Dnepropetrovsk Ukraine # 11 2005
Comments: Is this proof that “extraterrestrials” have had for hundreds of years direct influence into human affairs.
Additional information: Tsar Alexander I, the man of mystery became increasingly more involved in mysticism and increasingly more suspicious of those around him. On the way to a conference in Aachen Germany, an attempt had been made to kidnap him. Now he would trust no one. At home, his young daughter an only child, died and his wife became ill. In 1825 the “Tsar of all the Russians” died in the city of Taganrog. After an official announcement of the Tsar’s death, a British ambassador at the Russian court said he had seen Alexander boarding a ship. It was later rumored that a monk, Feodor Kuzmich, was really the former ruler. Whatever the truth when the Soviet Government opened Alexander’s grave many years later it was empty. (!) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_I_of_Russia
Location. Poland, Ohio
Date: 1825
Time:
A brilliant object was visible in the sky for more than an hour.
Location. English Channel
Date: 1826
Time:
Sailors in the Channel reported seeing a gray, torpedo-shaped object flying overhead.
Location. Tjerwerk, Friesland, The Netherlands
Date: 1827
Time: night
A man named Lieuwe Klaasens together with a local pastor saw a fireball descending from the sky and land nearby. The fireball took the shape of a human; it then strolled towards a small “terp” (an ancient Frisian burial ground). There, the fiery human rolled itself up to a ball and disappeared in the air.
Source: M D Teenstra, K. ter Laan, Folkloristisch Woordenboek Van Nederland
Location. North of Wingen Australia
Date: March 1828
Time: unknown
The Australasian Post reported that a large silvery cigar shaped object had landed at the Burning Mountain Nature Reserve setting fire to all the vegetation and killing nearby cattle. “The noise was dreadful and there was a serious of loud bangs.” Tall man-like strangers later appeared in the town. They never said a word but always pointed to the things they wanted. Around the same time several locals and domesticated animals disappeared.
Source: Strange Nation
Location. Joseph Smith and Moroni
Date: 1820s:
Time:
Joseph Smith, at the young age of 14 or 15 in his hometown of Manchester, New York, reported that a "cloud of darkness" descended over him, but then a "pillar of light" suddenly appeared and two luminous beings stepped out of it. One of these visitors was the angel Moroni, who returned several times, and eventually led Smith to a set of golden plates which he translated through a pair of spectacles he called "Urim and Thummim." These plates formed the basis of the Book of Mormon. The "angel" Moroni reported that there were many inhabited worlds in the cosmos, and that the God of the Bible was really a being which dealt near the star Kolob. Mormonism has a strange obsession with genealogy and some curious doctrines about the afterlife, and it also suggests that there may have been ancient advanced civilizations in the Americas which were destroyed in a cataclysm. Recently, some documents have come to light - many of which may have been forgeries - that suggest that, before he became a religious prophet, Smith may have been involved in "scrying" for gold (e.g. 'gold-digging'), alchemy, occultism, and Freemasonry.
Location. Benbecula, Outer Hebrides, Scotland
Date: 1830
Time: morning
A group of crofters in an island were cutting seaweed when one of them stumbled across an animal “in the form of a woman in miniature” on the shore. The men in the party tried and failed to capture her, but as she tried to swim to safety a boy hurled a stone that struck her in the back. Two days later, her dead body washed up two miles from where she had been seen, and a careful examination was made of it. “The upper part of the creature was about the size of a well-fed child of three or four years of age, with abnormally developed breasts.” The hair was long, dark, and glossy, while the skin was white, soft, and tender. The lower part of the body was like a salmon, but without scales. It was reportedly buried near the sea.
Source: Mike Dash, Borderlands
Location. Paris, France
Date: Summer 1830
Time: night
24-year old novice of the Sisters of Charity, Catherine Laboure, was awakened by a young child, about five years old, dressed in white who called to her: “Catherine, Catherine, wake up. Come to the chapel, the Blessed Virgin is waiting for you.” Catherine decided to follow the child down to the chapel. The candles were burning as if at a midnight Mass. About 30 minutes later, at midnight, she heard a noise that sounded like the rustle of a silk dress. When she looked up she saw a beautiful young woman surrounded by a blaze of white light sitting in the Father Director’s chair. The child who brought her to the chapel told her: “Here is the Blessed Virgin!” Catherine fell to her knees and placed her hands on Mary’s lap. During this discourse with the Blessed Mother, Catherine was warned of dire future occurrences. Mary told her: “The times are very evil. Sorrows will befall France; the throne will be overturned. The whole world will be plunged into every kind of misery.” Catherine was to have another encounter that same November.
Source: Our Lady of The Miraculous Medal
Location. Near Zarnow Germany
Date: 1831
Time: night
In was reported that a terrible wolf was loose in the woods and was causing great harm to humans and cattle. Once he even ripped a child to pieces. All the peasants in the region banded together and pursued him, finally surrounding him in some brush. They were about to kill it when suddenly a large man-like figure holding a club appeared before them. Thinking that the terrifying figure was a werewolf the peasants scattered.
Source: J. D. H. Temme
Location. Thuringia, Germany
Date: 1831
Time:
It was reported that a brilliant luminous disc was seen in the night sky.
Location. Canada
Date: 1833
Time:
A large, square, luminous object was seen for more than an hour over Niagara Falls.
Location. Off the Isle of Yell, Scotland
Date: July 1833
Time: unknown
Six fishermen reported that their fishing line had become entangled with a mermaid. They said they had kept her onboard their boat for three hours, and said that she was about three feet long. “She offered no resistance nor attempted to bite, but she moaned piteously.” A few stiff bristles were on top of the head, extending down to the shoulder, and these she could erect and depress at pleasure, something like a crest. She had neither gill nor fins and there were no scales on her body. The men, who were very superstitious threw her overboard eventually and said that she dived “in a perpendicular direction.”
Source: The Historical Mermaid
Location. Szeged, Hungary
Date: 1836
Time: night
Near the Romanian border, spherical lights and the appearance of what looks like a “lady in white” create uproar in a part of the town. No further information or details.
Source: Ion Hobana, & Julien Weverbergh, UFO’s Behind the Iron Curtain
Location. Cherbourg, France
Date: 1836
Time:
In this French coastal town what was a described as a 'gleaming aerial vessel' was seen in the sky overhead.
Location. London England
Date: February 20 1838
Time: 2030
Lucy Scales, 18 and her sister Margaret Scales were returning home, from their brother’s house in the Limehouse area. Reports indicate that Spring Heeled Jack jumped out in front of Lucy Scales and spat blue fire in her face. Written evidence indicates that Lucy was “blinded”---whether this blindness was temporary, permanent or simply a figure of speech is not known. After the attack, witnesses claim that Spring Heeled Jack jumped from the ground to the roof of a house and made his escape.
Source: Spring Heeled Jack, London England
Location. London England
Date: February 22 1838
Time: night
18-year old Jane Alsop was in her home on Bearhind Lane in the Bow district, when she heard rapping on the door. Answering the door, a black-cloaked man exclaimed, “I’m a police officer. For God’s sake, bring me a light, for we have caught Spring Heeled Jack in the lane.” Jane, who lived with her father and two sisters, went to fetch a light for the man. She returned with a candle and as she was handing the light to the man, it shone on his face and she noticed that it was Spring Heeled Jack. He immediately spat a blue and white “gas” into her face. She attempted to run back into the house but he held on tightly to the back of her hair. One of her sisters managed to pull her out of his grasps and drag her back into the house. Spring Heeled Jack continued banging on the door some time before hastily leaving. Jane described him as wearing a large helmet and a sort of tight-fitting costume that felt like oilskin. But the cape was just like the ones worn by the police officers. His hands were as cold as ice and like powerful claws. The most frightening thing about him was his eyes, which shone like balls of fire.
Source: Spring Heeled Jack London England
Location. London England
Date: February 23 1838
Time: night
The following day on Turner Street near Commercial Road a strange figure knocked on the resident’s door. When a servant boy answered the door, the figure asked to speak to the master of the house, Mr. Ashworth. The boy turned to call Mr. Ashworth when he noticed, out of the corner of his eye, that the visitor was none other than Spring Heeled Jack. With glowing orange eyes and clawed hands, Spring Heeled Jack waved his fist at the boy and leapt over the houses on Commercial Road. The lad noticed that under his cloak, an embroidered letter “W” on his shirt.
Source: Spring Heeled Jack, London England
Location. Stowmarket, England
Date: 1842
Time: night
A man claimed an encounter with “fairies” when walking through a meadow on his journey home. He encountered about a dozen of them, the biggest about 3 ft tall and small ones like dolls. They were moving around hand in hand in a ring, no noise came from them. They seemed light and shadowy, not like solid bodies. He ran home and got three other witnesses but when they got to the location the small entities were gone.
Source: The Elusive Little People, Part 1
Location. Orenburg, Soviet Union
Date: 1842
Time:
Small metal objects, perfectly hexagonal, fell out of the sky after a "strange cloud" appeared.
Location. Warwick, England
Date: 1843
Time:
A remarkable cloud passed over Warwick and Charles Cooper reported seeing three beings in the sky.
Location. Near Warwick Ontario Canada
Date: October 3 1843
Time: daytime
A man was laboring in a field under a slight rain when soon the sky became clear and the witness heard a distant rumbling coming from the west, he did not see anything so he kept working. The rumbling sound became louder and seemed to approach. The witness looked again and saw a strange cloud approaching and underneath the cloud, the saw three men, all three completely white in color. These men sailed through the air one following the other. The three men passed directly above the witness at treetop level. The men were motionless and seemed to emit “moaning” sounds. The moans sounded like loud “Woe’s.” The three figures eventually drifted out of sight.
Source: John Robert Colombo, UFOs over Canada
Location. Naples, Italy
Date: 1845
Time:
Astronomers at a Naples observatory recorded the appearance of several luminous discs, which left trails.
Location. USA
Date: 1846
Time:
A 'luminous flying disc' was reported over this eastern seaboard area.
Location. London, England
Date: 1847
Time:
A spherical craft was spotted rising vertically through the clouds.
Location. Near Balashov, Saratov region, Russia
Date: October 12-13 1847 until October 6 1848
Time: various
During the night local residents noticed four fiery columns of light in the clear northeastern sky. The columns or beams of light were in close proximity of each other, with blue and white shades. The phenomenon lasted for about 2hours. After that the area became dark again and the sky again appeared normal. Soon after this observation, bizarre looking strangers appeared in the Saratov region. These “men” looked aged, like elderly men, with strange yellow-greenish looking faces, and all the men were beardless. These strangers visited several villages but never begged for alms. When the locals attempted to communicate with the strangers these only mumbled in an unrecognizable language which the Russian villagers could not understand. So the strangers were then considered eccentric or crazy (if indeed extraterrestrials, a perfect disguise which did not attract too much attention). Neither village elders nor district policemen detained the strangers. But as was found out later the strangers aroused the suspicion of local representatives and authorities. The strangers seemed to move very quickly in between villages, and never stayed one night in any of the villages. But the authorities could never corner or pinpoint the whereabouts of the strangers. All of the strangers appeared to vanish soon after October 6 1848 when a report was sent to the Ministry of Internal affairs from the town of Balashov. This report stated that on the above date at around 2100 there was very bright lighting over the area corresponding with the rumble of thunder which lighted the sky. And then at 2200 a blood red colored spot appeared in the center of the sky which was visible for 5 minutes, the spot then took an elongated form, becoming pinkish in color and moving towards the northwest, in half an hour the sky appeared to clear and the red “spot” moved to the west and separated into several dozen cone-shaped columns stretching to the horizon and becoming dark red in color. After that the north was covered with whitish-red stripes which slowly drifted towards the west. The phenomenon vanished around 2300.
Source: “Sekretnye Isslendovaniya v Ukraine” (Secret investigations, Ukrainian variant) # 6 2003
Location. Quigley’s Point, Lough Foyle, Ireland
Date: September 9 1848
Time: early morning
The sky turned dark and seemed to open, with a reddish opening, with a regiment of soldiers appearing in the reddish area. These were followed by war vessels under full sail, then “a man and a woman and a swan and a peahen,” after which the “opening” closed.
Source: T. Peter Park, The Anomalist # 10
Location. Lacar Lake, Neuquen, Argentina
Date: 1850
Time: unknown
A mermaid like creature, apparently half amphibian, and half human was reportedly seen in the area. The mermaid was reported to be able to levitate over the water, and supposedly lived in an underwater city. No other information.
Source: Fabio Picasso, Strange Magazine # 10
.
Location. Lichen, Poland
Date: May 1850
Time: daytime
Devout Catholic Mikoaj Sikatka a local shepherd was working on a pasture when he saw a beautiful woman. She blessed God and said, “Mikoaj, tell the people that the punishment for their sins is approaching. The plague will appear in this area…encourage them to do penance and prayer. If they are righteous there will be no punishment. Especially they should pray to the rosary and consider the life of Jesus Christ and his martyrdom.” Mikoaj was also told that a great war was approaching. She also asked him to fix up the nearby chapel since there will be many visitors soon. But the modest and shy shepherd didn’t tell anybody about the encounter. After a few weeks and while praying in the field he saw the woman again.
The extraordinary looking woman prayed for humanity’s sins, and called for penance and to pray with the rosary. She then spoke about Polish history and foretold the rebirth of Poland. She reprimanded him for his passivity in revealing her predictions. However he became more confused since he didn’t know how. He shared his views with the woman (Mary?) during a prayer in the woods in August 15. The woods shone with brilliance and he saw Mary for the third time. He had a white eagle on her chest. She repeated the warnings and added, “I will never leave the people and will save them just like this white eagle.” She told him that her image should be removed from the forest chapel and placed in a more accessible location, since soon pilgrims will be arriving from different locations in Poland. “A magnificent temple devoted to me will be built there soon”. And she said to Mikoaj, “Preach about what you have seen and heard” and as proof she made the old shepherd younger (!).
Source:
This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
quoting “Nasza Arka” (Our Arc) Catholic Family Magazine
Comments: The cholera plague took place in 1852 as Mary foretold. Poland lost its independence in 1795 and regained it in 1918. [as3]
Location. Hawick, Northumberland, England
Date: July 1851
Time: morning
A local and highly respectable and intelligent farmer reported a most remarkable phenomenon. Walking over a hill on his farm early one morning, his attention was arrested by a light cloud of pale mist of remarkable form, being perfectly circular, slowly uprising from the neighboring valley. The sun was shining brightly around him from the other side and as the cloud gradually floated up still retaining its form, which was very like that of the halo often observed around the moon, he found it present an inner circle much smaller but well defined, and containing, as in a frame a human figure of most colossal proportions. Instead of standing aghast in the mute amaze of motionless horror, as many would have done, he saluted the specter with a bow, which was returned by the airy phantom with the utmost promptitude and civility. He then walked away for a little and on returning found the shadow still visible, which continued to bow and otherwise imitate every motion he made, thus proving it to be a reflection of his own form in the cloud (?).
Source: Th. Paijmans in Magonia data-exchange Quoting News of the World July 13 1851
Location. Washington Island, Wisconsin
Date: circa 1853
Time: evening
An eight-year old girl named Anna was out in the fields collecting wild berries when she was reportedly accosted by several tiny human-like figures wearing shiny clothing and small funny pointy hats and shoes. They told her they were very hungry and asked for some of the berries. They talked to the girl and allowed her to dance with them they also taught her a new son, that resembled “a haunting melody.”
Source: W. Files
Location. Waldoboro, Maine
Date: 1855
Time: unknown
A local man wrote a letter to a local publication describing how he chased and captured a “miniature human being” near this town. It was 18 inches in height, with limbs in perfect proportion. With the exception of his face, hands and feet, he was covered with hair of a jet-black hue. The man concluded his letter by inviting any interested parties to come by to view the “strange specimen” for themselves. Its not known what became of the little men.
Source: Phillip L Rife, America’s Nightmare Monsters
Location. Central Russia, European Part (Exact location unknown)
Date: circa 1855
Time: unknown
The famous Russian writer Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev (1818-1883) was once swimming in a quite forest lake in a remote area of Central Russia when he felt someone’s hand touching his shoulder. He turned around and saw a “horrible” female humanoid creature, similar to a monkey, with a huge grimacing face, covered in long red hair. Turgenev was seized by panic and horror and rushed to the shore, but the “monster” chased him. Luckily there was another witness near the shore, a young boy, a shepherd who came running, reacting to Turgenev’s screams. Using a lash or whip the boy kept the monster away from Turgenev until he reached safety.
Source: Alexander Bogatikov “Water Man” in: Interesnaya Gazeta” Kiev # 101 D+ bock, June 2005
Location. Off the coast of Britain
Date: June 4 1857
Time: unknown
A Scottish seaman reported spotting a creature, “in the shape of a woman with full breast, dark complexion, and comely face.” No other information.
Source: The Historical Mermaid
Location. Near Neston England
Date: July 1857
Time: evening
On the outskirts of town a young shepherd named Robert Clancy was tending his flock---and his sweetheart---when he noticed a round gleaming vessel sanding on three legs at the side of a field. A golden haired woman in unusual green clothes stood by the unearthly craft watching Clancy and his girlfriend for a while, then waved and climbed into the vehicle, which afterwards took off into the sky and headed northwards. For months afterwards, no sheep would graze on the spot where the craft had stood.
Source: Tom Slemen, quoting Charles Fort
Location. Ft. Bridger, Utah
Date: 1858
Time: unknown
During the founding of Ft Bridger by the colonists they reportedly found a “tribe” of small, smelly people, who were called the Northern Paiutes. They only ate corn, which they got from the local Indians and lived, in “holes” in the ground. They left shortly before the main force of “white people” made it to the area.
Source: UFO Updates, Toronto
Location. Lourdes, France
Date: February 11 1858
Time: mid-day
14-year old Bernadette Soubirous was scavenging for animal bones along the banks of a stream just outside the town. Her two young companions decided to cross to the opposite side and Bernadette paused in front of a small grotto in the cliff face to remove her shoes and stockings. She soon noticed a white object in the shape of a woman or girl inside the cave. This vision seems to have sent her into a state of ecstasy, since she proceeded to paddle across the stream without being bothered by the freezing waters. She described the woman as being dressed in white, a white dress and a blue sash and a yellow rose on each foot the color of the chair of her rosary. At first she thought she was seeing things and found her rosary. She attempted to make the sign of the cross but could not get her hand up to her forehead. The vision made the sign of the cross, and then Bernadette’s hand shook. After reading her rosary, the vision suddenly disappeared. Interpreted as a Virgin Mary encounter.
Source: Mike Dash, Borderlands
Location. Lourdes, France
Date: April 10 1858
Time: afternoon
Some women from Lourdes claimed to see the Blessed Virgin while praying at the grotto, and they were the first of many. They climbed up to the back of the grotto and along a small shaft to a hidden cavern. One of these, Claire-Marie Cazenave, aged 22, claimed to have seen something in the shape of a woman, carrying a child, and dressed in white. Two older women alleged that they too saw “something” but they variously described it as a ten-year old or a four-year old girl. Their only source of lighting was candles.
Source: Theotokos.org
Location. Lourdes, France
April 14 1858
Time: afternoon
Another woman also claimed to have seen “something” in the cavern. A few days later a young girl had to be brought down from the cavern in some distress, claiming to have seen, “the immaculate Conception, carrying a child in her arms, and standing beside her a man with a long beard.” This led to a great deal of confusion.
Source: Theotokos.org
Location. Jay Ohio
Date: 1858
Time: daytime
Mr. Henry Wallace and other residents of this town reported seeing a shadow that was thrown over the place where they were; this necessarily attracted their attentions to the heavens, where they one and all beheld a large and curiously constructed vessel, not over one hundred yards from the earth. They could plainly discern a large number of people onboard of her, whose average height appeared to be about twelve feet. Wheels and other mechanical appendages all of which worked with a precision and a degree of beauty never yet attained by any mechanical skill upon this planet evidently worked the vessel.
Source: Chris Aubeck, Return To Magonia
Location. Mohan, India
Date: February 25 1858
Time: unknown
What was termed as “phantom soldiers” wearing traditional Hindu costumes were seen in the sky above this city by British witnesses.
Source: T Peter Park, The Anomalist # 10
Location. Robinsonville, Wisconsin
Date: October 9 1859
Time: afternoon
Adele Brise was on her way to the grist mill with a sack of wheat on her head and as she came near the place, she saw a lady in white standing between two trees, one a maple, the other a hemlock. Adele was frightened and stood still. The vision slowly disappeared, leaving a white cloud after it. Adele continued on her errand and returned home without seeing anything more. On the following Sunday, she had to pass on her way to Mass at Bay Settlement this time she was not alone, but was accompanied by her sister Isabel and a neighbor Mrs. Vander Niessen. When they came near the trees, the same lady in white was at the place where Adele had seen her before. Adele was again frightened, and said, almost in a tone of reproach, “Oh, there is that lady again.” The other two did not see anything, but they could tell by Adele’s look that she was afraid. Adele then saw the lady disappear as the first time, and all she could see was a little mist or white cloud. After Mass, her two companions and a man who was clearing land for the Holy Cross Fathers at Bay Settlement accompanied Adele. As they approached the “hallowed” spot Adele could see the beautiful lady, clothed in dazzling white, with a yellow sash around her waist. Her dress fell to her knees in graceful folds. She had a crown of stars around her head, and her long, golden wavy hair fell loosely around her shoulders. Overcome by this heavenly light and the beauty of her amiable visitor, Adele fell to her knees. At this point the mysterious lady told Adele: “I am the Queen of Heaven, who prays for the conversion of sinners, and I wish you to do the same. You received Holy Communion this morning, and that is well. But you must do more. Make a general confession, and offer Communion for the conversion of sinners. If they do not convert and do penance, my Son will be obliged to punish them.” Soon the manifestation then lifted her hands, as though beseeching a blessing for those at her feet and slowly vanished, leaving Adele overwhelmed and prostrate on the ground.
Source: Sister Pauline LaPlant, Robinsonville, Wisconsin
Location. Shreveport, Louisiana
Date: 1860
Time:
"Our attention was called to a strange light in the heavens. On going out into the gallery we had a magnificent view of it. It appeared to the naked eye, about 300 yards in length, extending from North to West appearing just above the tallest trees. Its color was that of a red hot stove from the center beautiful rays resembling those of the sun drawing water would ascend to a considerable height, the whole presenting a very beautiful and sublime appearance. We watched it for about an hour without perceiving it to change any.
Location. Norfolk, Virginia
Date: Aug. 6, 1860;
Two objects, one red and one green, flew overhead together, moving with an undulating motion.
(NICAP UFO Evidence, 1964, Hall)
Location. Cwmdwr, Wales
Date: August 1862
Time: 1400
Two men, David Evans and Evan Lewis had stopped their horses for a rest opposite to a farm known as Maestwynog, and were looking in the direction of a hillside not far off, when they noticed several little figures walking up a hill on a winding footpath. As they reached the top of a hill the little men jumped up and made a circle and began dancing in earnest. Suddenly all the little men suddenly scattered in different directions and disappeared from sight.
Source: Janet Bord, Faeries, Real Encounters with The Little People
Location. Indian Ocean
Date: September 1862
Time: unknown
The Danish brig “Christine” was wrecked on a desert rock or island several miles in size. The survivors, including a Mr. Oleson had gathered at the base of a cliff waiting for the end as the waves dashed & the winds howled on the rocks. Suddenly from high in the air they saw what seemed to be an immense ship, driven, uncontrolled in the elements. It was headed straight toward the frightened mariners, who cried aloud in despair. But suddenly a whirl of wind changed the course of the object and it crashed against the cliff a few hundred yards from the miserable sailors. Afraid they crept toward the wreck. It appeared to be a vessel as large as a modern battleship, but the machinery was so crushed that they could form no idea as to how the power was applied to the immense wings or sails. Strange implements and articles of furniture could be seen jumbled in an almost shapeless mass. They found in metal boxes covered with strange characters what they afterward discovered to be very wholesome and palatable food, which, with the water in the rocks, saved them from immediate death. Their horror was intensified when they found the bodies of more than a dozen men dressed in garments of strange fashion and texture. The bodies were dark bronze in color, but the strangest feature of all was the immense size of the men. They were estimated to have been more than 12 ft high. They had long hair and beards. They found tools of almost every kind but to large to be used. One man was driven insane & jumped from the cliff into the boiling waters. The others fled in horror from the fearful sight. But hunger forced them to return to the site. After eating heartily of the strange food, they summoned courage to drag the gigantic bodies to the cliff and tumble them over. The survivors were finally able to build a raft and left the island.
Source: Jerome Clark, Fate September 1990
Location. Lorenco Marques, Mozambique
Date: 1862
Time: unknown
Just before the war between the two rival Gaza chiefs, a “mulungwana”, or little white man, alighted on a hill in the area, many people saw it. It was reported that the “white men” had seized the little entity and took him to the capital. No other information.
Source: Brian Aubeck, Return to Magonia
Location. Near Lewisburg, West Virginia
Date: September 1 1863
Time: 1500
A remarkable phenomenon was witnessed a few miles west of this place, at the house of Mrs Pearcy, by Mr. Moses Dwyer, her neighbor, who happened to be seated in her porch at the time, as well as by others at or near the house. The weather was quite hot and dry, not a cloud could be seen, and no wind even ruffled the foliage on the surrounding trees. All things being propitious the grand panorama began to move---just over and through the tops of the trees on the adjacent hills on the South, immense numbers of rolls resembling cotton or smoke, apparently thousands of them, and were, perhaps, an hour in getting by. After these had passed over and out of sight, the scene was changed from the air above to the earth beneath, and became more intensely interesting to the spectators who were witnessing the panorama from different standpoints. In the deep valley beneath thousands upon thousands of apparently human beings (men) came in low traveling in the same direction of the rolls marching in good order, some thirty or forty in depth, moving rapidly---“double quick,” and commence ascending the sides of the almost insurmountable hills opposite, and had the stoop peculiar to men when they ascend a steep mountain. There seemed to be great variety in the size of the men, some were very large whilst others were quite small. Their arms, legs, and heads could be distinctly seen in motion. They seemed to observe strict military discipline and there were no stragglers. There was uniformity of dress, loose white blouses or shirts with white pants wore hats and were without guns, swords, or anything they indicated “men of war.” On they came through the valley and over the steep hill crossing the road and finally passing out of sight, in a direction due North from those who were looking on. On the 14th of the same month, the same scene almost identical, was seen by 8 or 10 of our pickets at Bunger’s Mill, and by many of the citizens in that neighborhood; this is about 4 miles east of Pearcy’s. It lasted about an hour.
Source: Chris Aubeck, Return to Magonia
Location. Siberia, Russia, exact location not given
Date: 1865
Time: afternoon
A shepherd was looking for a lost animal from his herd when he came upon a forest glade. There he saw a giant sphere with supports, and large humanoid looking “monsters.” Right next to them lay his lost cow. It was dead, and its stomach was slit open, yet there was no blood anywhere in sight. The “monsters” bent over the animal, and studied something inside it. It appeared to the witness that they were cutting something out. Some time later they noticed the young man, and gestured to him in a strange fashion. Frightened he ran away from the area.
Source: Paul Stonehill, The Soviet UFO Files
Location. Cadotte Pass, Missouri
Date: September 1865
Time: evening
Rocky Mountain trapper, James Lumley was engaged in trapping in the mountains about 75 five or 100 hundred miles above the great falls of the Upper Missouri when after sunset one evening he beheld a bright, luminous body in the heavens, which was moving with a great rapidity in an easterly direction. It was plainly visible for at least five seconds, when it suddenly separated into particles, resembling the bursting of a skyrocket in the air. A few minutes later he heard a heavy explosion, which jarred the earth very perceptibly, and this was shortly after followed by a rumbling sound, like a tornado sweeping through the forest. A strong wind sprang up about the same time, but as suddenly subsided. The air was filled with a peculiar odor of a sulfuric character. On the ensuing day he discovered at a distance of about 2 miles from his camping place, that, as far as he could see in either direction, a path had been cut through the forest, several rods wide---giant trees uprooted or broken off near the ground---the tops of hills shaved off, and the earth plowed up in many places. Great and widespread havoc was everywhere visible. Following up this track of desolation, he soon ascertained the cause of it in the shape of an immense stone that had been driven into the side of a mountain. An examination of the stone, or so much of it as was visible, showed that it had been divided into compartments, and that in various places; it was carved with curious hieroglyphics. More than this, Lumley also discovered fragments of a substance resembling glass, and here and there dark stains, as though caused by a dark liquid. He was confident that the hieroglyphics were the work of human hands, and that the stone itself, although but a fragment of an immense body, must have been used for some purpose by animated beings. During that time a bright meteor was visible in the area of Leavenworth and Galena. At Leavenworth it was seen to separate in particles and explode.
Source: UFO Research Cincinnati, quoting “The Cincinnati Commercial” October 30 1865
Location. Bracken County, Kentucky
Date: February 13 1866
Time: late night
On Monday night the owner of a local plantation and his family had retired to rest when suddenly they were aroused by a great outcry from the Negro quarters, which was immediately to the rear of the house. They heard men, women and children screaming in terror, creating a scene of utter pandemonium. His wife and him sprang from their bed. Their room was illuminated as brightly as by a flood of sunlight, though the light was of a bluish cast. At first they thought that the Negro cabins were being consumed by fire. They rushed to the windows and beheld a sight that fairly curdled the blood in their veins with horror and filled their hearts with outmost terror. Their daughters, shrieking loudly, came flying into the room, hysterical with fear. They beheld, standing to the right of the upper cabin, near the fence that separated the Negro’s garden from the house yard a creature of gigantic stature, and the most horrifying appearance. It was nearly as high as the cabin and had a monstrous head not similar in shape to that of an ape, with two short white horns above each eye, and it had long arms, covered with shaggy hair of an ashen hue that terminated in huge paws, not unlike those of a cat, and armed with huge and hooked claws. Its breast was as broad as that of a large sized ox, its legs resembled the front legs of a horse, and only the hoofs were cloven. It had a long tail armed with a dart shaped horn, which it was continually switching about. Its eyes glowed like two living coals of fire, while its nostrils and mouth were emitting sheets of blue colored flame, with a hissing sound, like the hissing of a serpent only a thousand fold louder. Its general color, save the arms, was a dull dingy brown. The air was powerfully impregnated with a smell of burning sulfur. The poor Negroes were evidently laboring under extreme terror, and two of them, an old woman and a lad were actually driven to insanity by their fears and have not recovered their reason up to this writing. The strange creature then was enveloped in a spiral in a spiral column of flame that reached nearly to the top of the locust trees adjacent, and which hid its horrid form completely from view. The extinction of the flame was instantaneous, and with its disappearance they were relieved of the presence of this remarkable visitor. It was reported that the same or similar creature appeared on several nights at neighboring plantations.
Source: Jerome Clark, Anomalistic List, quoting Nathaniel G. Squires
Location. Copiago, Chile
Date: March 17 1868
Time: 1700
When the day’s work in the mine was over and all the workers were gathered together waiting for their dinner, we saw arrive through the air on the side of the mine known as “La Ternera” an enormous bird that at first we took for the clouds that a that moment were covering a part of the atmosphere, supposing that it had been separated from other clouds by a chance gust of wind as the object in question approached, causing us great surprise, we could see it was an unknown flying object. It was moving from the northeast to the southeast and its flight was fast and in a very straight line. It passed over just above our heads and we could see the strange structure of its body. Its great wings were covered in brownish feathers, the head of the monster looked like that of a lobster and its eyes open wide and bright like embers, and it seemed to be covered in something resembling thick hair, like a sow. Its body was long like a snake’s and only bright scales could be seen on it, which sounded like metallic pieces when the strange animal moved them. Surprise soon became panic amongst the workers before such a strange phenomenon. Some claim they detected a terrible smell in those moments, a smell similar to arsenic when it is burnt. Others say their senses were not so injured in such an odd manner. The superstitious believe it was the devil himself who they saw pass over, while others remember having witnessed in that city, years ago, the passing of a similar monstrous bird.
Source: Chris Aubeck, Return to Magonia
Location. Parramatta New South Wales, Australia
Date: July 25 1868
Time: unknown
Frederick Birmingham was standing on his cottage verandah when he saw a “vision” of heads floating by him. He then saw an “ark” flying overhead. A voice told him that it was a flying machine. A man-like figure then appeared and invited the witness to board the object, which had landed on a nearby park. The witness was led into a room where he was shown a paper with an equation written on it. The witness then fell asleep and then awoke the next morning in his house.
Source: Mark Moravec, Psiufo Phenomena
Location. Copiago, Chile
Date: Jul., 1868
Time:
A strange "aerial construction" bearing lights and making engine noises flew low over this town. Local people also described it as a giant bird covered with large scales producing a me- tallic noise. Although not an actual landing, this is the first instance of close observation of an unknown object at low altitude in the nineteenth century. (Fort 638; Anatomy 11)
Location. Nice, Alpes Maritime, France
Date: August 1868
Time: unknown
An unspecified number of witnesses watched an enormous sphere of flames land on top of a hill. Two very small occupants, about 1.20m, wearing with greenish luminous clothing exit the sphere and disappear into the woods. No other information.
Source: Yves Naud, “UFOs and Extraterrestrials” Famot 1977
Location. Willow Creek, Bracken County, Kentucky
Date: October 10 1868
Time: night
A wonderful phenomenon has recently made its appearance in this locale about two miles from Brooksville and has been seen by quite a number of the worthy citizens of the county. On the above date one of our citizens, a prominent tobacco merchant, residing in Brooksville was returning home from the southern portion of the county where he had been buying some crops of tobacco and belated was riding along the road when suddenly he beheld a most frightful object in the middle of the road, immediately in front of him. The “object” was about six feet in height and walked upright. The face was at times that of a man, very pale, with curls of flame falling over his shoulders, eyes of sulfurous blue, changing constantly in size, one moment large as a tin cup, and then gradually decreasing in size until it was almost invisible. Its arms were those of a man, and hands deadly pale. In one hand, it held a torch, and in the other a sword that seemed to be about four feet in length. Its lower extremity was that of a horse, with legs well proportioned, and hoofs as those of a horse. Its tail, which was about three feet in length, was of flame. Its breath was a solid sheet of fire, which vibrated with the heaving of its breast, like the pendulum of a clock. It was certainly the most frightful thing the witness ever beheld. It walked off to the side of the road, and then vanished. When it disappeared the witness immediately put spurs to his horse and galloped by the spot where he had seen it. When he arrived at the summit of the hill, about 200 yards off, he looked back and saw the creature in the same spot where he had first beheld it. He stopped his horse and watched for a moment, it walked over to the left side of the road and mounted a rail fence that stood there, and commenced running toward the witness. The witness did not stay to see remainder of the drama. He immediately rode to town, and having told the adventure to some of the citizens, they immediately formed a party and started out to see the strange visitant. When they arrived at the spot, some of them beheld the specter and the others could not see it. It was when they saw it on the fence, and running rapidly along up and down it passed the crowd for the distance of a quarter of a mile. About 2300 it vanished and was seen no more that night. Since then it has been on hand every night, and the excitement is at a very high state now and is increasing.
Source: Jerome Clark, Anomalistic List, quoting Atlanta Daily Constitution November 4 1868
Location. Near Independent Hill, Virginia
Date: December 1868
Time: night
A man named Silas Brown who lived at the edge of a wooded area reported that for the last few weeks he has had visions or encountered an alarming character in the nearby forest but more particularly in the copse adjacent to Mr. Brown’s barn and stable. At numbers of times has an immense figure been seen passing to and fro near the barn, with large horns and terrible claws, which it contracts to a sort of hoof, and has assaulted Mr. Brown, when he attempted after dark to feed his horses and stock, in such a manner and with such violence that he has been compelled to flee to his house for safety. The figure, to the best of Mr. Brown’s recollection seemed about three times as large as a man in its front, and having a back converging from its neck and shoulders horizontally to the distance of some six to eight feet, and supplied on each side with huge and tremendous arms. It is of a pale bluish color when first seen, but upon being irritated by the near approach of any person becomes a deadly white, and issues from its surface a small volume of smoke, accompanied with a sickening smell. This ghoul or unnatural and horrible animal or demon, has been see as often as four times near Mr. Brown’s stable, and when seen, it has lingered till its deadly effluvia has completely impregnated the surrounding atmosphere. One evening Mr. Brown, desiring to have another beside himself see this terrible visitant, induced a courageous gentleman called Siger, who happened with his wife to spend the evening at Mr. Brown’s to go to the stable to feed his horses. Siger, not believing the story, went without hesitation, when, upon entering the stable, he was alarmed by the fall at or near his feet, with a deep rumbling sound, of a tremendous stone. Siger without looking to see whence the rock came, picked the stone up, and it was so hot that he was compelled to drop it. Upon looking up he beheld the unearthly monster not over fifty yards from him, and the air became quickly filled and inoculated with brimstone. Not wishing to be thought a coward, he did not mention anything of this at the house, but upon walking home with his wife the same night he told her of what happened at the stable, and instantly she became alarmed, and was carried home in a state of apparent insensibility.
Source: Jerome Clark, Anomalistic List, quoting Petersburg Daily Index December 18 1868
Location. Assen Norway
Date: Summer 1869
Time: unknown
A man named Just encountered a small man, that wore brown clothing, without any buttons, and on its head he had a large hat. The small man claimed he was an angel and opened up his coat and a bright light shone from inside of it. Apparently the small man gave the witness a letter of “heavenly” origin.
Source: Ole Jonny Braene
Location. Ashland, Tennessee
Date: 1869
Time:
A whirlwind came along over the neighboring woods, taking up small branches and leaves of trees and burring them in a sort of flaming cylinder that traveled at a rate of about five miles an hour, developing size as it traveled. It passed directly over the spot where a team of horses were feeding and singed their manes and tails up to the roots; it then swept towards the house, taking a stack of hay in its course. It seemed to increase in heat as it went, and by the time it reached the house it immediately fired the shingles from end to end of the building, so that in ten minutes the whole dwelling was wrapped in flames. The tall column of traveling caloric then continued its course over a wheat field that had been recently cradled, setting fire to all the stacks that happened to be in its course. Passing from the field, its path lay over a stretch of woods, which reached the river. The green leaves on the trees were crisped to a cinder for a breadth of 20 yards, in a straight line to the Cumberland. When the "pillar of fire" reached the water, it suddenly changed its route down the river, raising a column of steam which went up to the clouds for about half-a-mile, when it finally died out. Not less than 200 people witnessed this strangest of strange phenomena, and all of them tell substantially the same story about it. Source: Symon's Monthly Meteorological Magazine, 1869
Location. Young New South Wales, Australia
Date: June 1869
Time: night
Three men working on splitting posts and rails for fencing were startled to see a small white object of no particular form, on the ground nearby. The object suddenly grew into a white eight-foot tall humanoid figure. One of the men struck it with a stick and it sounded hollow. The figure then chased the men. The men encountered this same figure on another occasion and also saw a strange animal resembling a dog with a chain attached to it.
Source: Mark Moravec, Psiufo Phenomena
Location. African Coast
Date: 1870
Time:
from the log/account of a ship’s captain, F. W. Banner:
“The sailors saw a remarkable object or cloud in the sky. It was a cloud of circular form, with an included semi-circle divided into four parts, the central dividing shaft beginning at the center of the circle and extending far outward, and then curving backward. The thing travelled from a point 20 degrees above the horizon to a point about 80 degrees above. Then it settled down to the northeast, having appeared from the south, southeast. It came up obliquely against the wind, and finally settled down in the wind’s eye. For half an hour this form was visible, then it finally did disappear…”
Location. Atlantic Ocean
Date:
Time:
An object was seen from the ship Lady of the Lake that appeared to be a light-gray colored disk that flew against the wind.
Location. France, Meudon Observatory.
Date: 1871
Time:
Astronomer Trouvelot noted a number of objects that resembled those witnessed at Nuremberg and Basel. Among the objects he saw was a circle that first seemed about to fall, then descended "like a disk falling through water."
Location. Banbury (Great Britain)
Date: Dec. 07, 1872
Time: 0100 hour
At King's Sutton an object 0100 hours resembling a haystack flew on an irregular course. Sometimes high, sometimes very low it was accom- panied by fire and dense smoke. It produced the same effect as a tornado, felling trees and walls. It sud- denly vanished.
Source: (Fort 189)
Early Modern Sightings 1873-85:
Not surprisingly, during this pre-flight period of time, UFO sightings were minimal. Strangely, this period is marked by a large number of USO (Unidentified Submarine Objects) sightings, such as 'lightwheels' and strange metallic craft seen at sea. This was a period when many nautical advances were being made - and the first practical submersible craft were being built and operated. Most of the aerial sightings reported during this time - many are discussed by Charles Fort in his books - were reported by astronomers, such as Camile Flammarion and Jose Bonilla, who saw luminous objects cross the face of the moon and sun, respectively. It was also during this time that the features of Mars - especially the "canals" reported by Perceval Lowell - led to fervent discussion of the possibility of life there.
Location. Bonham, Texas
Date: 1873
Time:
A huge cigar-shaped object swooped low over the town of on two occasions and in broad daylight. It then disappeared quickly to the east.
Location. Oaxaca, Mexico
Date: 1874
Time:
Residents saw a huge, gently swaying, trumpet-shaped object estimated to be 425 feet long hovering in the sky for six minutes.
Location. Prague, Czechoslovakia
Date: 1875
Time:
A Professor Schafarick saw "an object of such strange nature that I do not know what to say about it. It was of a blinding white and crossed slowly the face of the moon. It remained visible afterwards."
Location. England
Date: 1877
Time:
Three meteor-like objects moving together with "remarkable slowness" flew across the sky, visible about three minutes, "moving with the same velocity and grade of regularity. . [as] a flock of wild geese."
Source: [Credit: Charles Fort, from Report of the British Association, 1877-152]
Location. Venice, France
Date: 1877
Time:
Reports of a "cloud cigar" "fiery spheres, extremely luminous, came out of a cloud of peculiar shape and went slowly toward the north for one hour.
Location. Texas
Date: 1878
Time:
John Martin, a farmer, spotted a fast moving dark object high in the southern sky. When it passed overhead, he saw that it was the size of a 'large saucer'. It continued on its way and was soon lost to view. In recounting the event, a local newspaper remarked, 'Mr. Martin is a gentleman of undoubted veracity and this strange occurrence, if it was not a balloon, deserves the attention of our scientists'.
Location. Persian Gulf
Date: May. 15, 1879
Time:
Two very large "wheels" were seen 2140 spinning in the air and slowly coming to the surface of the sea. Estimated diameter: 40 m. Distance be- tween the objects: 150 m. Speed: 80 km/h/ Duration: 35 min. Witnesses aboard the ship "Vultur"
Source: (Round up 17; Anatomy 12)
Location. Eastern Venezuela
Date: 1880
Time:
A 14-year-old boy saw a luminous ball descending from the sky and hovering near him. He felt somehow "drawn" to it, but succeeded in backing away in spite of his terror.
Source: (Lor. III 2O6)
Location. Aldershot (Great Britain)
Date: 1880
Time:
A strange being dressed in tight-fitting clothes and shining helmet soared over the heads of two sentries, who fired without result. The apparition stunned them with something de- scribed as "blue fire."
Source: (FSR 61, 3; Magonia)
Location. Lamy (New Mexico
Date: Mar. 26, 1880
Time:
Four men walking near Galis- evening teo Junction were surprised as they heard voices coming from a "strange balloon," which flew over them. It was shaped like a fish and seemed to be guided by a large fanlike device. There were eight to ten figures aboard. Their language was not understood. The object flew low over Galisteo Junction and rose rapidly toward the east.
Source: (FSR 65, 3
Location. Persian Gulf
Date: 1880
Time:
Members of the crew of the British India Company's steamship 'Patna' witnessed two large luminous wheels each estimated to be 500 to 600 meters in diameter. The wheels were spinning, one on each side of the ship, and the spokes touching the ship. The sighting lasted 20 minutes and was witnessed by Captain Avern, third officer Manning, and Lee Fort Brace.
Location. Between Melbourne and Sydney at sea (Australia)
Date: Jun. 11, 1881
Time: 0400
The two sons of the Prince of Wales, one of them the future king of England, were cruising aboard "La Bacchante" when an object resembling a fully lighted ship was seen ("a phantom vessel all aglow").
Source: (Fort 637; Anatomy 12)
Location. Americus, Georgia
Date: 1881
Time:
Mr. Z. T. Baisden, of Americus, gives us the following story of a whirlwind that visited his place, scaring all his hands and some visitors very badly. A whirlwind occurred in a twelve acre cornfield that was about four feet in diameter and sometimes a hundred feet high. The body of it was perfectly black, with fire in the center and emitted a strong sulphurous vapor that could be smelt three hundred yards form it. The whirlwind would divide into three and move rapidly over the field, twisting up the corn stalks by the roots and carrying them up. These three minor whirlwinds would then come together with a loud crash, cracking and burning and shoot high up into the heavens. Three young ladies who were visiting Mrs. Baisden went in about 150 feet to observe it, but received such a shower of burning sand upon their face and necks that they ran affrighted to the house. Mr. Baisden says that he cannot account for this strange phenomenon, and it certainly frightened all who saw it. The strange part was that it contained fire, yet did not
Location. England
Date: 1882
Time: :
A huge UFO, the first such phenomenon which was characteristically saucer-shaped in Europe, was plainly observed by numerous people in England and other parts of Europe during the night. It was seen to travel in the sky at an approximate altitude of 130 miles in an east-west direction. A number of eminent scientists witnessed the object, among them being Dr E Walter Maunder, Greenwich astronomer; English spectroscopist, J Rand Capron; Dutch astronomers Audemans and Zeeman. The Royal Observatory, Greenwich published a report of the conclusions reached by scientists, following the appearance of what had been termed, "The Great Saucer". The report had this to say: "It appeared to be well defined in body and the inference drawn was that it was a meteor, not in the old vague sense of some object high in the Earth's atmosphere, but in the sense of a solid cosmological substance, disc-like in appearance, the orbit of which brought it within the terrestrial atmosphere. But nothing could be more unlike the rush of a great meteor or fireball, with intense radiance and fiery train. The advance of this object, though swift, appeared to be orderly and controlled. There was no sign of the compression of the atmosphere before it, no hint that the matter composing its front part, was in anyway more strongly heated than the rest of its substance, if substance, indeed it possessed."
appear to burn the corn that it did not tear up, and its sulphurous vapor sickened and burnt all who got close enough to get a full breath of it.
Location. MEXICO
Date: 1883
Time:
This sighting is the first photographed UFO sightings. An astronomer at the Zacatecas Observatory saw 143 circular objects cross in front of the sun. The astronomer, Professor Jose A. Y. Bonilla managed to take a photograph of one of the objects. He wrote up his finding, which were sent to the French journal L'Astronomie. Similar sightings occurred the following day.
Location. Segeberg, Germany
Date: 1883
Time:
A teacher and children at a school all saw two fiery balls in a clear sky one day. The size of two full moons, the objects traveled slowly together from north to south.
Location. Dundy County, Nebraska
Date: 1884
Time: USA, :
Four cowboys heard a whirring noise overhead then saw a cylindrical object crash into the ground. Researcher Kevin Randle believes this case to have been a hoax.
Location. Norwood, N.Y
Date: July 3, 1884
Time:
Saturn-shaped UFO (globe with central ring) flew slowly overhead.
Source: [Credit: Charles Fort, from Science Monthly, 2-136]
Location. Constantinople, Turkey
Date: November 1, 1885
Time: 9:30pm
From ‘L’Astronomie’: M. Mavrogordato, calls our attention to the following strange observations which have been communicated to him. "On November 1, at 9:30pm, there was seen, west of Adrianople, an elongated object giving off a strong luminosity. It seemed to float in the air and its apparent disk was four or five times larger than the full moon. It traveled slowly and cast light on the whole camp behind the station with a brightness about ten times greater than a large electric bulb. In the morning, at dawn, a very luminous flame, first bluish, then greenish, and moving at a height of five to six meters, made a series of turns around the ferryboat pier at Scutari. Its blinding luminosity lighted the street and flooded the inside of the houses with light."
Location. Scutari (Turkey)
Date: Nov. 02, 1885
Time: A luminous object circled the har- dawn bor. Altitude: 5-6 m. Illuminated the whole town. Duration: 1 1/2 min, as a bluish-green flame. Then plunged into the sea. Made several circles above the ferry-boat pier.
Source: (LDLN 48; Anatomy 14)
Location. Maracaibo, Venezuela
Date: Oct. 24, 1886
Time:
During the night, which was rainy and tempestuous, a family of nine persons, sleeping in a hut a few leagues from Maracaibo, were awakened by a loud humming noise and a vivid, dazzling light, which brilliantly illuminated the interior of the house. The occupants completely terror stricken, and believing, as they relate, that the end of the world had come, threw themselves on their knees and commenced to pray, but their devotions were almost immediately interrupted by violent vomiting, and extensive swellings commenced to appear in the upper part of their bodies, this being particularly noticeable about the face and lips. It is to be noted that the brilliant lights was not accompanied by a sensation of heat, although there was a smoky appearance and a peculiar smell. The next morning, the swellings had subsided, leaving upon the face and body large black blotches. No trace of lightning could afterward by observed in any part of the building, and all the sufferers unite in saying that there was no detonation, but only the loud humming already mentioned. Another curious attendant circumstance is that the trees around the house showed no signs of injury until the ninth day, when they suddenly withered.
Source: (From Warner Cowgill, U. S. Consulate, Maracaibo, Venezuela in a letter posted in Scientific American).
Location. Cape Race (Atlantic Ocean)
Date: Nov. 12, 1887
Time:
A huge sphere of fire 2400 was observed rising out of the ocean by witnesses aboard the "Siberian." It rose to an altitude of 16 m, flew against the wind, and came close to the ship, then "dashed oft" toward the southeast. Duration: 5 min.
Source: (LDLN 48; Anatomy 14)
Location. Ragusa, Italy
Date: 1888
Time:
From the ‘Memoirs’ of the Minor Brothers, “Luminous bodies were seen flying through the sky in lines for one hour.”
Location. Crawfordsville, Indiana
Date: 1891
Time: 2:00am
As reported in the Brooklyn Eagle newspaper on September 10, 1891, two icemen were working outside in Crawfordsville at about 2:00am five nights previously, when a bizarre object sailed overhead. The icemen described the UFO as a 'seemingly headless monster', although there is no reason to believe that it was an animal of any kind. It was about 20ft long, and 8ft wide, moving in the sky toward the two men, and 'seemingly propelled by fin like attachments.' The men moved, and the UFO flew off. The noise awoke Methodist pastor G.W. Swittze, who saw it circling in the sky.
Location. North Texas
Date: 1891
Time:
UFO Crash in North Texas 1891
Location. Netherlands
Date: 1892
Time:
An astronomer called Muller was observing the moon through his telescope when a black disk moved across his field of view.
Location. Poland
Date: 1892
Time:
A phantom airship scare began appearing. As in later 'flaps' of this sort, the craft often appeared at night and were usually equipped with powerful searchlights.
Location. North China Sea
Date: 1893
Time:
In February of 1893, the ship, H.M.S. Carolina was sailing in the North China Sea, when a report from an officer of unusual light activity in the sky came to the attention of Captain J.N. Norcross. The officer told Captain Norcross that the lights appeared sometimes in a huge mass, others spread out in unusual patterns. He said that they resembled Chinese laterns set between the masts of a ship. The next night these strange lights reappeared but with a reddish glow and eminatting small amounts of smoke.
Location. Oxford,England
Date: 1895
Time:
A disk was seen rising above some trees and disappearing into the east
Location. Sacramento, California
Date: November 25, 1896
Time:
On November 25, a mysterious light was seen moving rapidly from the Northeast and heading in a southwesterly direction. As it neared the southern boundary of the city of Sacramento it turned directly toward the west and after passing the city went south, being distinctly visible for upward of 20 minutes.
Location. Lorin, California
Date: November 26, 1896
Time:
On November 26, an airship that looked like a great black cigar with a fishlike tail neared Lorin tremendous speed. It turned quickly and disappeared in the direction of San Francisco. The body was at least 100 feet long and attached to it was a triangular tail, one apex being attached to the main body. The surface of the airship looked as if it were made of aluminum, which exposure to wind and weather had turned dark. At half past 8 we saw it again, when it took about the same direction and disappeared."
Source: From the Oakland Tribune, Dec 1.
Location. San Francisco, California
Date: November 26, 1896
Time:
The great Airship Flap of 1897 actually started in late 1896 in San Francisco. Hundreds saw a large, cigar-shaped object, shining brilliant beams of light, and moving northwest passing over Oakland. Later reports came from other northern cities.
Location. San Francisco, California
Date: November 26, 1896
Time:
A light was observed by many prominent individuals including Deputy Secretary of State George A. McCalvy, District Attorney Frank D. Ryan, and E. D. McCabe, the governor's personal secretary.
Source: From the San Francisco Call, Nov 26.
Location. Arolla, Switzerland near Zermatt (Swiss Alps)
Date: November 26, 1896
Time:
Author Aleister Crowley was walking in the mountains when he suddenly saw two little men. He made a gesture to them, but they did not seem to pay attention and disappeared among the rocks.
Source: (Magic Without Tears, by A. Crowley)
Location. 1896-7
Date:
Time:
Great Airship Wave :
An amazing series of sightings, stretching from the East to the West coast of the U.S., occurred in 1896 and 1897. Many newspapers carried sightings of "airships" seen travelling through the air. These mechanical contraptions often shone spotlights on the ground and made lots of clanking and other noises as they moved through the sky. Speculation about the "airships" focused on a series of "inventors" who were testing these new craft and would soon be making them commercially available for the public. Some people claimed that the airships landed and that they met these "inventors." Some airship pilots claimed to be from Mars; others insisted they were "from a place where it never rains." Yet others claimed the airships were being built in rather mundane workshops on the East coast. Some witnesses protested that the airships were dropping ballast or cargo on them. (H.G. Wells wrote a short story about this time, Master of the Air , about a man named Robert L'Conqueror, who conquers the world through his secret lighter-than-air airship technology and various weapons.) Not surprisingly, shortly after the airship "wave," the first terrestrial zeppelins and dirigibles began being built and used commercially, as if the UFO was always one step ahead of our own technology. There would be some repeat airship encounters during the so-called "Christmas Wave" of 1909-10, when airships with 'searchlights' were seen over New England.
One of the most curious episodes of the whole Airship wave - which, like many of the others, was thought to be a newspaper hoax - was a story of an airship which crashed into Judge Proctor's windmill in Aurora, Illinois. A body of a small "martian" was said to be recovered and buried with some of the wreckage. In 1972, rumors were sparked anew as a man appeared and claimed to know the whereabouts of this wreckage. This man, a Frank Kelley of Corpus Christi, said he was a treasure hunter, and produced several pieces of metal found with his metal detector, which turned out to be mostly aluminum. No body was ever found by UFO investigators, and, like so many other weirdos in the UFO world, this guy with a fake address and phone number disappeared as abruptly as he turned up. Not unsurprisingly, in late 1972 the U.S. was already experiencing the beginnings of the massive UFO wave of '73, which shattered post-Condon report complacency.
Location. Sioux City (Iowa)
Date: Mar. 26, 1897
Time:
Approximate Date: Robert Hib- night bard was caught by an anchor dropped from an un- known flying machine 22 km north of the town. He was dragged over 10 m and fell as his clothes were torn.
Source: (FSR 66, 4)
Location. Omaha, Nebraska
Date: Mar. 28, 1897
Time:
The majority of the population 2230 observed an object arriving from the southeast. It looked like a huge light, flew northwestward slowly, came to low altitude. A crowd gathered at a street corner to watch it.
Source: (185)
Location. Everest, Kansas
Date: Apr. 01, 1897
Time:
The whole town saw an object fly 2100 under the cloud ceiling. It came down slowly, then flew away very fast to the southeast. When directly over the town it swept the ground with its powerful light. It was seen to rise up at fantastic speed until barely discernible, then to come down again and sweep low over the witnesses. At one point it re- mained stationary for 5 min at the edge of a low cloud, which it illuminated. All could clearly see the silhouette of the craft.
Source: (FSR 66, 4)
Location. Nilwood, Illinois
Date: Apr. 12, 1897
Time:
On the property of Z. Thacker, 19 1430 km north of Carlinville, an unknown object landed. Before the three witnesses could reach it, the craft, which was shaped like a cigar with a dome, rose slowly and left majestically toward the north. Witnesses: Edward Teeples, William Street and Franklin Met- calf.
Source: (186; Anatomy 12)
Location. Girard, near Green Ridge, Illinois
Date: Apr. 12, 1897
Time:
A large crowd of 1800 miners saw an unknown object land 3 km north of Green Ridge and 4 km south of Girard. The night operator of the Chicago-and-Alton Railroad, Paul McCramer, stated that he came sufficiently close to the craft to see a man emerge from it to repair the machinery. Traces were found over a large area. The object itself was elongated like a ship with a roof and a double canopy. It left toward the north.
Source: (186,187)
Location. Gas City, Indiana
Date: Apr. 14, 1897
Time:
An object landed 2 km south of 1500 Gas City on the property of John Roush, terrifying the farmers and causing the horses and cattle to stampede. Six occupants of the ship came out and seemed to make some repairs. Before the crowd could approach the object, it rose rapidly and flew toward the east.
Source: (188)
Location. Cleveland, Ohio
Date: Apr. 14, 1897
Time: Joseph Singler, captain of the "Sea Wing," was fishing with S. H. Davis, of Detroit, when they saw on the lake what they thought was a ship, about 13 m long, with a canopy. A man, about 25 years old, wearing a hunting jacket and a cap, was fishing from the deck of the object. Near him were a woman and a 10-year old child. When the "Sea Wing" came close to the craft, a large, colored bal- loon rose from the object, which flew up with it to an altitude of about 150 m and circled "like a hawk" before flying away.
Source: (189)
Location. Linn Grove, Iowa
Date: Apr. 15, 1897
Time:
A large object was seen to fly morning slowly toward the north. It seemed ready to land and five men (F. G. Ellis, James Evans, David Evans, Joe Croaskey, Benjamin Buland) drove toward it. About 7 km north of Linn Grove, they found the craft on the ground, came within 700 m of it but it "spread its four giant wings and rose towards the North." Two strange figures aboard the craft made efforts to con- ceal themselves. Witnesses were surprised at the length of their hair. Most residents of Linn Grove saw the craft in flight.
Source: (190
Location. Howard-Artesian,.South Dakota
Date: Apr. 15, 1897
Time:
A flying object nightfall coming closer and closer to the ground followed a train, as reported by the engineer, Joe Wright
Source: (FSR 66,4)
Location. Perry Springs, Missouri
Date: Apr. 15, 1897
Time:
A passenger train on the 2100 Wabash line, going toward Quincy, was followed by a low-flying object for 15 min between Perry Springs and Hersman. All the passengers saw the craft, which had a red and white light. After Hersman it flew ahead of the train and disappeared rapidly, although the train was then running at 65 km/h.
Source: (190)
Location. Springfield, Illinois
Date: Apr. 15, 1897
Time:
Two farm workers, Adolph Winkle and John Hulle, saw a strange craft in a field. They had a discussion with its occupants, a woman and two men, and were told the ship-had flown from Quincy to Springfield in 30 min and that the crew. was making electrical repairs.
Source: (FSR 65,1)
Location. St. Louis, MO
Date: April 15, 1897
Time: 7:45 p.m.
This is the first report from the entire period to be declared a possible UFO. Dr. Eddie Bullard provided this report to Brad Sparks in Dec. 2006. A Medical doctor/amateur astronomer observed a cigar shaped object with a telescope.
Location. Downs Township, Illinois
Date: Apr. 16, 1897
Time:
While working in his field, Haney Savidge saw an aerial craft land near him. Six people emerged from it and spoke to him for a few minutes before leaving again.
Source: (191)
Location. Vincennes, IN
Date: April 16, 1897
Time: 9:00 p.m.
A mysterious airship passed over the city twice on the night of Friday, April 16. According to the Vincennes Morning Commercial, the airship first appeared about nine o'clock, traveling along the extreme eastern portion of the horizon: A sphere of golden light was first seen in the vicinity of the Union Depot, from down in the city. Those near the ship claimed they could clearly see the dark lines of its car, although no passengers were observed.
Source: (The Valley Advance, Vincennes, Indiana, March 18, 1980 Vol. 16, No. 28. Taken from Vincennes Morning Commercial April 16, 1897)
Location. Williamston, Michigan
Date: Apr. 17, 1897
Time:
At least a dozen farmers morning saw an object maneuver in the sky for an hour before it landed. A strange man near 3 m tall, almost naked and suffering from the heat, was the pilot of the craft. "His talk, while musical, seemed to be a repeti- tion of bellowings." One farmer went near him and received a blow that broke his hip.
Source: (196)
Location. Leroy, Kansas
Date: Apr. 19, 1897
Time: 2230
Alexander Hamilton was awakened 2230 by a noise among the cattle and went out with his son and his tenant. They saw an elongated cigar- shaped object, about 100 m long with a transparent cabin underneath showing narrow reddish bands, hovering 10 m above ground. They approached within 50 m of it. It was illuminated and equipped with a searchlight. Inside it were "six of the strangest be- ings" the witness had seen, also described as "hid- eous." They spoke a language no witness could understand. A cow was dragged away by the object with the help of a strong red cable; it was found butchered in a field the next day.
Source: (Anatomy 16; Ma- gonia) 1897: Sworn Statement from an Alexander Hamilton, at his farm in LeRoy Kansas:
Location. Homan, Arkansas
Date: Apr. 20, 1897
Time:
Capt. James Hooton was hunt- 1800 ing in the vicinity of Homan when he heard the noise of a steam engine and found an object in a clearing. It looked like a cylinder with pointed ends, lateral wheels, and horizontal blade over it. Hooton spoke with a man who wore dark glasses and walked behind the craft. There were three or four occupants. The witness was told this was indeed "The Airship" and that it used compressed air for propulsion. Hooton saw the wheels spin as the craft rose and flew away.
Source: (FSR 66, 4; Magonia)
Location. Rockland, Texas
Date: Apr. 22, 1897
Time:
John M. Barclay was intrigued when his dog barked furiously and a high-pitched noise was heard. He went out, saw a flying object circling 5 m above ground. Elongated with protru- sions and blinding lights, it went dark when it landed. Barclay was met by a man who told him his purpose was peaceful and requested some common hardware items to repair the craft. He paid with a ten-dollar bill and took off "like a bullet out of a gun."
Source: (192; Magonia)
Location. Josserand, Texas
Date: Apr. 22, 1897
Time:
Frank Nichols, who lived 3 km 2400 east of Josserand and was one of its most respected citizens, was awakened by a machine noise. Looking outside, he saw a heavy, lighted object land in his wheat field. He walked toward it, was stopped by two men who asked permission to draw water from his well. He then had a discussion with a half-dozen men, the crew of the strange machine. He was told how it worked but could not follow the explanation.
Source: (193; Magonia)
Location. McKinney Bayou, Arkansas
Date: Apr. 23, 1897
Time:
Judge Lawrence A. Byrne of Texarkana, Arkansas, was surveying a tract of land when he saw a peculiar object anchored on the ground. "It was manned by three men who spoke a foreign language, but judging from their looks one would take them to be Japs."
Source: (Farish, in Allende Letters (Award Special, 1968) )
Location. Merkel, Texas
Date: Apr. 25, 1897
Time:
People returning from church ob- evening served a heavy object being dragged along the ground by a rope attached to a flying craft. The rope got caught in a railroad track. The craft was too high for its structure to be visible but protrusions and a light could be distinguished. After about 10 min a man came down along the rope cut the end free, and went back aboard the craft, which flew away toward the northeast. The man was small and dressed in a light- blue uniform.
Source: (194; Magonia)
Location. Aquila-Hillsboro (Texas)
Date: Apr. 26, 1897
Time:
A lawyer was surprised to see a lighted object fly over. His horse was scared and nearly toppled the carriage. When the main light was turned off, a number of smaller lights became visible on the underside of the dark object, which supported an elongated canopy. It went down toward a hill to the south, 5 km from Aquila. When the witness was on his way back one hour later he saw the object rising. It reached the altitude of the cloud ceiling and flew to the northeast at a fantastic speed with periodic flashes of light.
Source: (195)
Location. Hot Springs (Arkansas
Date: May 06, 1897
Time:
Two policemen, Sumpter and McLenore, were riding northwest of Hot Springs when they saw a bright light in the sky. About 7 km farther they saw the light again coming down to the ground. One km farther the horses refused to walk. Two men were seen carrying lights. The lawmen took their rifles, called the strangers, and were told that they crossed the country with a flying craft. The sil- houette of the machine, about 2O m long, could be seen in the clearing. There was a woman with an um- brella nearby. It was raining, and the younger of the men was filling a large container with water. The elder man had a beard and suggested that the policemen fly with them "to a place where it does not rain." The same witness went back through the same spot 40 min later and found nothing.
Source: (FSR 66, 4; Magonia)
Location. Canada, British Columbia:
Date: 1897
Time:
Two Canadian fishermen in saw a pear-shaped craft flying southwards
Location. Winnipeg, Canada
Date: April 1897
Time:
A mysterious airship flew over Winnipeg, the capital of Canada's Manitoba province, in full view of many citizens for a full fifteen minutes." "The strange visitor" approached from the west, following the Assiniboine River. After passing over St. Boniface Hospital, the UFO veered sharply to the north and "was lost from view" as it flew toward the town of Stony Mountain.
Source: From the Vancouver, B.C. News-Advertiser, Saturday May 1.
Location. Homan, Arkansas
Date: 1897
Time:
Capt. James Hooton was hunting in the vicinity of Homan when he heard the noise of a steam engine and found an object in a clearing. It looked like a cylinder with pointed ends, lateral wheels, and horizontal blade over it. Hooton spoke with a man who wore dark glasses and walked behind the craft. There were three or four occupants. The witness was told this was indeed "The Airship" and that it used compressed air for propulsion. Hooton saw the wheels spin as the craft rose and flew away.
Location. McKinney Bayou, Arkansas
Date: 1897
Time:
Judge Lawrence A.Byrne of Texarkana, Arkansas, was surveying a tract of land when he saw a peculiar object anchored on the ground. "It was manned by three men who spoke a foreign language, but judging from their looks one would take them to be Japs."
Location. LeRoy, Kansas
Date: April 21, 1897
Time: 10:30 PM
From a sworn statement dated 21 April, a prosperous and prominent farmer named Alexander Hamilton told of an attack upon his cattle at about 10:30 PM the previous Monday. He, his son, and his tenant grabbed axes and ran some 700 feet from the house to the cow lot where a great cigar-shaped ship about 300 feet long floated some 30 feet above his cattle. It had a carriage underneath which was brightly lighted within (dirigible and gondola?) and which had numerous windows. Inside were six strange looking beings jabbering in a foreign language. These beings suddenly became aware of Hamilton and the others. They immediately turned a searchlight on the farmer, and also turned on some power, which sped up a turbine wheel (about 30 ft diameter) located under the craft. The ship rose, taking with it a two-year old heifer, which was roped about the neck by a cable of one-half inch thick, red material. The next day a neighbor, Link Thomas, found the animal's hide, legs and head in his field. He was mystified at how the remains got to where they were because of the lack of tracks in the soft soil. Alexander Hamilton's sworn statement was accompanied by an affidavit as to his veracity. The affidavit was signed by ten of the local leading citizens.
Location. Aurora, Texas
Date: April 19, 1897
Time:
From the , Dallas Morning News 'About 6 o'clock this morning the early risers of were astonished at the sudden appearance of the airship, which has been sailing around the country. It was traveling due north and much nearer the earth than before. Evidently some of the machinery was out of order, for it was making a speed of only ten or twelve miles an hour, and gradually settling toward the earth. It sailed over the public square and when it reached the north part of town it collided with the tower of Judge Proctor's windmill and went into pieces with a terrific explosion, scattering debris over several acres of ground, wrecking the windmill and water tank and destroying the judge's flower garden. The pilot of the ship is supposed to have been the only one aboard and, while his remains were badly disfigured, enough of the original has been picked up to show that he was not an inhabitant of this world.
Mr. T.J. Weems, the U.S. Army Signal Service officer at this place and an authority on astronomy gives it as his opinion that the pilot was a native of the planet Mars. Papers found on his person, evidently the records of his travels -- are written in some unknown hieroglyphics and cannot be deciphered. This ship was too badly wrecked to form any conclusion as to its construction or motive power. It was built of an unknown metal, resembling somewhat a mixture of aluminum and silver, and it must have weighed several tons. The town is today full of people who are viewing the wreckage and gathering specimens of strange metal from the debris. The pilot's funeral will take place tomorrow.'
From UPI, 1973, “A grave in a small north Aurora, Texas cemetery contains the body of an 1897 astronaut who "was not an inhabitant of this world," according to the International UFO Bureau. The group, which investigates unidentified flying objects, has already initiated legal proceedings to exhume the body. "After checking the grave with metal detectors and gathering facts for three months, we are certain as we can be at this point [that] he was the pilot of a UFO which reportedly exploded atop a well on Judge J.S. Proctor's place, April 19, 1897," Hewes said. He was not an inhabitant of this world."
A few days later, another UPI account datelined Aurora quoted a ninety-one-year-old who had been a girl of fifteen in Aurora at the time of the reported incident. She said she "had all but forgotten the incident until it appeared in the newspapers recently." She said her parents had gone to the sight of the crash, but had refused to take her along. She recalled that the remains of the pilot, "a small man," had been buried in the Aurora cemetery. Not to be outdone, the Associated Press, in a story datelined Denton, Texas, reported "a North Texas State University professor had found some metal fragments near the Oates gas station (former Proctor farm). One fragment was said to be 'most intriguing' because it consisted of primarily of iron which did not seem to exhibit magnetic properties." The professor also said he was puzzled because the fragment was "shiny and malleable instead of dull and brittle like iron." The Aurora Cemetery Association was successful in blocking the attempts to dig up the grounds in search of the "Martian pilot."
Location. Lille, France
Date: 1898
Time:
An astronomer saw through his telescope a rectangular object with a violet colored band on one side, the rest being striped red and black. It was not in the position of any known planet. It remained stationary for 10 minutes, then 'cast out sparks and disappeared.'
Location. Dordogne, Dourite, France
Date: November 1, 1899
Time: 7:00 pm
An object 'like an enormous star' was seen from 7:00 pm, 'at times white, then red, and sometimes blue... moving like a kite' in the southerly sky.
Location. Luzarches, France
Date: 1899
Time:
M.A. Garry observed a round luminous object rise above the horizon and shrink in size as it moved into the distance over 15 minutes.
Location. South Africa
Date: 1899
Time:
After alerting its telegraph offices to be on the lookout for invading British aircraft, the Transvaal government was inundated with sighting reports. Phantom airships, often equipped with powerful searchlights, mysteriously appeared in the skies around. Of course, neither aircraft nor airplanes were known to exist in Africa at this time.
Location. Prescott, Arizona
Date: 1899
Time: 2:00 pm
Dr. Warren E. Day observed a luminous object that 'traveled with the Moon all day' until 2:00 pm. A similar object had been observed the day before from Tonto, Arizona.
Location. El Paso, Texas
Date: 1899
Time:
A luminous object was seen in daylight from 10:00am to 4:00pm; Venus was two months past its secondary phase of maximum brilliance.
Date: 556 AD
Location: Japan, exact location unknown
Time:
Summary: A strange man, a visitor from the sky was encountered during the rule of Emperor AMe-Kuni-Osi-Hiroki-Niro-niha and told the emperor when he met him: “In the past during the rule of Emperor Oho-Hatsuse, your country has experienced strong pressure from Korea and was in a quite critical situation. If after a respectful prayer to the divine being---founder of your country---you will help the ruler who is threatened by destruction, the state will then achieve tranquility and peace will be established among nations. Recently I was informed that your country has stopped honoring the Supreme God. If you will now repent of your former sins, and build a temple to this God and make a sacrifice in honor of his divine spirit…your country will flourish. Don’t forget about this.”
Source: Space Visitors in Ancient Japan. By Mikhail Rosenshpitz in: “Unbelievable World”, Kiev Ukraine # 8, August 2004
Date: 584
Location: France
Time:
Summary: The Bishop of Tours in France, is perplexed by curious "domes and golden globes that raced across the sky".
Source:
Date: 619
Location: Japan
Time:
Summary: A bright object like a human figure was seen over the Gamo riverin Central Japan.
Source:
Date: 640
Location: Japan
Time:
Summary: On the 7th day of the second month of Spring, a star entered the moon.
Source: The Nihongi book two
Date: 642
Location: Japan
Time:
Summary: In Autumn, 9th day, 7th month, during the reign of the Empress Toyo-Tokaro-Ikashi-hi-Tarahishi-Hime a guest star entered the moon.
Source: The Nihongi book two
Date: 643
Location: Japan
Time:
Summary: "Five colored banners and umbrellas shone in the sky, and descending, hung over the Temple to the sound of various music."
Source:
Date: 650
Location: India
Time:
Summary: One night in the hot season, they (Hariswami and his new wife) were laying on the roof of the summer house. The veil on the woman’s face slipped off in the night while a demi-god was seated in his car over head. His gaze suddenly fell upon her. The demi-god lowered the car and placed her asleep within. She was never seen again
Source: As told by Hariswami, translated from Hindu by J. Platts
Date: 664
Location: England, Barking near the Thames
Time:
Summary: At a monastery a great light appeared in the sky at night and shone over nuns who were singing in the burial-ground. They reported that it lifted up, moved to the other side of the monastery, and then ascended into the night sky. Priests said the light surpassed the brightness of day.
Source:
Date: 671
Location: Japan
Time:
Summary: Flaming object was seen flying to north from many countries in Japan, one year before the war of the Jinshin.
Source:
:
Date: 674
Location: England
Time:
Summary: "In this year a thin and tremulous cloud, a kind of rainbow, appeared at the fourth watch of the night on the fifth day before Easter, proceeding from the east, and turned into the colour of blood."
Source:
Date: 679
Location: Japan
Time:
Summary: Cotton like matter about 5 to 6 feet long fell all over Naniwa, former name of Osaka, and was drifted by the wind here and there.
Source:
Date: 746
Location: England
Time:
Summary: " Dragons were seen in the heavens"
Source:
Date: 747
Location: China
Time:
Summary: Huge flame-breathing dragons were reported being seen in skies, accompanied by men in airships.
Source:
Date: 748
Location: England
Time:
Summary: " Ships were seen in the air with their men"
Source:
Date: 763
Location: Meath County
Time:
Summary: While King Domnall Mac Murchada attended the fair at Teltown ships were seen in the air.
Source:
Date: 776
Location: Charlemagne’s castle at Sigiburg.
Time:
Summary: As the Saxons were laying siege to the castle, flying shields that were reddish in color appeared in the sky and rained down fire on the attacking army.
Source:
Date: 776 AD
Location:
Time:
Summary: “Those watching outside in that place, of whom many still live to this very day, saw they beheld the likeness of two large shields, reddish in color in motion above the church, and when the pagans who were outside saw this sign, they were at once thrown into confusion and terrified with fear and began to flee from the castle.”
Source: old chronicle by W. R. Drake
Date: 793
Location: England
Time:
Summary: " ...dragons were seen flying in the air"
Source:
Date: 796
Location: England
Time:
Summary: " In the same year small globes were seen about the Sun"
Source:
Date: 800 A.D.
Location: Peru
Time:
Summary: Peru Aerial landing strips are built in the Peruvian Andes.
Source:
Date: 810 A.D.
Location: near Aachen
Time:
Summary: St. Gregory of Tours, a historian, wrote of Charlemagne: "Alcuin, the secretary and biographer of Charlemegne, and author of the Vita karoli, states in the thirty second chapter of his work that in 810 when he was on his way from Aachen, he saw a large sphere descend like lightning from the sky. It travelled from east toi west and was so bright it made the monarch's horse rear up so that Charlemgane fell and injured himself severly."
Source: St. Gregory of Tours
Date:
Location:
Time:
Summary:
Source:
Date: 840 A.D.
Location. France
Time: unknown
Summary: Agobard of Lyons, a bishop during the Carolingian Era in France, wrote about the various "superstitions" he encountered among the peasantry. One such tale was that beings ("slyphs" or air elementals) travelling in sky-sailing ships were stealing farmers' crops and abducting people. Many people claimed that anchors of these sky "ships" had become lodged in the rooves of buildings and showed them to the clergy. Agobard heard the rumor that four of these sylphs had been captured, and that they claimed to be from "Magonia," a land high up in the clouds. These four beings were apparently stoned to death by an angry mob. Agobard dismissed the rumors because they contradict the Bible, which has no mention of such an aerial kingdom.
Alien Type: Magonia
Source: Agobard of Lyons
Type:
Date: 842
Location: France
Time:
Summary: Multicolored armies were seen marching in the sky...These sightings of infernal armies were nocturnal. They several times accompanied the siege of Jerusalem.
Source:
Date: 919
Location: Hungary
Time:
Summary: An object like a flaming torch was seen in the sky, together with spheres, which flew over giving out a brighter light than the stars.
Source:
Date: 927
Location: France
Time:
Summary: "In the town of Verdun, like the whole eastern part of France, saw fiery armies appearing in the sky. Flodoard’s chronicle reports that they flew over eastern Reims on a Sunday morning in March. Similar phenomena happened several times under King Pepin the Short, under Charlemagne, under Louis I, the Debonair. These sovereign’s capitularia mention penalties against creatures that travel on aerial ships."
Source:
Date: 1011
Location: Lorraine France
Time:
Summary: conrad wolffhart notes in his ac prodigiorum ostentorum chronicon in 1011 a flaming torch like a tower has been seen in the sky at the same time sounded a huge noise that happened under the reign of Emperor Henry II in Lorraine near the hill castrolicum
Source: Chronicles the UFO "- Delarge 1977 p 65.
Date: August 23, 1015
Location: Tokyo
Time:
Summary: the streets are illuminated by two bright objects which separate white light several smaller objects. The observation lasted one hour. "Spherical two bright objects are seen in Japan as they give off two stars.
Source: Michel BOUGARD:" The chronicle of UFO "- Delarge 1977 p 66.
Date: August 1027
Location: Cairo in Egypt
Time:
Summary: , , the Nile merchants have seen a "big stick of fire" above Cairo. ".. The month of Redjeb, very many stars passed over Cairo and the Nile Delta. They were flying with great noise and emitting a bright light."
Source: Michel BOUGARD: "The chronicle of UFO" - Delarge 1977 p 66.
Date: 1034 A.D.
Location: France
Time:
Summary: A rare typeset book from 1493, now preserved in a museum at Verdun, France, contains what may be the earliest pictorial representation of a UFO in Europe. Hartmann Schedel, author of the book "Liber Chronicarum", describes a strange fiery sphere --- seen in 1034 ---soaring through the sky in a straight course from south to east and then veering towards the setting sun. The illustration accompanying the account shows a cigar-shaped form haloed by flames, sailing through a blue sky over a green, rolling countryside

Source: Jacque Vallee, "UFO's in Space: Anatomy of a Phenomenon", p.9
Date: 1056
Location: China
Time:
Summary:
"Meng Xi Bi Tan": "Jiayou in (1056 -1063), The Yangzhou has a large pearl, dark days, more common. Tianchang County Pei Ze early after the onset of Pi in the lake community, it is in the new lake after several years, residents of Commons pedestrians. I den friends on the lake one night to find that the beads close to open its first micro-chamber, the light of that kiss, like a golden cross. Russia and rolled abruptly Zhang shell as big as a seat and a half, shell white, like silver, pearls as big as your fist, shiny is not treated, over a decade between the trees Jieyou film, that never in the pictures see the red sky as far a single wildfire. quietly away, fly line, hover over the wave, Yao Yao like Japan. old moon beads, pearls are not class this month, Yingying, a Mount flame, sunlight near category. Cui Bo Yi to try Pearl Fu. '"Bo Yi, Gaoyou routine coverage See. recent years do not come back, whatever. Daliang past because Fan office, pedestrians now, often through the night to be to join some boat gambling County Pavilion Pearl ""
Source:
Date: 1065 A.D.
Location: River Setomi, near present day modern Kiev, Ukraine
Time:
Summary: Local residents observed a strange sign in the sky---a huge star with blood red beams of light. This phenomenon lasted for 7 straight days. It was seen only during the evening. Around the same time a child-like dwarf type entity was found by fishermen in the river Setomi (this river does not exist at present). The dwarf was pulled out of the river in a net. The fishermen kept watch over the strange entity until late afternoon and then threw back into the river out of fear and repugnancy. The dwarf like entity was very strange with a much wrinkled face and other “shameless” details on his face and body (not specified).
Source: “Povest Vremennyh Let” (Ancient Manuscript) and Dmitriy Lavrov (All-Ukrainian News) February 18 1998
Date: 1067
Location: at sea, in La Mancha
Time:
Summary: "... From Normandy, several crew members perished at sea in La Mancha ... A fire was burning and shining beautifully in the air. He came close to the ground and lit up for some time. Then he returned, got high and then spun to the inside waters. in many places it burned woods and crops. in Northumberland this fire was seen twice in the year ..
Source: Michel BOUGARD: "the chronicle UFO "- Delarge 1977 p 66
Date: 1096
Location:
Time:
Summary: spoke of other chronic battalions through the air has high speed (8-21 experts)
Source: Michel BOUGARD: "The chronicle of UFO" - Delarge 1977 p.67
Date: July-August 1096
Location: JAPAN
Time:
Summary: .. ten lights arranged in a straight line flew over Japanese territory ... (
Source: Michel BOUGARD: "The chronicle of UFO" - Delarge 1977 p.
Date: 1078
Location: England
Time:
Summary: " In this year appeared the wilde fyr such as no man before remembered: and moreover it did harm in many places."
Source:
Date: From 1098 to 1179
Location:
Time:
Summary: - Life of (St.) Hildegard of Bingen - Hildegard was the tenth child of a large family, his parents very devoted believers in the Lord from an early age, under the rule of the Old Testament: thou shalt give unto the Lord a tenth of all that belong to you. This is from the age of 8 years that the small Hildegard entered the Benedictine convent of Disi Bodenberg, first for his education and then to take the veil from the age of fourteen under the tutelage of Mother Superior Jutta of Sponheim.
She pronounced his final vows and death Jutta of Sponheim she became the Mother Superior of the convent at the age of 38 years. This is the age of 43 that began "visions" that she described in a ledger that includes all of his work that remains carefully preserved in the Regional Library of Hesse in Wiesbaden. This exceptional work written on parchment of 50 cm is sealed by steel fittings and weighs over 50 kg.
Hildegard receiving visions and prophetic visions regarding the great figures of his time. It broadcast "these messages from the beyond not only around him but sent to Bernard of Clairvaux to ask his opinion. Bernard replied that her visions were a gift from heaven, a manifestation of the Holy Spirit and need to continue to publish them.


Source:
Date: 1098
Location: Worms, GERMANY
Time:
Summary: "cavalry forces in the sky near Worms"
Source: (Meland 2, No. 5) (Michel BOUGARD: "The chronicle of UFO" - Delarge 1977 p. 67)
Date: 1102
Location:
Time:
Summary: salamanca spain Ieronimus Cathedral for fun cosmonaut of St. Jerome

Date: 1104
Location: Switzerland (or England?)
Time:
Summary: Wolffart notes that "torches of fire, glowing lines and lights were often seen flying in the air then. There had that looked like swarms of butterflies or small glowworms a funny species. They flying through the air and obscured the sunlight as if it was the clouds. "(Christiane Piens: "The UFO past" - Marabout 1977 - p.46: Great Britain) Wolfart note that in Switzerland, in 1104, "torches ... etc.."
Source: "UFO Files", ed. Marshall Cavendish, 1998 Paris, Special issue, p.3)
Date: February 16, 1105
Location:
Time:
Summary: during the first week of Lent, a strange star appeared on the evening of Friday, February 16 and long after we saw a shining moment each night the star was emerging in the southwest and seemed small and dark but the light that emeanait was very bright and was manifested in the form of a huge beam of light projected in a northerly direction is an evening it seemed that it was singing ray of lightning in the opposite direction towards the star. Some said they saw other stars incconnues about the same time but we can speak with reserve cars we did not see us themselves. On the eve of the cena dominici Thursday before Easter two moons were seen in the sky before it was light, one to the east and the other to the west and both were full moon was then about fifteen of days
Source: chronicles the UFO michel Bougard page 67
Date: 1113
Location: England, Wessex
Time:
Summary: A group of churchmen from Laon in France were going from town to town in Wessex, bearing with them relics of the Virgin Mary, which they used to perform miracles of healing. At the coastal town of Christchuch, they were astonished to see a dragon come out of the sea, 'breathing fire out of its nostrils.'
Source:
Date: 1116
Location: China
Time:
Summary: Emerging figure in Vision and Kingdoms of the song, "" governance Huizong and six years (in 1116) in November, with stars like the moon, slowly southward, and down light, with the same month. "The next year," in December Jiayin moon, a star Kisaragi "(" continued Mirror ")
Source:
Date: 1123
Location: London England
Time:
Summary: In the chronicle of Geoffrey of Breuil mention is made of observation in London of "ships to the stopover between the clouds."
Source: (Michel BOUGARD: "The chronicle of UFO" - Delarge 1977 p.67)
Date: 1125 A.D.
Location: Railbach, Freienstein, Germany
Time: 2300 to midnight
Summary: Near the above town witnesses, including one Georg Miltenburger reported seeing a bizarre entity described as resembling a “burning man” or a man of fire. It was seen running over the hills, spitting fire from its nose and mouth. Some said that they could plainly see its burning ribs. It reportedly remained wandering around the mountainous area for quite some time.
Source: Michel Bougard, Inforespace # 23, And Jean Ferguson “Humanoids”
Date: 1130 and 1142
Location: CZECHOSLOVAKIA Prague
Time:
Summary: "Two fiery flying dragons" are passed over Prague (Henry DURRANT: "The black book of VS"
Source: - Laffont 1970-p 56).
Date: 1133
Location: China
Time:
Summary: "Golden Shitian Wen-chi": "Jin day Taizong of 10 years (1133) May Yi Chou, suddenly lost online on the south, are the complex it is."
Source:
Date: 1133
Location: Christchurch, Hampshire England
Time:
Summary: A group of clergymen from Laon went from town to town in Wessex, bringing with them the relics of the Virgin Mary, which enabled them to effect miraculous cures. Arrived in the city of Christchurch in Hampshire, they were amazed to see a dragon out of the sea "throwing fire through his nostrils"
Source: ("UFO Files", ed. Marshall Cavendish, 1998 Paris, Occasional, p. 3, 4)
Date: August 12, 1133
Location: japan
Time:
Summary: a large silver object would almost landed in Japan
Source: chronicles the UFO michel Bougard
Date: 1138 A.D.
Location: Germany (exact location not specified)
Time:
Summary: It was reported that a “dwarf” was captured in the cellar of a German monastery. It was very black and did not speak any known language. He was tied up briefly but the rope was slackened to see what he would do. He returned to the cellar where he was found and there raised a stone on the ground and disappeared through a tunnel where nobody was able to follow him. The mysterious tunnel was reportedly sealed with a cross.
Source: Jacques Bergier “Extraterrestrials throughout history”
Date: 1142
Location: Prague Czech Republic
Time:
Summary: fiery dragons were seen flying in the sky above Prague Czechoslovakia in 1130 and 1142 according to historians of the day. they also show us that in the 18th and 19th centuries flying objects were so frequent in children seens of Bohemia informed about them at school
Source: MUFON Journal in November 1967
Date: 1160
Location: thann Alsace France
Time:
Summary: apparurent three strange lights over the city of Alsace thann a chapel was built at the place of visiting to commemorate the miracle
Source: chronicles the UFO michel Bougard pa 67 68
Date: 1166
Location: China
Time:
Summary: "Xiaozong roads to two years (1166), Zhao Qingxian take a commitment on the Imperial Way House Division, to the summer months insomnia, Kai families enjoy fresh air, see the day full moon in the yard, such as, instead sigh, said: "moonlight good." fades under Russian Ting, Yuehen slightly reduced, Sri Lanka in the light off, looking radiant stars, but the evening is a dark day, in fact nobody knows what that light also. "
Source: "Yi Jian A Volume 19
Date: Christmas Eve 1167
Location:
Time:
Summary: annalles of Nicolas Trevet: two stars of the color of fire appeared in the western sky was one big one small first as they were welded to each other but then they separated some time very disctinctement
Source: chronicles the UFO michel Bougard
Date: 1168
Location: China
Time:
Summary: Following Chronicle ":" Xiaozong roads for four years (1168) Guichou February, five stars
Source:
Date: March 9, 1170
Location: St Ostwyth Sussex England
Time:
Summary: The twelfth century chronicler Ralph Niger reports that March 9, 1170, in St Ostwyth in Sussex, south-east England. The chronicler Ralph Niger twelfth century tells of a "dragon incredibly large" was observed, leaving Earth to fly through the air. The air was aflame with fire by his action and a house was burned to ashes, and its dependencies.
Source: ("UFO Files", ed. Marshall Cavendish, 1998 Paris, Special issue, p. 4)
Date: 1173 A.D.
Location: Woolpit, Suffolk, England
Time:
Summary: This village was named after its deep trenches in which wolves were formerly capture. One day local villagers were amazed to see two very unusual children crawling out of one of these trenches. A girl and a slightly younger boy, they were both dressed in strange clothing and spoke an unintelligible language. But by far the most striking characteristic of these children was their skin color, which was green. Unable to communicate with them, and thoroughly perplexed as to what should be done, the villagers took the girl and boy, who were weeping and very forlorn to the home of Sir Richard de Calne a local landowner. Here they remained treated with great care and kindness by Sir Richard and his servants. But the boy fell ill and in less than a year he had died. Happily however the girl survived and as she grew older her skin’s green hue gradually disappeared. She eventually married a man from King’s Lynn in Norfolk, a senior ambassador of Henry II according to some sources, and became known as Agnes Barre. During her years in Sir Richard’s household, Agnes learned English and was eventually able to reveal something about where she and her brother had come from and the manner in which they had reached Woolpit. She claimed that they were from a Christian place called St. Martin’s Land, where it was always twilight (and also where according to one medieval chronicler of this story, everything was green), and which was separated from a much sunnier place by a wide river. One day while tending their father’s flocks in a field, Agnes and her brother had been led away by the sound of church bells into an underground realm, and then somehow found themselves in Woolpit.
Source: Dr. Karl P. N. Shuker in Fate Magazine May 2001
Date: October 27, 1180
Location: Kii province, Japan
Time:
Summary: A term equivalent to our "flying saucer" was actually used by the Japanese approximately 700 years before it came into use in the West. Ancient documents describe an unusual shining object seen the night of October 27, 1180, as a flying "earthenware vessel." After a while the object, which had been heading northeast from a mountain in Kii province, changed its direction and vanished below the horizon, leaving a luminous trail.
Source: Jacques Vallee, "Passport to Magonia", pp. 4-5
Date: August 9, 1186
Location: County of Bedford Dunstable England
Time:
Summary: Benedict of Peterborough in his "Gesta Regis Henrici Secundum" said that at the ninth hour (about 14 hours) the sky opened suddenly and the laity and the clergy of the Abbey saw a very long and cross of astonishing dimensions. The appearance lasted until midnight. Walther Hemingford columnist and canon at Gisburn also reported the event in his "Chronica" but is in 1189, indicating that this cross was bright and white as silk.
By William of Newburgh is also against the event in 1189 but Dunstaple this time on the road to London and adds "one o'clock we saw the Emblem of the Lord and the form of a crucified man." But that's not all of these mysterious cross. The archives of the abbey of Dunstable relating majestic course the passage of a huge cross, high in the sky, from east to west, but this time the observation is made in 1217.
Source: (Michel BOUGARD: "The chronicle of UFO" - Delarge 1977 p.68-69)
Date: 1200
Location: jerusalem israel
Time:
Summary: an object would have hovered over Jerusalem for three days and would even come down on Golgotha that fact is reported by the English chronicler Matthew of Paris in his historia Anglorum
Source: chronicles the UFO michel Bougard
Date: 1207 A.D.
Location: Tilbury, England
Time:
Summary: Tilbury Gervase of Tilbury writes in Otio Imperialia about an aerial ship which caught its anchor on a pile of stones. An occupant came down from the ship and managed to free it, however he was asphyxiated by the atmosphere (?).
Source: http://www.bibleufo.com/ufos2.htm
Date: 1211 A.D.
Location: Gravesend, Kent, England
Time:
Summary: During a Sunday mass it is said that the congregation saw an anchor descend and catch on a tombstone in the churchyard. The churchgoers rushed outside to see a strange “ship” in the sky, with people on board. One occupant of the vessel leaped over the side, but did not fall, “as if swimming in water” he made his way through the air toward the anchor. The people on the ground tried to capture him. The man then hurried up to the ship. His companions cut the anchor rope, and the ship then “sailed out of sight”. The local blacksmith made ornaments from the abandoned anchor to decorate the church lectern.
Source: http://www.bibleufo.com/ufos2.htm
Date: end of the 12th century
Location: North Yorkshire, England
Time:
Summary: "At Byland, or Begeland Abbey (the largest Cistercian abbey in England), in the North Yorkshire Riding, while the abbot and monks were in the refectorium, a flat, round, shining, silvery object ["discus" is the word used in the Latin account] flew over the abbey and caused the utmost terror." William of Newburgh's Chronicle" of a flying saucer seen in England toward the end of the 12th century:
Source: Harold T. Wilkins, "Flying Saucers on the Attack", p.18
Date: 1218
Location: Munster and Cologne germany and holland leyde, GERMANY
Time:
Summary: as well as in Cologne and Munster in Leiden, they saw a formation of three crosses across the sky.
Source: (Michel BOUGARD: "The chronicle of UFO" - Delarge 1977 p.68-69)
Date: 1218
Location: Friesland Holland
Time:
Summary: There was even a blue cross on top of Friesland at the same time
Source: (Michel BOUGARD: "The chronicle of UFO" - Delarge 1977 p.68-69)
Date: November 30, 1222
Location: London England
Time:
Summary: of "dragons" are observed above the city. After observing severe storms cause major flooding
Source: [Mysterious Britain].
Location: Alverno ITALY
Time:
Summary: Brother Leo, companion of Francis of Assisi saw a fireball come down on Mount Alverno. Leon found the same night Francis in Ecstasy talking aloud with an invisible interlocutor.
Source: (Christiane Piens: "The UFO past" - Marabout 1977 - p. 48)
Location: China
Time:
Summary: Song Shao Lizong is four years (1231), Golden Isles are eight major under review, in March, Japan eclipsed, there is gas, such as Japan, with Ling.
Source: ("Ancient and Modern Library volume integration Niansan")
Date: September 24, 1235 A.D.
Location:
Time:
Summary: General Yoritsume was at military camp with his unit on September 24, 1235, when a most extraordinary phenomenon was sightned. Through the night and into the early morning lights in the sky were seen swinging, circling, and looping. General Yoritsume had some astronomers working for him investigate this phenomenon. They came up with perhaps the first explanation offered for UFOs, 'The whole thing is completely natural, General, it is only the wind making the stars sway'. The lights were seen in the southwest for many hours, swinging, circling, and moving in loops. The general ordered a "full-scale scientific investigation" of these strange events. The report finally submitted to him as the "soothing" ring of many contemporary explanations offered for UFO phenomena. In essence it read: "The whole thing is completely natural, General. It is... only the wind making the stars sway."
Source: Jacques Vallee, "Passport to Magonia", p.5
Date: July 24, 1239
Location: England
Time:
Summary: “On July 24, 1239 at dusk, but not when the stars came out, while the air was clear, serene and shining, a great star appeared. It was like a torch, rising from the south, and flying on both sides of it, there was emitted in the height of the sky a very great light. It turned quickly towards the north in the aery region, not quickly, nor, indeed, with speed, but exactly as it wished to ascend to a place high in the air.”
Source:
Date: January 1, 1254 A.D.
Location: St. Albans
Time: midnight
Summary: At midnight in the clear and serene sky with the stars shining and the moon eight days old, there suddenly appeared in the sky a kind of large ship, elegantly shaped, amd well-equipped of marvekous color. Certain monks of St. Albans saw it for a long time, as if it were painted, and a ship made of planks, but finally it began to disappear.”
Source:
Date: 1258
Location: Cologne Germany
Time:
Summary: USE OF FIREWORKS ROCKET IS ALREADY REPORTED IN 1258 IN THE CHRONICLE OF THE CITY.
Source: ("In Space Assault" Georges H. Gallet, ed. Of Modern Thought, p. 26)
Date: December 6, 1269
Location: Krakow Poland
Time:
Summary: Martin Cromer in his "History of Poland" says that on December 6, "at dusk, a strange cross-shaped brilliance shone high in the sky and lit up the city of Krakow."
Source: [Martin Cromer, History of Poland].
Date: 1269, December 6
Location:
Time:
Summary: Martin Cromer in his columns at dusk reported a strange light in form conjured up a cross, strongly lit the city of Krakow and its surroundings, like a powerful searchlight.
Source: (Michel BOUGARD: "The chronicle of UFO" - Delarge 1977 p.70)
Date: 1270
Location: England, Bristol
Time:
Summary: A spaceship was seen, which landed and an occupant came down from a ladder and was suffocated in the Earth's atmosphere.
Source:
Date: September 12, 1271
Location: Tatsunokuchi, Kamakura
Time:
Summary: the famous priest Nichiren was about to be beheaded at Tatsunokuchi, Kamakura, when there appeared in the sky an object like a full moon, shiny and bright. Needless to say, the officials panicked and the execution was not carried out.
Source:
Location: Tatsunokuchi, Kamakura, Japan
Time:
Summary: the priest Nichiren was about to be beheaded at Tatsunokuchi, Kamakura, appears in the sky when a flying object like the full moon, bright and shiny. The authorities are panicked and the execution does not occur
Source: [Vallee 1969].
Location: Baoding Hebei China
Time:
Summary: Extract of Liu Ying: I get up at dawn and through the window, I very bright nearby star that crosses the Milky Way. Now I see three bright objects appear in the southern sky, two fly away and disappear suddenly from my sight. One who remains has five unequal lights under it and on its upper part I noticed something domed. The unknown object begins to zigzag, like a dead leaf. At the same time something falls from the sky on fire. Shortly after the sun rises but its luster is tarnished by the luminous object that moves rapidly in the direction of north. In the western sky, a green cloud is suddenly shaken by another unknown object, oval, flat, going down quickly. This item has more than three meters long, is surrounded by burning flames, shortly after it began its descent. . (SHI BO: "China and the aliens' ed. Mercure de FRANCE, 1983, p.37)June 3, 1277 Baoding Hebei China
Extract of Liu Ying: I get up at dawn and through the window, I very bright nearby star that crosses the Milky Way. Now I see three bright objects appear in the southern sky, two fly away and disappear suddenly from my sight. One who remains has five unequal lights under it and on its upper part I noticed something domed. The unknown object begins to zigzag, like a dead leaf. At the same time something falls from the sky on fire. Shortly after the sun rises but its luster is tarnished by the luminous object that moves rapidly in the direction of north. In the western sky, a green cloud is suddenly shaken by another unknown object, oval, flat, going down quickly. This item has more than three meters long, is surrounded by burning flames, shortly after it began its descent. .
Source: (SHI BO: "China and the aliens' ed. Mercure de FRANCE, 1983, p.37)
Date: 1290 A.D.
Location: Byland, North Yorkshire
Time:
Summary: While the abbot and monks were in the refectorium, a flat round, shining, silvery object (discus) flew over the abbey and caused the utmost terror.”
Source:
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Does the ancient symbolism employed by the institutions that control modern medicine reflect the influence of secret societies such as the Freemasons? In order to fully understand the esoteric significance of modern medical symbolism, such as the cross, or Ankh, or the serpents and staff of Moses, or the winged staff of Hermes, it is helpful to begin by understanding that all doctors swear to pagan gods. The Hippocratic Oath, which is sworn by all doctors, begins with the invocation: "I swear by Apollo the Physician. By Aesculapius, Hygela and Panacea, and I take to witness all the gods and goddesses..."[1] Dr Robert Orr showed in 1993 that 100% of American medical schools administer some form of the Hippocratic Oath to graduates.[2] |
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Dr James Appleyard, Chairman of the World Medical Association's medical ethics committee, supports the modern use of the ancient Hippocratic oath as "the continuation of a statement of fundamental ethical principles that could be affirmed at graduation by doctors worldwide".[3] The World Medical Association's logo[4] features a serpent wrapped around a staff, the symbol of the ancient Greek god Asklepios. Aesculapius, worshipped by the Greeks as the god of healing, who originated in ancient Egypt as Imhotep, high-priest, sage and minister to the pharaoh, Zoser. It is significant that this symbol is reminiscent of the Staff of Moses.[5] The World Health Organisation's logo[6] also contains the ancient religious symbol of the serpent and staff, which is superimposed over the United Nations emblem. In fact, the medical establishment is steeped in ancient religious symbolism. The British Columbia Medical Association coat of arms[7] includes the Rod of Aesculapius, a golden griffin where the substance represents alchemy, a medieval knight's helmet, and an ancient Egyptian Ankh (Crux Ansata or Handled Cross). The Insider approves of their official motto: "Always seek the truth." Paramedics also use the symbol of staff and serpent in the internationally recognised paramedic symbol[8], also called The Star of Life[9]. The resemblence between this sign and the early Christian symbol of the Pax Christi (Chi-Rho)[10], a cross-like monogram for Christ in ancient Greek, may be significant. The Wellcome Trust, a major medical charity, employs the winged staff and snakes of Hermes[11] as their official logo, and for no apparent reason there is a huge image of the ancient Egyptian religious symbols of the Udjat eye of Horus and the Winged Disc of Ra,
etched into the glass above their entrance opposite Euston train station in the West End of London. The winged sun disc is an ancient symbol for the sun god, Ra.
Well known examples of the winged solar disc symbol can be found in ancient Egyptian temples, for instance over the entrance to the Solar Temple of Amen-Ra at Karnak,
or or over the Temple doorway in Medinet Habu on the West bank of Luxor.
The Royal Society of Medicine coat of arms[12] features the serpent of Moses on a Tau cross, and flowers which resemble the stylised Lotus frequently depicted in ancient Egyptian art. In this discussion about secret societies and the modern of ancient symbols it is pertinent that The Royal Society - the foremost scientific institution in the U.K., was founded by a prominent Freemason, Sir Robert Moray.[13] John Robinson explains in his popular book on Freemasonry: "When Freemasonry came public in 1717 ... it appeared that the Royal Society was virtually a Masonic subsidiary, with almost every member and every founding member of the Royal Society a Freemason."[14] An article in the leading Masonic magazine, Freemasonry Today, echoes this and mentions that "many masons were also members of the Royal Society".[15] The Royal Society remains associated with British Freemasonry today. The Red Cross was first associated with human welfare and medical help during the medieval crusades, when European Knights travelled overseas to help pilgrims and foreigners alike, such as the Knights of St John[16], the Knights Hospitaller, and the Knights Templar[17] which was the first organisation to officially adopt the red cross symbol. The Knights Templar[18] has been operating in secret for centuries, and traditions and inner mysteries are connected with those of the secret society of Freemasonry[19]. |
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Is this who started our civilization?
And is this where they came from?
It is commonly believed that man first evolved into what we are today, both physically and mentally, and organized into a civilization, somewhere in Africa. It’s for this reason that Africa, particularly the Sumeria region, is known as “The Cradle of Civilization”. In fact, recent aeriel photographs have revealed that these early settlements were even more organized and expansive than we ever imagined. However, this begs the question: Did we do it ourselves? How did early man, fresh off the evolutionary jump from Homo-Erectus to Homo Sapien, create expansive civilizations, complete with deep shafts for mining gold and an organized agricultural system? The answer to many: They had help from above. The “above” they speak of ? Outer space,; and the help is thought to have come from humanoid extraterrestrials from “Nibiru”, a planet within our very own solar system.
Did man have help organizing this society?
In Zecharia Sitchin’s acclaimed work Twelfth Planet, he became the first person to pose the theory that “planet x” (a planet never discovered, but theorized by astronomers as a reason for certain gravitational and orbital anomalies amongst the discovered planets) is actually “Nibiru”. Nibiru, which possesses a long, elliptical orbit that causes it to only pass through the inner solar system about every 3600 years, is also believed to have created the earth when it collided with “Tiamat”. Tiamat, a planet believed to have existed between Mars and Jupiter, is thought to have split it into pieces upon the collision, and one of those pieces became our planet. According to Sitchin’s interpretations of Mesopotamian lore (Mesopotamia is the region in which Sumeria is located), Nibiru was home to an advanced culture of humanoids known as the Annunaki, and it’s the Annunaki who are responsible for Sumeria and it’s surrounding areas becoming so advanced so quickly.
Annunaki?
It’s believed that on one of Nibiru’s passes through the inner solar system, the Annunaki, with the aid of both space-crafts and possibly stargates, came down to our primitive planet to search for minerals, particularly gold. Upon finding gold in Africa, they set out upon the task of mining it, and had to set up camp in places like Sumeria. The indigenous population at the time consisted of animals and homo-erectus (primitive humans), who revered the earth bound Annunaki as gods. Eventually, the working class Annunaki that were stuck here on earth got tired of performing the grueling labor that is mine work, and revolted against their leaders. In order to restore peace to the Annunaki society, their leaders needed to find a new source of labor, and the Annunaki on earth had the perfect candidates: humans. However, in their current state of evolution, they couldn’t perform the tasks of the Annunaki workers, so the Annunaki decided to give humanity the “jump start” it would need to do their work for them.
Was the "Cradle of Civilization" seeded by visitors from another world?
What was this “jump start”? How would to humans establishing a civilization? Read on to Part 2 of “Annunaki and Nibiru: The origins of civilization?” to find out…
Read more http://otherworldmystery.com/annunaki-and-nibiru-the-origins-of-civilization
from Green Gold: the Tree of Life, Marijuana in Magic and Religion
by Chris Bennett, Lynn Osburn, and Judy Osburn
CONTENTS
1. The Knights Templar and Cannabis
2. Sufi Alchemists and the Grail Myth
3. The Alchemist Monk Francois Rabalais
4. Medieval Alchemists and Cannabis
5. The Hashish Club
1. The Knights Templar and Cannabis
The alchemical information about cannabis use was reintroduced into Europe after the Dark Ages, when the Knights Templar, founded by Hugh de Payns (“of the Pagans”) around the beginning of the twelfth century, became involved in a trade of goods and knowledge with the hashish ingesting Isma’ilis. This knowledge was passed on from Eastern adepts and handed down esoterically through the medieval alchemists, Rosicrucians[1] and later on to the most influential occultists of the late nineteenth and early twentieth century.
Modern Freemasonry is also said to have been derived from ancient Templar knowledge, which in turn came from earlier Arabic sources. “Sufi ism,” said Sir Richard Burton, was “the Eastern parent of Freemasonry.” However, the modern day Freemasons, the religion of the Businessman and Banker,[2] for the most part are practicing empty rituals the meaning of which has been long forgotten. But some mystic Masons like Gerard de Nerval, one of the members of the famous Le Club Des Haschischins, were well aware of this Arabic origin for modern Freemasonry. Nerval commented on it in one of his books, much to the horror of many Masons of the time. Nerval published a 700 page memoir, Voyage en Orient, and released information considered sacred by Masons concerning the Master Builder Hiram, which is a pivotal part of their secret rituals. As the authors of The Temple and the Lodge commented:
Nerval not only recited the basic narrative. He also divulged — for the first time, to our knowledge — a skein of eerie mystical traditions associated in Freemasonry with Hiram’s background and pedigree. What is particularly curious is that Nerval makes no mention of Freemasonry whatsoever. Pretending that his narrative is a species of regional folk-tale, never known in the West before, he claims to have heard it orally recited by a Persian raconteur, in a Constantinople coffee-house.
Idries Shaw, the Grand Sheik of the Sufi s and historian of their faith, commented on the connection between the Templars and the Sufis:
That the Templars were thinking in terms of the Sufi , and not the Solomonic, Temple in Jerusalem, and its building, is strongly suggested by one important fact. “Temple” churches which they erected, such as one in London, were modeled upon the Temple as found by the Crusaders, not upon any earlier building. This Temple was none other than the octagonal Dome of the Rock, built in the seventh century on a Sufi mathematical design, and restored in 913. The Sufi legend of the building of the Temple accords with the alleged Masonic version. As an example we may note that the “Solomon” of the Sufi Builders is not King Solomon but the Sufi “King” Maaruf Karkhi (died 815), disciple of David (Daud of Tai, died 781) and hence by extension considered the son of David, and referenced cryptically as Solomon — who was the son of David. The Great murder commemorated by the Sufi Builders is not that of the person (Hiram) supposed by the Masonic tradition to have been killed. The martyr of the Sufi Builders is Mansur el-Hallaj (858-922), juridically murdered because of the Sufi secret, which he spoke in a manner which could not be understood, and thus was dismembered as a heretic.’ — Idries Shaw, The Sufis
Mansur el Hallaj, an outspoken advocate of intoxication as means to spiritual ecstasy, is stated to have been the founder of the still existing Order Templar Orientis in their official documentation, either written by, or under the supervision of the great hashish initiate Aleister Crowley, who at one time was a grand master of the Order. Interestingly el-Hallaj is also connected with the pre-European history of alchemy . Not surprisingly many have credited the Templars with being a vital link in this chain of transmission.
The Order of Knights of the Temple was founded in the Holy Land in 1118 A.D. Its organization was based on that of the Saracean fraternity of “Hashish im,” “hashish-takers,” whom Christians called Assassins. The Templars first headquarters was a wing of the royal palace of Jerusalem next to the al-Aqsa mosque, revered by the Shi’ites as the central shrine of the Goddess Fatima. Western Romances, inspired by Moorish Shi’ite poets, transformed this Mother-Shrine into the Temple of the Holy Grail , where certain legendary knights called Templars gathered to offer their service to the Goddess, to uphold the female principles of divinity and to defend women. These knights became more widely known as Galahad, Perceval, Lohengrin, etc. —Barbara Walker, The Woman’s Encyclopedia of Myths and Secrets
The authors of The Holy Blood and the Holy Grail also comment on the liaison between the Templars and Isma’ili’s: “Secret connections were also maintained with the Hashish im or Assassins, the famous sect of militant and often fanatical adepts who were Islam’s equivalent of the Templars .” The authors also comment that “the Templars ’ need to treat wounds and illness made them adepts in the use of drugs.” And the Order; “in advance of their time regarded epilepsy not as demonic possession but as a controllable disease.” Interestingly cannabis is the safest natural or synthetic medication proven successful in the treatment of some forms of epilepsy.[3]
Most (scholars) agree that the Templars “had adopted some of the mysterious tenets of the Eastern Gnostics.” — Walker, quoting, R.P. Knight, The Symbolic Language of Ancient Art and Mythology
The famed New Age author, and modern day “stoned philosopher” Robert Anton Wilson, wrote a whole book on the Templars, putting forth a theory that they were practicing a form of Arabic Tantrism, and ingesting hashish , a technique they had picked up from their contact with the Assassins. Unfortunately Wilson offers no documentation, but does comment that; "ambiguous references to a sacred plant or herb appear in their [the Templars ] surviving manuscripts.”[4]
The Templars had acquired a great deal of wealth, a fleet of ships and a strong army of warriors who fought by a creed of never retreating unless the odds were more than three to one. Some began to feel threatened by the wealth and power the Order had attained. In a joint effort orchestrated by King Philip (who had been rejected membership into the sect) and Pope Clement V, the Templars were accused of heresy. Among the many criminal accusations against the Templars were mocking the cross, sodomy[5] and worshipping a mysterious idol in the form of a head. The Templars were also accused of tying a sacred cord around their waist, which was said to have been consecrated by pressing it against the mysterious head.
The spiritual descendants of Zoroastrianism, the modern Parsi, each day tie a sacred cord around their waist as part of the ancient Kusti ritual. The Templar practice of the Zoroastrian Kusti ritual indicates a tradition of knowledge going back through the Isma’ilis (witness the similarities between their seven grade initiations, with those of the cult of Mithra s) to earlier Gnostic and Zoroastrian influences.
If the Templars trampled the crucifix, they may have copied the example of Arab dervishes who ceremonially rejected the cross with the words, “You may have the Cross, but we have the meaning of the cross.” — Idries Shaw, The Sufis
The crucifixion is a major tenet of Roman Catholicism that has been denied by a number of groups dating back to the earliest days of Christianity. The Gnostic s were killed for repudiating it. The largest massacre in Roman Catholic Church history was over this very tenet when the Albigensian Crusade took place and 30,000 soldiers were sent forth by the Papacy to slaughter 15,000 men, women and children — slaughtered not for denying Christ and his teachings, but for denying his crucifixion. (See chapters 19 and 20, Goddess and the Grail and The Resurrection.)
In The Sufis, Idries Shaw states the Templars ’ worship of a mysterious head could well be a reference to the great work of transhumanisation that takes place in the aspirant’s own head.
The Golden Head (sar-i-tilai) is a Sufi phrase used to refer to a person whose inner consciousness has been “transmuted into gold” by means of Sufi study and activity, the nature of which it is not permissible to convey here. — Idries Shah, The Sufis
We propose in this study that the mysterious head worshipped by the Templars may have actually been some sort of a vessel or cauldron, like the head of Bran the Blessed in Celtic mythology [6] or a later day version of the Mahavira Vessel .
In “The Mahavira Vessel and the Plant Putika, ” Stella Kramrisch describes a plant which she connects with the mysterious soma.[7] The Mahavira Vessel, like the Templars mysterious idol, is referred to as a head. To the ancient worshipper the Mahavira vessel represented the decapitated head of Makha, from whose wound flowed forth the Elixir of Life.
The Templars were rounded up and arrested on Friday the thirteenth (the origin of the “bad luck” associated with this combination), October, 1307. Although put through the extreme tortures that the Inquisition was so famous for, the vast majority of the Templars denied the charges. Of course the inquisitors coerce a small number of admissions of guilt. When subjected to excruciating pain, people will most often admit to whatever their questioners want to hear. The court repeatedly refused to hear depositions from no fewer than 573 witnesses. Some Templars managed to escape, but the majority were burned at the stake. A witness to the event stated:
All of them, with no exception, refused to admit any of their alleged crimes, and persisted in saying they were being put to death unjustly which caused great admiration and immense surprise.[8] — Stephen Howarth, The Knights Templar
For this act Dante, who was inspired by Sufi authors, in his Inferno, places both King Philip and Clement V firmly in Hell.[9]
Baigent and Leigh speculate in The Temple and the Lodge that some of the Templars may have escaped to Scotland. They point to medieval graves with Templar insignias, and Templar style churches (round) as evidence. Scotland was at war with England at the time of the Templars ’ persecution, and in the resulting chaos the Papal Bulls dissolving the Order were never proclaimed there. Comparatively, according to Professors Graeme Whittington and Jack Jarvis of the University of Saint Andrews in Fife, Scotland, hemp was grown agriculturally in tenth century Scotland. Sediment from Kilconquhar Lock, near Fife, contained cannabis pollen . Cannabis from around the same time has been found in East Anglia, Wales and in Finland. The hemp was found to have been grown in areas occupied by religious groups of the time. Jarvis commented in an Omni interview, “the decline of these ecclesiastical establishments may have coincided with a decline in the growing of hemp.”
In a letter to Chris Bennett, dated November 6, 1992, Dr. Alexander Sumach, author of Grow Yer Own Stone and A Treasury of Hashish stated:
You are on to some interesting views. The Templars were active in only rare goods — which were tax free. Silks, drugs, astronomical equipment. Cannabis as a confection — not a pipe was their toy. Turkish delight. They grew fields of hemp for canvas and rope to equip their vast fleet that traveled far and wide. Check out the connection between the Mic Mac Indian myth hero “Glooslap” who may have been a Templar in Nova Scotia. He taught the Indians to fish with nets. Cartier, centuries later saw the natives with neat hemp clothing made from native hemp. Cartier was from a hemp district in France, knew all about ships. If he called it hemp....
Mircea Eliade commented on the potential connections between the Templars and the Grail Myth (also known as the Fisher King and The Perlesvaus). He stated in A History of Religious Ideas Vol. III that in a twelfth century text of the legend, the knights were members of a group referred to as Templeisen. He adds: “A Hermetic [alchemical] influence on Parzival seems plausible, for Hermetecism begins to become known in twelfth-century Europe following massive translations of Arabic works.” The scholar further comments on the secret languages, symbols and passwords that were in use in Europe at that time.
Wolfram Von Escchenbach wrote his version of the myth, Parzival, sometime between 1195 and 1220. Interestingly Wolfram is also said to have paid a “special visit to Outremer,” a Templar outpost, “to witness the Order in action.” In Wolfram’s version of the tale the Templars are the knights who guard the Grail and the Grail castle. R. Barber contends in Knight and Chivalry that Perlesvaus, written by an anonymous author, may well have been penned by a Templar.
The Templars appear in The Perlesvaus not just as military men, but also as high mystical initiate s. This is indicative, for the Templars were only too eager to reinforce the popular image of themselves as magi, as wizards or sorcerers, as necromancers, as alchemist, as sages privy to lofty arcane secrets. And indeed, it was precisely this image that rebounded upon them and provided their enemies with the means of their destruction. — Baigent and Leigh, The Temple and the Lodge .
2. Sufi Alchemists and the Grail Myth
Marcel Eliade has commented that there may be a Zoroastrian (here referred to as Parsi) origin for the Grail Myth: “In a work published in 1939, the Parsi Scholar Sir Jahangir C. Coyajee has also remarked upon the analogy between the Grail and the Iranian Glory, xvarenah , and the similarities between the legends of Arthur and those of the fabulous King Kay Khorsaw.” Interestingly the xvarenah mentioned, is the same substance the sacred Haoma was said to be rich in. Eliade goes on to say that in one of the many forms of the legend, the Grail is found in India: “Let us add that in the cycle of compositions posterior to Wolfram Von Eschenbauch, the Grail is won in India by Lohengrin, Parzival’s son, accompanied by all the knights .”
Barbara Walker tells us that the whole wasteland motif is of an Arab origin, and that the early crusaders brought it back to Europe believing that if the grail were not recovered then the wasteland that befell the Saudi-Arabian dessert would befall their more fertile land.[10]
The story about Parzival and his son is closely paralleled in the following account given by Idries Shaw in The Sufis: The first Sufi record of a teaching journey to England—such is contained in the travels of Najmuddin (Star of Faith) Gwath-ed-Dahar. He was born about 1232, or perhaps earlier. His son ”followed his father’s footsteps” from India to China in 1338. The first Najmuddin was a disciple of the illustrious Nizamuddin Awlia of Delhi, who sent him to Rum (Turkey) to study under Khidr Rumi. Khidr Rumi’s full name was Sayed Khidr Rumi Khapradri — the Cupbearer of Turkestan. It will be remembered that the Khidr order (equated with the Garter) has as its slogan a salutation to the cupbearer. This cup had miraculous qualities.
Idries Shaw’s comments on the cupbearer and the cup’s miraculous qualities parallel the Grail myth immensely. Further examination of Shaw’s comments shed even more illumination on the subject. First, let us look at the name Khidr , which is also spelled Khizr. It is a Moslem name used in reference to the Biblical prophet Elijah. As J.M. Campbell recorded in his classic 1894 essay, “On the Religion of Hemp :”
In his devotion to bhang , with reverence, not with the worship, which is due to Allah alone, The North Indian Mussulman joins hymning to the praise of bhang. To the follower of the later religion of Islam the holy spirit in bhang is not the spirit of the Almighty, it is the spirit of the great prophet Khizr, or Elijiah. That bhang should be sacred to Khizr is natural, Khizr is the patron saint of water. Still more Khizr means green, the revered color of the cooling water of bhang ;. So the Urdu poet sings “When I quaff fresh bhang I liken its color to the fresh light down of thy youthful beard.” The prophet Khizr or the green prophet cries “May the drink be pleasing to thee.”
Peter Lamborn Wilson makes the following comments on the Sufi term, Saki-Khaneh, House of the Cupbearer:
The saki or wine serving boy is a symbol of the Beloved or the spiritual master in Sufi poetry, but in Pakistan saki-khaneh is a slang term for a tea house that serves charas and bhang .” — Scandal: Essays in Islamic Heresy
Shaw comments on the connections between the Arab Khidr Order and the famous British group, the Order of the Garter:
The early records of the Order of the Garter are lost. Its patron saint was St. George , who is equated in Syria, where his cult originates, with the mysterious Khidr -figure of the Sufi s. It was in fact called the Order of St. George, which would translate direct into Sufi phraseology as Tarika-i-Hadrat-i-Khidr (the Order of St. Khidr ). It became known as the Order of the Garter. The word “garter” in Arabic is the same as the word for the Sufi mystical tie or bond.
The modern day Order of the Garter traces its origins to the Knights of the Round Table and is attributed to Saint George, who is by tradition considered to be the patron Saint of England. History provides little factual records of who Saint George was and what his actual exploits were. “Folklore named the pagan savior, Green George, a spirit of spring. His image was common in old church carvings, a human head surrounded by leaves.”[11]
He is probably best remembered as the slayer of the dragon in a story that is found in twelfth century literature. A Muslim writer in about AD 900 compared St. George with the Mesopotamian God Tammuz. Moslems also identified St. George with the mysterious prophet Khidr , known as the Verdant One and whose footsteps leave a green imprint. Khidr shares his day, 23 April, with the Saint. — William Anderson, The Archetype of Our Oneness with the Earth
Scholar Sula Benet made the following comments on a tale that closely resembles that of Saint George : “In the Ukraine there is a legend of a dragon who lived in Kiev, oppressing the people and demanding tribute. The dragon was killed and the city liberated by a man wearing a hemp shirt.”[12]
In the story of the Grail legend Parzival was sent on a quest for the Grail, the cup Christ drank from at the last supper which was thought to contain the power to heal the ailing King. In medieval times the people believed the state of the land coincided with the health of the king, and since the King was dying, the land in turn was becoming barren.
Comparatively, in Rabelais ’ Pantagruel , which is a parody of the Grail myth, and contains occult references to cannabis, we find the following passage referring to the herb Pantagruel ion, which is now known to be hemp :
...in the season of the great draught, when they were busiest gathering the said herb; to wit, at that time when Icarus’s dog, with his fiery balling and barking at the sun, maketh the whole world troglodytic and enforceth people everywhere to hide themselves in the dens and subterranean caves. It is likewise called Pantagruel ion, because of the notable and singular qualities, virtues, and properties thereof; for as Pantagruel[13] hath been the idea, pattern prototype and exemplar of all jovial perfection and accomplishment; so in this Pantagruelion have I found so much efficacy and energy, so much completeness and excellency, so much exquisiteness and rarity, and so many admirable effects and operations of a transcendent nature that if the worth and virtue therof had been known, when those trees, by the relation of the prophet, made election of a wooden king, to rule and govern over them, it without all doubt would have carried away from all the rest the plurality of votes and suffrages.[14]
One could make a modern analogy of the Grail Myth. Mankind represents the dying king who has forgotten his divinity. The polluted and stripped earth is the wasteland caused by this sickness. The rediscovered knowledge of hemp ’s many uses in the effort to heal ourselves, those around us and the earth,[15]
could be said to represent the Grail . And our mission to end marijuana prohibition is the Quest.
There is no mystery why so few references to cannabis can be found in Medieval European literature; while embracing wine as a sacrament, the Inquisition outlawed cannabis ingestion in Spain in the twelfth century and France in the thirteenth. Anyone using hemp spiritually, medicinally, or otherwise was labeled “witch.”
Saint Joan of Arc, for example, was accused in 1430-31 of using a variety of herbal “witch” drugs, including cannabis, to hear voices. — J. Herer, The Emperor Wears No Clothes. In keeping with the medieval church’s war on all things Arabic, including bathing, Pope Innocent VIII issued a papal fiat in 1484 condemning the use of cannabis in the “satanic mass.” — A. De Passquale, “Farmacognosia della Canape Indiana”[16]
So after cannabis prohibitions of the fifth, twelfth and thirteenth centuries, hemp was re-condemned this time as an unholy sacrament of the second and third types of satanic mass.[17]
This religious prohibition lasted more than 150 years.
In The Sufis, Idries Shaw tells us there is an Arab origin for the European witches: “Who brought the witches to the West? In the medieval form, from which most of our information derives, undoubtedly the Aniza tribe.” Pointing to evidence like the similarities between the witches circle and the circular dance of the medieval dervishes, Arab words used in witches’ spells, and the use of hallucinogenic plants in both systems, Shaw puts forth a reasonable argument that modern witches can find at least a part of their origin in a group founded by Abu el-Atahiyya (748–828):
His circle of disciples, the Wise Ones, commemorated him in a number of ways after his death. To signify his tribe, they adopted the goat, cognate with his tribal name (Anz, Aniza). A torch between goat horns (“the devil” in Spain as it later became) symbolized for them the light of illumination from the intellect (head) of the “goat,” the Aniza teacher. His wasm (tribal brand) was very much like a broad arrow, also called an eagle’s foot. This sign, known to the witches as the goosefoot, became the mark for their places of meeting. After Atahiyya’s death before the middle of the ninth century, tradition has it that a group from his school migrated to Spain, which had been under Arab rule for over a century at that time. — I. Shaw, The Sufis
3. The Alchemist Monk Francois Rabelais
One brave philosopher who dared to challenge the ban on hemp in medieval Europe was the Benedictine monk and qualified Bachelor of Medicine, Francois Rabelais (1494-1553). Rabelais was familiar with the alchemical writings of the Sufi s, via Avicienna, as well as the medieval Templars , referring to the good knights of the Templar a number of times in his works, indicating he was most likely sympathetic with their cause.
Like the Templars , Rabelais suffered the harsh persecution from both the Roman Catholic Church and the civil authorities. The Papacy and political rulers were angered over the contents of his famous books Gargantua and Pantagruel , which made a mockery of both church and state and also contained many hidden references to things occult. We are here more concerned with the books of good Pantagruel , which is based around a parody of the Grail myth. The books of Pantagruel also contain references to hemp which were written esoterically.
The Life of Gargantua and Pantagruel by Francois Rabelais is an esoteric work, a novel in cant. The good cure of Meudon reveals himself in it as a great initiate , as well as a first class cabalist. — Fulcanelli, Master Alchemist, Le Mystere des Cathederales
The 20th century alchemist, Fulcanelli also referred to this language of cant, as the Language of the Birds, echoing the Sufi author Attar’s Conference of Birds (see chapter 14, Moslem World), a mystic ode to hashish . Author Kenneth Rayner Johnson comments on this language of cant in The Fulcanelli Phenomena:
All initiate s, Fulcanelli states, spoke in cant — including the masons who built the cathedrals and who were the operative predecessors of today's speculative Freemasons. Eventually he maintains, the “language verte” or “green language” (green...being the color of initiation in the secret societies referred to earlier) became the mode of speech of the poor, humble and oppressed. An indication of this fact can be discerned in the use of “rythming slang” among London’s Cockneys, or in the jargon of “hip” or “jive-talk” originally derived from American Negro blues artists and other musicians.
Fulcanelli says:
“It remains the language of a minority of individuals, living outside accepted laws, conventions, customs and etiquette. The term voyous (street-arabs), that is to say voyants (seers), is applied to them and the even more expressive term, sons or children of the sun….” — Quoted by Kenneth Rayner Johnson, The Fulcanelli Phenomenon
Of particular interest to us must be the most oblique segments of Pantagruel , Book III, chapters 49-52 [the chapters concerning hemp ]. For long periods these chapters were banned by the church, and in many modern translations of Pantagruel they are omitted. — Ben Price, “Where the Pantagruelion Grows”[18]
Some years before he wrote his book, Rabelais was temporarily imprisoned in his monastery, when he and another brother started studying Greek works. At that time the Greek language was considered heretical because conflicting New Testament material written by patriarchs of the Byzantine Christian Church was written in Greek and opened up the possibility of criticism of the Roman Catholic Church. Also, Pagan and Gnostic texts were written in Greek. It is not clear what the nature of the information in the original Greek text was, but from what history has recorded, the church leaders must have felt threatened by it. Rabelais managed to obtain an indult (special exemption) from Pope Clement VII and went on to write his famous Works. Unfortunately little is known of Rabelais after his books were published. He virtually disappeared in the midst of outrage from church and state over their publication.
In the introduction Rabelais gives readers the following hint of the hidden information contained in his book:
Following the dog’s example, you will have to be wise in sniffing, smelling and estimating these fine and meaty books; swiftness in the chase and boldness in the attack are what is called for; after which, by careful reading and frequent meditation, you should break the bone and suck the substantific marrow in the course of it you will find things of quite a different taste and a doctrine more abstruse which shall reveal to you most high “sacraments” and horrific mysteries in what concerns our religion, as well as the state of our political and economic life. — Rabelais , Pantagruel As a free thinker not willing to risk his cherished well-being in a society hostile to what went on in his head, Rabelais chose to keep his thoughts private, but not unshared. He shared them with rare individuals who, like himself, were undaunted by their own irreverence, and who were capable thereby of circumventing the rigid convention of literary and grammatical tradition. Through an early form of surrealism, he conveyed his message to those who were not too rigid in their perceptions to understand it. — Ben Price, “Where the Pantagruel ion Grows”
In Pantagruel , Rabelais gives a distinct description of hemp , which he calls “The Herb Pantagruelion:”[19] The leaves sprout out all round the stalk at equal distances, to the number of five or seven at each level; and it is by special favor of Nature that they are grouped in these two odd numbers, which are both divine and mysterious. The scent is strong, and unpleasant to delicate nostrils.
Rabelais goes on to describe the familiar applications of hemp pulp and fiber:
Without this herb, kitchens would be detested, the tables of dining rooms abhorred, although there were great plenty and variety of most dainty and sumptuous dishes of meat set down upon them; and the choicest beds also, how richly so ever adorned with gold, silver, amber, ivory, prophyry, and the mixture of most precious metals, would without it yield no delight or pleasure to the reposer in them. Without it millers could neither carry wheat, nor any other kind of corn, to the mill; nor would they be able to bring back from thence flour, or any other sort of meal whatsoever. Without it, how could the papers and writs of lawyers' clients be brought to the bar? Seldom is the mortar, lime or plaster brought to the workhouse without it. Without it how should the water be got out of the draw well? In what case would tabellions, notaries, copists, makers of counterparts, writers, clerks, secretaries, scriviners, and such like persons be without it? Were it not for it, what would become of the toll-rates and rent-rolls? Would not the noble art of printing perish without it? Whereof could the chassis or paper windows be made? How should the bells be rung ? The altars of Isis are adorned therewith; the pastophorian priests are therewith clad and accourted; and whole human nature covered and wrapped therein, at its first position and production in, and into this world; all the lanific trees of Seres, the bumbast and cotton bushes in the territories near the Persian sea, and gulph of Bengala: the Arabian swans, together with the plants of Maltha, do not all of them cloath, attire and apparel so many persons as this herb alone. Soldiers are now-a-days much better sheltered under it, than they were in former times, when they lived in tents covered with skins. It overshadows the theatres and amphitheatres from the heat of the scorching sun; it begirdeth and encompasseth forests, chases, parks, copses and groves, for the pleasure of hunters; it descendeth into the salt and fresh of both sea and river waters, for the profit of fishers; by it are boots of all sizes, buskins, gamashes, brodkins, gambados, shoes, pumps, slippers, and every cobbled ware wrought and made steadable for the use of man; by it the butt and rover-bows are strung, the crossbows bended, and the slings made fixed; and, as if it were an herb every whit as holy as the verveine, and reverenced by ghosts, spirits, hobgoblins, fiends and phantoms, the bodies of deceased men are never buried without it.
Rabelais tells us the hero of his tale, Pantagruel , a giant named after the said herb, loaded for a voyage and, “amongst other things, it was observed how he caused to be fraught and loaded with an herb of his called Pantagruel ion, not only of the green and raw sort of it, but of the confected also.” The confection Rabelais refers to is the edible Turkish delight — a hashish confection.
Rabelais was so enamored with hemp that in his estimation it stood at the very pinnacle of plant life: “in this pantagruel ion have I found so much efficacy and energy, so much completeness and excellency, so much exquisiteness and rarity, and so many admirable effects and operations of a transcendent nature....”
It is interesting that Rabelais speaks of hemp ’s transcendent nature. Rabelais was more than familiar with the alchemical literature that circulated so covertly at that time, and he incorporated the secret language of this hidden art into his writings. Alchemical and occult literature often refer to connecting an individual’s feminine and masculine aspects together in a unified force, as marrying your Goddess, or the marriage of the sun (masculine, left-brain, analytical, rational) and the moon (feminine, right-brain, analogical, creative). This theme appears again and again in medieval occult literature, and most likely has its roots in a much earlier tradition. Francois Rabelais hinted at a connection between hemp and this spiritual marriage. He ends one of the chapters devoted to the herb Pantagruel ion stating that by means of this herb mankind might discover an even more powerful herb and ascend to the heavens:
Who knows but by his sons may be found out an herb of such another virtue and prodigious energy, as that by the aid thereof, in using it aright, according to their father’s skill, they may contrive a way for human kind to pierce into the high aërian clouds, get up into the spring head of the hail, take an inspection of the snowy sources…; then it is like they will set forward to invade the territories of the moon, whence passing thro’ both Mercury and Venus, the Sun will serve them for a torch, to show the way to Jupiter and Saturn. We shall not then be able to resist the impetuosity of their intrusion, nor put a stoppage to their entering whatever regions, domiciles, or mansions of the spangled firmament they shall have mind to see…all the celestial signs together with the constellations of the fixed stars, will jointly be at their devotion then…
Here Rabelais has repeated the planetary ascent in Mithraic initiation as well as an ascent through the Cabalistic Sephira, and different levels of consciousness. As can be see in Crowley’s Quabalistic Encyclopedia “777,” and elsewhere. Rabelais has the gods lament that should mankind succeed in this climb then they will surely: “drink of our nectar and ambrosia, and take to their own beds at night, for wives and concubines, our fairest goddesses, the only means whereby they can be deified.”
Perhaps the identity of the herb which could be utilized by Pantagruel’s descendants is alluded to in the chapter following Rabelais’ last comments, “How a certain kind of Pantagruelion is of that Nature, that Fire is not able to consume it.”
Chapter 52 of Book III relates the amazing fable concerning “how a certain kind of Pantagruel ion is of that nature that the fire is not able to consume it.” First, it is noteworthy that Rabelais suggests different varieties of the plant. Second, the statement that the plant will not burn is extraordinary enough to tempt experimentation with the plant in the presence of fire. Readers smitten by curiosity on this point were equally likely to be smitten, finally and pleasantly, by the singular virtues of the plant Rabelais called “Pantagruel ion.” A happy discovery that would also, upon re-reading the author's words, unlock their secret references and make their meaning plain. — Ben Price, “Where the Pantagruel ion Grows”
In light of Price’s comments concerning the Pantagruel ion that is not consumed by fire, it is interesting to note that Rabelais was familiar with the writings of Zoroaster , and he translated into French the Greek works of Herodotus, who wrote about Scythians inhaling cannabis smoke to achieve ecstasy.
Rabelais , in his fifth and last book of the series reveals to us quite plainly: “the good Pantagruel ion which is hemp .” Rabelais states that he felt it was time to reveal more plainly his cryptic message, and get rid of the cipher that hid it: “Now, my friends, that you may put in for a share of this new wisdom , and shake off the antiquated folly this very moment, scratch me out of your scrolls, and quite discard the symbol of the old philosopher with the golden thigh, by which he has forbidden you to eat beans,[20]
that is, Pantagruel ion books.” (Which of course contained replete references to the herb Pantagruelion, hemp )
Perhaps this was some of Rabelais cryptic humor. Remember Pythagoras was the philosopher with the golden thigh that taught his students not to eat beans. Pythagoras was the first sage to call himself a philosopher. His golden thigh referred to shaman ic initiation. He was initiate into all the secret mysteries of the ancient world and had close friendship ties with the Hyperborean shaman priest of Apollo, Abaris the Scythian. Scythian shamans fumigated [purified ] and incense d themselves to ecstasy and revelation with cannabis smoke.
Rabelais tells the reader that he had not revealed the secrets concerning cannabis earlier because he wanted to have the opportunity to enjoy it himself for a while, “for you may take it for a truth, granted among all professors in the science of good eating, that he enjoined you not to taste of them for the dunsical-dog leach was so selfish as to reserve them for his own dainty chops.”
Rabelais was quite an old man at the time his books were published, and he knew it was time to reveal his secret to mankind more plainly, lest it be lost forever. He tells us that his great works (books) are finished. “Now though we have in our mother-tongue, several excellent works in verse and prose. I have made bold to choose to chirrup and warble my plain ditty, or as they say, to whistle like a goose among the swans, rather than be thought deaf among so many pretty poets and eloquent orators. And thus I am prouder of acting like a clown, or any other under part, among the many ingenious actors in this noble play, than of herding among the mutes, who, like so many shadows and cyphers, only serve to fill up the house and make up a number.”
Rabelais knew he would suffer the wrath of the Roman Catholic Church for debunking its heresies. “To the heathen philosopher succeeded a pack of capusions monks, who forbid us the use of beans that none but their nasty selves might have the stomach to eat it, though their liquorice chops watered never so much after it.”
He also had an idea of what his fate might be for exposing these forbidden secrets, as he states in the following comment, “Oh! they’ll cost me an estate in hemp en collars. For I hereby promise to furnish them with twice enough as much as will do their business, on free cost, as often as they will take the pains to dance at ropes end, providently to save charges, to the small disappointment to the finisher of the law.” (He had given them enough rope to hang him.) And so Francois Rabelais disappeared from history.
Any clergy, whether secular or myth bound, will feel threatened by a perceptual tool which allows the common man to transcend conditioning and experience unmediated clarity. This is what Rabelais knew would happen to the Medieval priests if he openly discussed the remarkable qualities of the plant, Pantagruel . It is the same fear-ridden reaction we see gripping Reaganite conservatives and the beneficiaries of other perceptual pogroms when it comes to any frame of mind that they have not included in the “official” scenario of reality. Any transcendental short-cuts or non-prescription vehicles toward “feeling better” undermine the reality-mediating role of the authorities. — Ben Price, “Where the Pantagruel ion Grows”
Francois Rabelais , we salute you our Brother, and dedicate the section on Alchemy to your great and bold spirit. He had “more strength in his teeth and scent in his bum” (to borrow a saying he used), than any man in Europe at that time.
Arabians, Indians, Sabeans,
Sing not, in hymns and paens,Your incense, myrrh, or ebony:
Come here a nobler plant to see;
And carry home at any rate,
Some seed, that you may propagate.
If in your soil it takes, to heaven
A thousand thousand thanks be given
And say, with France, it goodly goes
Where the Pantagruel ion grows!
— Francois Rabelais
Some have suggested that the following quatrain written by Nostradamus referred to Rabelais : The present together with the past
Judges by the great Jovialist
The world tires of him at last
Judged disloyal by the clergy
Nostradamus attributed his power of prophecy to a substance that could well have been cannabis: “Seated at night in my secret study, alone, reposing over the brass tripod.” He referred to the “secrets that are revealed by the subtle spirit of fire.” Nostradamus stated specifically in his will that his papers were to be left to whichever of his sons, upon reaching maturity, “..has drunk the smoke of the lamp.” Besides his prophetic writings, Nostradamus also wrote on herbal recipes, cosmetics, food and perfumes.
If people wanted to survive the Dark Ages and use cannabis they had better be discreet in referring to it. Both Rabelais and the medieval European farmers used the word “bean”[21]
in conjunction with hemp . The Europeans used the term in a celebration, King and Queen of the bean, done in the hopes of having a tall hemp crop.
Consider if you will the tale of "Jack and the Beanstalk." Jack is “the widow’s son.” This term is often used to refer to an initiate starting out on the path. For example, it is used in reference to Jesus, Parzival in the famous Grail Romances, and it was a cherished designation in Freemasonry. The cow that young Jack trades for the beans is his sacred cow that he must sacrifice if he wants to discover the truth of things. A parallel can easily be drawn between Jack’s reluctant trade of the family cow and the of the Magi saviour Mithra s, who slew the sacred bull unwillingly, and obtained the sacred vine of the mysteries. The beans are hemp seeds which will enable him to climb to the place of the Giants. The angry Giant is a manifestation of Jack’s personal demons that have been exposed and magnified by his climb up the beanstalk, or more precisely by his ingestion of hemp. Although this journey is fraught with danger, young Jack has the chance to hear the heavenly music of the Golden Harp, cast from the fine Gold of the true alchemists. And if the young hero is able to overcome the Giant, who represents his own lower nature, he will be able to return home and share the music of the Golden harp with his widowed mother and the rest of humanity.
A similar cryptic reference to the magnifying potentials of cannabis as that provided in Jack and the Beanstalk, can be found in The Conference of Birds, where Sufi author Attar uses the parrot as a hidden reference to hashish. Attar writes of the parrot's arrival: “Welcome, O Parrot! In your beautiful robe and collar of fire, this collar is fitting for a dweller in the underworld but your robe is worthy of Heaven. Can Abraham save himself from the fire of Nimrod? Break the head of Nimrod and become the friend of Abraham, who was the friend of God. When you have been delivered from the hands of Nimrod put on your robe of glory and fear not the collar of fire.” [22]
This information hints at a secret tradition of cannabis use in medieval Europe, wisdom that had to be transmitted esoterically to avoid prohibitions and persecution from the Roman Catholic Church.
In 1615, an Italian physician and demonologist, Giovanni De Ninault, listed hemp as the main ingredient in the ointments and unguents used by the “Devils followers.”[23] — Ernest Abel, Marihuana; The First Twelve Thousand Years
4. Medieval Alchemists and Cannabis
The Arabs were responsible for the popular reintroduction of Alchemy into medieval Europe. Jabir Ibn el-Hayyan, known as Geber[24]
in the West “has been acknowledged by both the Arab and European alchemists as the patron of the art since the eighth century.”[25]
Dr. M. Aldrich has commented that “skilled alchemists with pretty classy lab equipment experimented with all kinds of potions; if Geber and others could distill alcohol, they could have made hashish (or even hash oil), and, indeed, Geber included banj among his powerful prescriptions. An amusing tale of a hypocritical priest, from Arabian manuscripts dated about CE 950, shows that use of banj was secret and spread among religious persons who professed against it.”[26]
A number of Sufi s can be tied to both hashish use and the alchemical language, most notably the Arabian Alchemist Avicenna (known in Arabic as Ibn Sina), Mansur el-Hallaj, and Farduddin Attar, the Chemist. That the alchemists of the West knew they were pursuing an internal goal is clear from their admonitions and innumerable cryptic illustrations in their works. Alchemical allegory is by no means difficult to read if one bears in mind Sufi symbolism. In the seventeenth century, a thousand years after the time of their original inspirer, Geber (born circa 721), the European alchemists were keeping lists of successive masters, reminiscent of the Sufi “spiritual degrees.” One of the most interesting things about this fact is that these chains of succession refer to people linked in the Sufic and Saracean traditions, but otherwise have no common denominator. In the records, we find the name of Mohammed, Geber, Hermes, Dante and Roger Bacon. — I. Shaw, The Sufis
Attar and other Sufis are reported to have used el-Khidr (Khizr), the green man , as a hidden reference to hashish and bhang. In 1894, J.M. Campbell commented that to the Moslem worshipper “the holy spirit in bhang is not the spirit of the Almighty, it is the spirit of the great prophet Khizr, or Elijiah.”
In what can be considered more than a mere coincidence, we find this same figure playing a highly regarded role in medieval alchemy . Alchemists like Paracelsus and Eirenaeus Philalethes mention the name Elias, which in the authorized version of the Bible is the same as Elijah, the powerful magician-prophet of Tishpeh, whom the Sufi s equated with Khidr , the green man and patron saint of cannabis.
The real significance of the mysterious Elias is given in an almost throw away phrase by A.E. Waite in The Brotherhood of the Rosy Cross. He says: “I infer that enthusiasts [i.e. those who looked forward to the coming of Elias] regarded it as a corporate Elias.” In other words, Elias was the symbolic figurehead of the new school of alchemy whose adepts were now proving its reality among mankind. — Kenneth Rayner Johnson, The Fulcanelli Phenomenon
My book is the precursor of Elias, designed to prepare the Royal way of the Master... — Eirenaeus Philalethes, An Open Entrance to the Closed Palace of the King
Nothing is concealed that shall not be revealed. There are many more secrets concerning the transmutation, though they are little known, for if they are revealed to someone their fame is not immediately common. With this art, the Lord bestows the wisdom to keep it secret until the advent of Elias Artista[27]. Then shall be revealed what has been concealed.— Paracelsus, “Book Concerning the Tincture of Philosophers”
Idries Shah claims that Paracelsus and other medieval European alchemist like Roger Bacon, Raymund Lully and Henry Cornelius Agrippa, were transmitting Sufi knowledge in the West, acting as scouts for the Arab dervishes and their system of attainment.
Paracelsus, who traveled in the East and received his Sufic training in Turkey, introduced several Sufi terms into Western thought. His “Azoth”[28] is identical with the Sufi el-dhat (Pronounced in Persian and hence in most Sufi poetry as az-zaut).... The stone, the hidden thing, so powerful, is also called the Azoth in the West. Azoth is traced by Orientalists to one of two words — al-dhat (or ez-zat), meaning essence or inner reality; or else to zibaq, mercury. The stone according to the Sufis, is the dhat, the essence, which is so powerful that it can transform whatever comes into contact with it. It is the essence of man, which partakes of what people call the divine. It is “sunshine,” capable of uplifting humanity to the next stage.... Owing to the Reformation,[29] Paracelsus had to be careful how he expressed himself since he was projecting a psychological system different from either the Catholic or the Protestant ways. In one place he says: “Read with the heart until at some time the true religion will come....
" He even quotes Sufi dicta:
“Salvation is not attained by fasting, neither wearing certain clothes, nor by flagellation. These are superstitions and hypocrisy. God made everything pure and holy, man need not consecrate them.” — Idries Shah, The Sufis[30]
Several mystics and Sufi masters, among them al-Hallaj and especially Avicenna and Ibn Arabi, have presented alchemy as a veritable spiritual technique. — M. Eliade, A History of Religious Ideas, Vol. III
Dr. C.G. Jung, student of Freud, originator of Jungian depth psychology and the father of modern analytical psychology, gathered the largest collection of ancient alchemical literature in the world. Jung made the following comments on alchemy and his work as a psychologist in his autobiography:
As my life entered its second half, I was already embarked on the confrontation with the contents of the unconscious. My work on this was an extremely long-drawn-out affair, and it was only after some twenty years of it that I reached some degree of understanding of my fantasies. First I had to find evidence for the historical prefiguration of my inner experiences. That is to say, I had to ask myself, “Where have my particular premises already occurred in history?” If I had not succeeded in finding such evidence, I would never have been able to substantiate my ideas. Therefore, my encounter with alchemy was decisive for me, as it provided me with the historical basis which I had hitherto lacked. I had very soon seen that analytical psychology coincided in a most curious way with alchemy . The experiences of the alchemists were, in a sense, my experiences, and their world was my world. This was of course, a momentous discovery: I had stumbled upon the historical counterpart of my psychology of the unconscious. — Carl G. Jung, Memories, Dreams and Reflections

Expulsion of the Demons, an anonymous engraving from the 1600s, is another classic example of alchemical initiation hidden behind the facade of chruchly pursuits. In the foreground an alchemist (wearing a small Phygyric initiation cap) cheerfully slides an associate head first into a large athanor (alchemical oven) where the “demons” are baked out of his head into a billowing cloud containing the universal elements in an expanding consciousness. The one who is baked holds his hand up as if to say to the other, “hold steady, right there brother.” Two mushroom s joined at the cap appear in the lower left of his expanding mind-cloud. In the left foreground incense is vaporizing from a bowl set on flaming coals in a squat pan on a tripod. Directly above it a “bishop” is pouring an alchemical substance down the throat of a seated initiate who is steadying the bishop’s arm that is holding a funnel in the initiate's mouth. Supernatural arms extend from his seat and grasp a pan below. Shelves of alchemical medicines are behind them. To the right of the medicines is an alchemical still. A large mortar and pestle is on a stand in the center of the engraving. The alchemists prepared sacraments to investigate the mysterious murkiness (in the pan) below, others that could blow your mind in the brilliance above. Balance was to be achieved between the extremes. It is represented by the mortar and pestle in the center. The two opposites must be meticulously ground together until they become one.
There is a wealth of documents indicating medieval alchemists were experimenting with methods to transmute base metals into gold. Most of the alchemical manuscripts detail laboratory operations while discussing philosophical and transcendent mystical states. Written accounts by credible witnesses to transmutations record that some of them were indeed successful. This Philosopher’s Stone or Universal Elixir was an alchemical preparation made from the mineral kingdom. The Medieval philosophers claimed that when properly prepared the mineral stone could transmute base metals into gold; in minute dilutions it could end sickness and retard aging indefinitely, transmuting the human organism into an immortal being.[31]
In what indicates a continuity of traditions, like the Hindu and Chinese alchemists’ sacred elixir of immortality, the adepts claimed that when taken in a minute dose, this substance would cause the inbiber’s hair and teeth to fall out, later new hair and teeth grow in and the successful alchemist became immortal. Unfortunately many pseudo-alchemists, called “sloppers,” are known to have perished while experimenting with these powerful concoctions. A much safer path was the preparation of the Vegetable Stone.
The term alchemy was applied to a wide variety of different schools of thought, dealing with philosophy, physics, chemistry, unlocking the healing virtue in plants, and countless other subjects. In short being an alchemist was many different things to many different people and many medieval alchemists pursued the Philosopher’s Stone as shaman mystics, psychoanalysts, herbalist apothecaries, metallurgists and cabalists all in one, in an attempt to find the very essence of creation.
It is neither the transmutation of base metals nor the life-prolonging elixir which are the ultimate and absolute objects of the alchemical search. Obviously the condition of perfection, or of Supreme Illumination, which the discovery of the Stone affords, is quite ineffable and transcends such mundane considerations as the supposed finality of death. — Kenneth R. Johnson, The Fulcanelli Phenomenon
One of the most famous engravings from European alchemy is a woodcut esoteric mandala designed by alchemical adept and doctor of medicine, Hienrich Khunrath, for his masterful treatise Amphitheater of Eternal Wisdom published in 1604. The alchemical mandala engraving titled “The First Stage of the Great Work” is a circle that contains the alchemists’ workshop where all the elements in it are drawn in perspective toward an offset center which is an open door above which is written in Latin “While sleeping, watch!” On the left side the alchemist kneels in supplication near the opening of a Scythian-like tent. In the left foreground before the tent is a large censor with smoke billowing forth from it. In the smoke is written in Latin, “ascending smoke, sacrificial speech acceptable to God.”
To the right of the center is laboratory equipment and high above everything else alone near the ceiling beams is a curious seven-leafed chandelier that is out of perspective compared to the converging lines in the beams. The chandelier looks more like a seven-fingered marijuana leaf with a flame at the tip of every finger. The only other flame in the engraving is in the tent itself. The plaque below the flame in the tent says “Happy is the one who follows the advice of God.” On the cross beam above the seven-fingered marijuana-leaf chandelier is written “Without the breath of inspiration from God, no one finds the great way.”
Khunrath, as did all the alchemical masters, chose his words well so that only the uninitiate d would misinterpret his meaning. But we know the tradition of cannabis incense use, especially by the Scythians in tents. Heinrich’s cant, “ascending smoke, sacrificial speech acceptable to God,” harkens back to the Akkadian Counsels of Wisdom; from ancient Mesopotamia, “Sacrifice and (pious) utterance are the proper accompaniment of incense.” In all probability Hienrich Khunrath knew nothing about the Akkadian Counsels of Wisdom . On the other hand Khunrath declared the entrance to eternal wisdom could be gained “Christiano-Kabalically, divino-magically and even physio-chemically.”[32]
He revealed the secret transforming substance was a red gum, the “resin of the wise .” Concerning the nature of the Stone Khunrath wrote: “[The] Cabalistic habitaculum Materiae Lapidis was originally made known from on high through Divine Inspiration and special Revelation, both with and without instrumental help, ‘awake as well as asleep or in dreams.’” Khunrath said that one could “perfectly prepare our Chaos Naturae in the highest simplicity and perfection” through a “special Secret Divine Vision and revelation, without further probing and pondering of the causes…. So work even in the laboratory by thyself alone, without collaboration or assistants, in order that God, the Jealous, may not withdraw the art from thee, on account of thy assistants to whom He may not wish to impart it.”[33]
Khunrath is telling the reader that his words are Cabalistic, or in cant: esoteric meaning is hidden in his prose, analogical artwork and the slang of the day. In his day using marijuana for religious purposes was still considered diabolic and severely prohibited. One could still be dragged before the Inquisition accused of committing satanic rites, tortured into confessions leading ultimately to death and forfeiture of all properties. His warning to work alone and beware of impious assistants is always good advice — the profane naturally obstruct spiritual exploration. However, such advice is imperative for survival if your religious sacraments and spiritual explorations are prohibited by the dominant orthodox paradigm controlling the state: beware of those with whom you would share the “especial Secret Divine Vision” for they may foolishly reveal incriminating evidence or worse, be informants working for the Inquisition that would turn you in for a percentage of the forfeiture (finder’s fee) profits from the seizure of your personal property.
The Medieval alchemists communicated with one another through their writings. It was too dangerous for them to work together in communal laboratories, and by their independence from each other they were less vulnerable to attack from the prohibitionist Christian theocracy. They also communicated with one another across time through their writings.
In Khunrath ’s time hemp was a ubiquitous crop; its fiber was essential to global economic trade, for the sails of the world merchant fleets could be made from hemp fiber only—no other vegetable fiber sail cloth could endure the stresses of wind and salt air on long ocean voyages. Paradoxically, using hemp flowers as a religious sacrament was prohibited yet fields of hemp flowers could be found nearly everywhere. The European hemp flowers routinely produce about one or two percent THC isomers (Tetra-Hydro-Canabinol, considered the psychoactive carbohydrate family of molecules in cannabis), whereas the resinous red hashish of Lebanon is about ten times more potent. Khunrath praised the “red resin of the wise,” calling it the transforming substance.
In the Amphitheater of Eternal Wisdom Khunrath illustrates the alchemical process, the marriage of the sun and the moon, with a peacock standing on the two heads of the Rebis (opposite natures — sun and moon). The inscription calls it the “bird of Hermes” and the “blessed greenness.” Gerard Dorn, a contemporary of Khunrath discusses the plant Mercurialis whose properties were summarized from the Latin text by Carl Jung:
Jung says there is no mention of the Mercurial plant in the “Tabernaemontanus, in which all the magico-medicinal properties of plants are carefully listed.”[35]
However he did say the mysterious plant “is closely connected with the ‘tree of the sea’ in Arabian alchemy and hence with the arbor philosophicia which in turn has parallels with the Cabalistic tree of the Sefiroth and with the tree of Christian mysticism and Hindu philosophy.”[36] This prime matter which is proper for the form of the Elixir is taken from a single tree which grows in the lands of the West... And this tree grows on the surface of the ocean as plants grow on the surface of the earth. This is the tree of which whosoever eats, man and jinn obey him; it is also the tree of which Adam (peace be upon him!) was forbidden to eat... — Abu’l Qasim, Kitab al-’ilm[37]
Jung connects the philosophical tree of the Arab alchemists with the Haoma tree that grows in the cosmic ocean of the Zoroastrian creation myth:
We may note the curious fact that a lizard is concealed in the tree: “The evil spirit has formed therein, among those which enter as opposites, a lizard as an opponent in that deep water, so that it may injure the Haoma ,” the plant of immortality. In alchemy , the spiritus mercurii that lives in the tree is represented as a serpent, salamander, or Melusina. — Jung,
Psychology and Alchemy
The salamander is a curious symbol in alchemy illustrated in many famous alchemical texts including the Book of Lambspring. The key that unlocked one aspect of its esoteric symbolism was found in a fourteenth century painting from an alchemical text showing a man intoxicated on Amanita muscaria mushrooms. He clutches one mushroom in his hand as he dances about holding his other hand to his forehead as if the revelation is too intense. Behind him a tree grows with a spotted mushroom for a top. A salamander or lizard floats upward parallel to the Amanita tree. Next to it another salamander roasts upon the fire in much the same way as the philosopher in the Book of Lambspring roasts a salamander on a fork in a fire. Perhaps five hundred years ago psychonauts called such a psychedelic trip “roasting a salamander .” And just as today where psychonauts in quest of knowledge often utilize marijuana and psychedelic mushrooms for similar purposes, so too perhaps our Medieval ancestors burned incense and roasted salamanders in order to achieve illumination.
Interestingly as was mentioned earlier, Rabelais refers to the good Fly Agaric mushroom twice in Gargantua and Pantagruel. In the chapter mentioned earlier in which Rabelais comments that “a certain kind of Pantagreulion is of that Nature that Fire is not able to consume it,” is a paragraph that refers to the alchemical salamander as well as a mysterious tree that is of “a very marvelous nature” and “produceth out of its root the good Agaric.” Rabelais also burned cannabis incense , like Khunrath a century later. Rabelais was familiar with the writings of Zoroaster and he translated the works of the Roman historian Herodotus, who recorded an early account of the Scythian marijuana smoke baths. In light of this, it is not at all surprising to find the name of Zoroaster , who attained ecstasy through hemp , mentioned in many of the old alchemical texts. Nor should it be surprising to find the system of self initiation promoted by earlier Zoroastrian influenced Gnostic alchemists, like Zosimos, continued on in secret throughout the Middle Ages.
In fact, the description the Salamander in The Book of Lambspring has similarities to the sacred drink of the Mithraic Mysteries, and the details of its production allude to alchemical laboratory operations that produce a sublimate oil by carefully maintaining heat necessary to vaporize the psychoactive resin produced on cannabis leaves and flowers. Just before the dried vegetable matter carbonized in the retort a viscous red oil would appear in the neck of the glass receiver. This oily sublimate they called the eagle, salamander or red lion. In 1939-40 chemist Roger Adams produced what he called marihuana red oil by distillation, from it he isolated over sixty psychoactive therapeutic compounds. Concerning this Lambspring wrote:
Unlike the cemented dogma and dead traditions of the Church, the Alchemical system continued to grow and expand in all areas of thought. The 18th century occultist Francis Barrett wrote of the influence of Zoroaster on the great and noble art of alchemy, in the clearest of terms:
European cannabis use remained quite secretive until the advent of the mid nineteenth century group, the elite “Le Club Des Haschischins,” a name inspired by the nickname given to the hashish using Isma’ilis. The club members would gather together once a month costumed with turbans and daggers. “The prince of the Assassins” would go from member to member offering a spoonful of hashish with the statement “This will be taken from your share of paradise.” This elite group included some of the most famous and creative artists and authors of that time (Dumas, Hugo, Gautier, Baudelaire, De Nerval, Balzac, etc.) and was founded by Dr. J. Moreau, an expert on the effects of hashish:
The published works of the members of the Hashish club are now considered classics. They extol dignity and the freedom of the individual. Most of the members of the Hashish Club were steeped in esoteric knowledge and many of them wrote extensively about hashish. Dumas included in his Count of Monte Cristo an encounter with the hashish-eating Sinbad the sailor, whom he based on Hasan I-Sabah of the Assassins.
Club member Gerard De Nerval (1808–1855) used the word “supernaturalist” to describe what we moderns term “high” in the following excerpt reprinted in The Book of Grass:
De Nerval first appeared on the French literary scene with a brilliant translation of Faust. His commentary on it revealed his vast knowledge and experience with the occult. In his classic tale, Journey To The Orient, De Nerval devoted an entire chapter to hashish in the tale of Caliph Hakim, a story set in the tenth century he says was related to him by a Druze Sheik named Saide-Eshayrazy. The tale is about a powerful Moslem, Caliph Hakim, who was in the habit of visiting the city disguised as a commoner. In one of these visits he enters a cavern which is frequented by members of the Sabian faith, and is befriended by a young man, Yousouf, who introduces the reluctant Caliph to hashish, telling him: “This box contains the paradise promised by your prophet and his believers. If you weren’t so scrupulous I could soon put you into the Houris arms without making you pass over the bridge of Alsirat.”[40]
After ingestion of the sacred paste, Caliph Hakim tells his new found friend, “Hashish renders you equal to God.” The two friends in De Nerval’s tale, were said to meet together to enjoy hashish on a number of occasions. And as Journey To The Orient tells us, their experiences included visionary dosages:
At the end of the tale, De Nerval is told by his host, Sheik Saide-Eshayrazy, that the teachings of Caliph Hakim were the foundation of the secretive sect to which he belongs, the mysterious Druzes. De Nerval’s contemporary and fellow member of the Hashish Club, Charles Baudelaire, commented on the effects of hashish:
We know that members of the Haschischins Club in Paris, were aware of Rabelais ’ esoteric reference to cannabis, for one of their most prominent members, Theophile Gautier (1811-1872), made cryptic references to it when describing his hashish visions: “What bizarrely contorted faces. What abdomens huge with Pantagruel ion mockeries. All the Pantagruelion dreams passed through my fantasy.” Gautier also made some very interesting comments on the effects of hashish : “I was in this blessed phase of hashish which Orientals call ‘Kief.’ I could no longer feel my body; the links between mater and spirit were broken; I moved by my will alone in an atmosphere which offered no resistance. In this way I imagine, souls behave in the world which we go after death.”
The first known historical reference to the phenomena known as the “contact high” also occurred at a meeting of the Hashish Club. The contact high is said to transpire when a person becomes high by simply being in the presence of a group of people who have consumed the herb. The Hashish Club incident took place when a woman was overcome with a peculiar feeling while serving coffee to this group of powerful personalities after they had ingested Dr. Moreau’s emerald green hashish paste. She dropped her tray of drinks, and ran out of the room. Later she was calmed by her co-workers.
Another experimenter with this mysterious herb was the Belgium poet Arthur Rimbaud (1854–1891), who penned the following poem while under the influence of hashish :
The Time of Assassins
Oh my Good! Oh my Ideal! Atrocious fanfare which does not make me lose my balance! Fantastic prop! Hurrah for the wonderful work and the marvelous body; for this initiation! It began amidst the laughter of children and it will end there too.
This poison will remain in our veins, even when — the fanfare shifting its tone — we shall have returned to the old lack of harmony.
But now let us — so worthy of these tortures — fervently recall the superhuman promise made to our body and soul at their creation. Let us recall this promise — this madness! Elegance, Science, Violence!
To us promise was made that the Tree of Knowledge should be buried in the shade, that tyrannical respectabilities should be deported in order that our pure love should be indulged.
It began with certain aversions, and ended — we being unable to grasp eternity at the moment — with a confusion of perfumes, laughter of children, discretion of slaves, austerity of virgins, dread of earthly things and beings — holy be ye held by the memory of that evening!
It began with every sort of boorishness; it ended with angels of flame and ice. Little evening of intoxication, blessed be you! Rule and method, we are your champions!
We do not forget how last night you glorified each one of us, young and old. We have faith in your poison. We know how to sacrifice our entire life every day.
The time of Assassins is here!
The famed 19th century Russian born mystic, world traveler, feminist, Theosophical Society co-founder, and author of occult classics Isis Unveiled and The Secret Doctrine, Helena Petrova Blavatsky (1831-1891) is also reputed to have been a user of cannabis:
A.L. Rawson, a close friend of Blavatsky for over forty years, stated concerning her relationship with cannabis:
Ronald K. Siegel, Ph.D. mentions other scientifically conducted 19th century experiments with hashish in his book Intoxication: is literary colleagues were exploring the romances of these feelings, another small group of Frenchmen was using dosages of hashish ten times greater to follow the soul’s ecstatic journey out of the body into the spiritual world. Under the tutelage of psychopharmacologist Louis-Alphonse Cahagnet, these subjects documented visions of death and the afterlife, experiences identical to those known as “near-death experience.” The prototypical experience started with the user being pulled out of time into sacred stillness. A feeling of peace and well-being captured the soul as it separated from the body, then flung it into a bright moment of supreme happiness. Some subjects find it impossible to describe all that happens; others describe a panoramic review of their lives, encounters with departed spirits, celestial music, and profound visions and thoughts. Geometrically sculpted images introduce themes of cosmic importance. The forms parade across the mind’s eye so fast that the cherubs melt into gargoyles, then a crypt of one’s own body. The blue geometric forms become towering cathedrals filled with the white light of the Universal Being. The visions evaporated.
A similar out-of-body account from around the same period is given by a Lord Dunsany:
Dusany’s experience of seeing the Creator laughing over Creation is somewhat echoed in the following comments made by another Englishman, Aleister Crowley , who was also known to experiment with visionary doses of hashish :
British mountain climber, magician and cabalist, Aleister Crowley , (1875-1947), was influenced by the experiences recorded in the writings that came out of Paris’s Hashish Club, as well as those of Rabelais . In fact Crowley paid the highest homage to Rabelais, taking his magical word, “Thelema,” and law, “Do as thou wilt,” from Rabelais’ Gargantua. Crowley ’s writings show he was also more than familiar with the powerful mystic properties available in hemp :
Crowley felt he had found this substance in hashish, and went on to state in “The Psychology of Hashish:”
Crowley had what he felt was his most transformational experience while under the influences of hashish. He referred to this alternately as the “Vision of the Star Sponge” and the “Vision of Pasequay.” In the vision Crowley became a star in space amidst other stars, and it is from this vision that he took as one of his most famous maxims “Every man and woman is a star.”
For a period of about thirty years after “The Psychology of Hashish” there were only a few scattered references to hashish in Crowley ’s writings, but he often referred readers to that 1907 essay. In 1920 he commented, “The action of hashish is as varied as life itself and seems to be determined almost entirely by the will or mood of the 'assassin,' and that within the hedges of his mental and moral form. I can get fantastic visions, or power of mind-analysis, or spiritual exaltation, or sexual excitement of various kinds, or ravenous hunger, or vigor of imagination, whichever I please, absolutely at will, on a minute dose of the Parke-Davis extract.[44]
This is simply because I have discovered the theory and perfected the practice of the instrument.”
Crowley initiate d famed science fiction writer H.G. Wells into the mysteries of hashish , and philosopher and psychedelic pioneer Aldous Huxley into the visionary experience of peyote in a Berlin hotel room.[45] Most, although not all, Western occultists who have taken a favorable attitude towards the use of consciousness-altering drugs have been influenced by Aleister Crowley. Crowley’s favorite hallucinogen was mescal, which he claimed to have introduced to Europe; certainly he included it amongst the ingredients of the ‘loving cup’ he administered to the participants in the ‘Rites of Eleusis’ which he celebrated in Edwardian London, while one of Crowley ’s former disciples — almost certainly the only man who had both played first-class Country Cricket and evoked the god Thoth-Hermes to visible appearance — told me that, in pre-Hitler Berlin, Crowley gave mescal to amongst others, the youthful Aldous Huxley. There is no record of Crowley ever having used Amanita muscaria , fly agaric, but there is some slight evidence that he may have known of its consciousness-altering properties. The evidence in question is one of Crowley ’s paintings, used as the frontispiece of Vol. III, of his magazine The Equinox. In the background of the painting is portrayed an ecstatic woman dancer; in the foreground stands a dead tree, from a branch of which a corpse is suspended by the neck — a common symbol of the transition from one state of conscious to another. From behind the tree peers a grinning nature spirit, standing guard over what are quite clearly both the common and the rarer gold varieties of Amanita. The spirit has been given the features of C.G. Jones, a chemist and student of pharmacology who introduced Crowley to the Golden Dawn. It seems at least possible that the implication of this is that Jones had known of the properties of Amanita and had introduced Crowley to them. Unfortunately there are no extant records of Crowley’s drug experiments during the years 1898 to 1911, when the two men were closely associated. If Jones had been a participant in these experiments, as was, quite certainly, Alan Bennett of the golden Dawn, it is possible that his curiosity concerning hallucinogens had been aroused by his reading of alchemical and magical literature, of which he was a dedicated student — there are passages in such works as The Magus (1801) and Theatrum Chemicum Brittanicum (1652) which I think refer to processes designed to extract hallucinogens from plant and animal substances. — Francis King, The Origins of Tantra, Drugs and Western Occultism
It was not until the late nineteen thirties and the completion of his books The Book of Wisdom or Folly and The Book of Thoth - the Tarot of the Egyptian’s, that Crowley again wrote at length on hashish. A piece entitled “De Herbo Sanctisimo Aribico, The Most Holy Grass of the Arabs,” appears in both these books. In The Book of Thoth this poetic and cabalistic essay appears on page 123 (there is a Cabalistic joke there).
The Kabala , also called the Qabala and Cabala , is a complicated esoteric Judaic book of symbolism dealing with the creation and evolution of humanity. The Kabalists believed they were the holders of knowledge that explained spirit’s descent and involution into matter, and subsequently it’s key for evolution and release. For its basis the Kabala has a symbol called “the tree of life,” consisting of ten circles referred to as the ten Sephiroth. (One of the sephiroth, knowledge , is the invisible sephirah and is not pictured in diagrams.) The Sephiroth are said to represent objective emanations of God and points for the aspirant to aim for. They are connected by 22 paths that are the subjective connections between the Sephiroth. These paths refer to the states of mind that connect the Sephiroth. Everything in creation is thought to be emanations from the ten different Sephiroth. Each Sephiroth has a color, planet, metal, perfume, plant, etc., in the language of the Cabala a word describing any emanation from a single sephiroth, can be exchanged with another word to hide the meaning from the uninitiated, an adept must acquire the ability to break this code of classifications to understand the hidden meaning of the text. A single word in a Cabalistic document can tell a whole story. In an article that originally appeared in the July, 1981, issue of High Times, “Cabala : Tasting the Forbidden Fruit of the Tree of Life,” author Robert Anton Wilson comments on the similarities between cannabis and the cabalistic method of thought:
In the paragraph directly above “De Herbo Sanctisimo Aribico, The Most Holy Grass of the Arabs” in The Book of Thoth by Crowley, there is an anagram, Alcofribas Nasier, which rewritten spells Francois Rabelais . The following piece of esoterica, which we have taken from the beginning of this classic occult essay is steeped in the language of the Cabala.
Crowley stated in the above paragraph, “a man must first be an Initiate , and established in our Law, before he may use this method.” Crowley is here referring to initiation into the A\A\, a secret group whose members seem to have a symbiotic relationship with the more famous “Order Templar Orientis,” of which he was appointed sovereign head of all English speaking Order activities upon his initiation in 1912, and then worldwide Frater Superior in 1922.[49]
The OTO and the A\A\ claim to be in possession of secret knowledge dating back to the time of the medieval Templar Knights, who like Francois Rabelais , were persecuted by the Roman Catholic Church. It has also been stated in official OTO documents either written by, or under the supervision of Crowley , that the OTO was founded by Mansur El Hallaj, a medieval Sufi Saint.[50]
The secrets held by the OTO are of such importance, it is said that new members being initiate d into the group have a knife placed to their throats with a dire warning regarding the revealing of them.[51]
Kenneth Grant, one of Crowley ’s successors in the OTO stated in his book The Magical Revival that Crowley identified the heart of his magical current with one particular Star. In Occult tradition, this is “the sun behind the sun,” the hidden God, the star Sirius. The same star that has been tied to the Egyptian, African, and Zoroastrian cannabis traditions. (Interestingly the modern ‘high’ occultist, Robert Anton Wilson, has also pointed to the star Sirius as the source of his inspiration.)
Further cryptic references to cannabis can be found in Crowley 's “Liber VII, The Book of Lapis Lazuli.”[52]
Crowley wrote that this inspired work was “…the Birth Words of a Master of the Temple.” In chapter two of “The Book of Lapis Lazuli,” Crowley wrote: I am Gargantuan great; yon galaxy is but the smoke-ring of mine incense; Burn Thou Strange herbs, O God!
The strong influence of Rabelais writings and philosophy on Crowley 's work has already been discussed and considering the name of the giant Pantagruel ’s father was Gargantua, which in turn is the root word for Gargantuan, Crowley ’s use of the word is obviously done in tribute to the great Pantagruelionist. Crowley stated about “Liber VII, The Book of Lapis Lazuli” that the use of the Roman numeral VII in the title “Refers to the 7 chapters and to the fact that the number 7 is peculiarly suitable to the subject of the Book.” He begins chapter VII of the said book with:
By the burning of the incense was the Word revealed, and by the distant drug.
O meal and honey and Oil! O beautiful flag of the moon, that she hangs out in the center of bliss!
One comes to understand from the above passage and Crowley ’s statement: “This was my hypothesis: perhaps hashish is the drug which ‘loosens the girders of the soul...’”[54]
along with his use of the term Gargantuan, that the incense he referred to was a preparation of hemp.
The Sufi Attar’s cryptic style in the “Conference of Birds” is said to have inspired the “Green Language,” a cryptic code used in a number of alchemical writings. Not surprisingly Fulcanelli, a man considered by some to be the last of the master Alchemists, referred to the European Alchemists as “Street-Arabs,” and he used the Green Language in his writings.
Aleister Crowley had a deep interest in both alchemy and Arabian thought. Compare this cryptic excerpt from his essay The Psychology of Hashish : “harnessing to our triumphal car the white eagle and the Green Lion we voyage at our ease upon the Path of the Chameleon,” with the following statement by Fulcanelli: “it is called the philosopher’s egg and the green lion.” Fulcanelli quotes the fifthteenth century alchemist, Sir George Ripley: “The Philosophers call it the Green Lion. It is the medium or means of joining the tinctures between the sun and moon.”[55]
Fulcanelli also calls this same substance green vitriol, Herb of Saturn, and the Vegetable Stone and quotes Arnold of Villanova to explain the reason for so many names: “Our waters take the name of the leaves of all trees, of the trees themselves, and of everything green in color, in order to mislead the foolish.” An early 15th century manuscript Le Tres Precieux don de Dieu, shows “a glass matrass, half filed with green liquid, and adds that the whole art is based on the acquisition of this single green lion and that its very name indicates its colour.”[56]
Remember Fulcanelli was familiar with Rabelais’ cabalistic style, and probably knew his references were to hemp .
According to legend Fulcanelli gave his alchemical manuscript to his apprentice, Canseliet, before disappearing to complete the final stages of the “great work,” meaning he was on the verge of achieving the Philosopher’s Stone. Canseliet is said to have had it published as his master requested, and then went on to attempt creation of the Philosopher’s Stone himself, an act he never accomplished. Canseliet claimed Fulcanelli contacted him many years after he had disappeared. Canseliet said that he was surprised to find his master remarkably younger in appearance than when he had last seen him some years before. The legends surrounding the mysterious Fulcanelli are still alive to this day.
A possible explanation for this enigma may possibly be found in Robert Ambelain’s,
Jean-Julien Champagne, alias Fulcanelli: Dossier Fulcanelli.[57]
Ambelain collected evidence suggesting the illustrator of Fulcanelli’s Le Mystere des Cathederales, one Jean-Julien Champagne, wrote the book himself and published it under the pseudonym, Fulcanelli. Champagne was well versed in alchemical and occult literature and was known for his elaborate practical jokes.[58]
Interestingly, he was reputed to have had a magical incense , of unknown origin but referred to as the “Incense of the Rosy-Cross.” He was also reputed to have practiced the art of astral projection, a feat long associated in occult traditions with the effects of cannabis.[59]
The famous Irish Poet and Occultist W.B. Yeats (1865–1939), also experimented with hashish . Yeats met, and was influenced heavily by H.B. Blavatsky, as well as being a member of the famous turn of the century occult group the Golden Dawn, which counted among its members Dion Fortune, A.E. Waite and Aleister Crowley .[60]
Yeats commented on his experiences with hashish in “The Trembling of the Veil,” (1926): I take hashish with some followers of the 18th-century mystic Saint Martin. At one in the morning, while we are talking wildly, and some are dancing, there is a tap at the shuttered window; we open it and three ladies enter, the wife of a man of letters who thought to find no one but a confederate, and her husband’s two young sisters whom she brought secretly to some disreputable dance. She is very confused at seeing us, but as she looks from one to another understands that we have taken some drug and laughs; caught in our dream we know vaguely that she is scandalous according to our code and all codes, but smile at her benevolently and laugh.
Behind the door, beyond the light
Who is it waits there in the night ?
When he has entered he will stand,
imposing with his silent hand
Some silent thing upon the night.
Behold the image of my fear.
O rise not, move not, come not near!
That moment, when you turned your face
A demon seemed to leap through space;
His gesture strangled me with fear.
And yet I am lord of all,
And this brave world magnificent,
Veiled in so variable a mist
It may be rose or amethyst,
Demands me for lord of all !
Who said the world is but a mood
In the eternal thought of God?
I know, real though it seems
The phantom of a hachisch dream
In that insomnia which is God
— Arthur Symons (1865-1945)
Algernon Blackwood (1869-1951) was yet another mystic who experimented with hashish. Although little known now, during his lifetime he was quite a famous author of short stories. Blackwood had a vast knowledge of things magick and occult, and often incorporated this information into his fiction books. He stated he had “the absolute conviction that the teachings and the theories in my books were true.”
Blackwood worked his knowledge of hashish into a short story, A Psychical Invasion.[61]
The story is about a young writer, who after experimenting with a large dose of cannabis indica extract, finds himself open to the attack of malicious forces that he doesn’t understand. The young writer is forced to contact a mysterious Dr. Silence, the hero of the tale, for help with his paranormal dilemma. Dr. Silence makes the following comments to the young writer regarding his condition:
Dr. Silence comments further along in the tale on the “effects of the drug (hashish ) in altering the scale of time and space.”
Another well-known female mystic who gained from her experience with hashish is Alexandra David Neel. In Forbidden Journey author B.M. Foster gave an account of her initiation into hashish ’s mystical powers by a guru known as Sri Ananda Saraswati:
George Gurdjieff (1877–1949) the famed Russian Mystic, also experimented with hashish. Gurdjieff gained knowledge of cannabis’ unique effects on the human psyche while spending time studying with a number of Sufi schools and dervish orders, in Persia, eastern Turkey and Bokhara. Gurdjieff used hashish in experiments with some of his pupils to demonstrate the awakening of people’s essences. Gurdjieff, and his “loyal friend of all friends,” Soloviev, studied together under an Isma’ili affiliated Sufi group. During this time Gurdjieff states that Soloviev became an expert in eastern medicine, Tibetan medicine, “and he was also the world’s greatest specialist in the knowledge of opium and hashish on the psyche and organism of man.”[62]
A well known pupil of Gurdjief, P.D. Ouspensky, recorded that Gurdjief told him:
Gurdjief told his students that the immortilization of man was not a quality inherent from birth, but that it was one that had to be learned. As author Kenneth Raynor Johnson noted:
Today, we find the spirit of alchemy still alive, in the works of scholars like Alexander and Ann Shulgin, Timothy Leary, Ram Dass, Albert Hofmann, Richard Evans Schultes, Terence McKenna, Stanislof Grof, Nina Grabioa, Suszanne Budapest and many, many others. Also, as the great Francois Rabelais predicted almost 500 years earlier, the use of cannabis has led to the rediscovery of religious use of powerful psychedelics and the artful (alchemical) manufacture of even more powerful entheogenic potions. And heaven storming [65]
is once again a very real possibility available to more people than ever before, leading to a whole new slant on the saying of the prohibitionists that “marijuana leads to stronger drugs.”[66]
Now as the second millennium dominated by the Christian-state mentality nears its end the techno-religion of Science reigns supreme; God is the stuff of Sunday school prayers while Science has become the mythological cosmic problem solver. It has been written in the twentieth century that “God is dead.” If that is true then God has joined the gods and goddesses in the Underworld; all awaiting rebirth into the techno-universe where even cultural evolution is too slow. For there the Awakened apply science to religion creating a virtual New Hyperborea home to the gods and goddesses of cyberspace: Algorithm, Fractle, Floating Point, Pixel and Others. Though religion seems to change with human cultural evolution through the millennia, the Great Mystery at the edge of Beginnings and Endings remains to inspire us as it did our distant ancestors at the Great Awakening of human Religious Experience.
[1] Modern Rosicrucian groups, like AMORC, have little knowledge of cannabis use. Interestingly, the founder of the modern day branch of this ancient order, H. Spencer Lewis, commented that when he reintroduced the Order in the early part of this century, he altered the Rosicrucian methods more than had ever been done before, in order to make it more acceptable to the modern day initiate. The Encyclopedia of Religion and Ethics comments that the Rosicrucians had been, up “until the war, very active in good works, especially in carrying investigations into the uses of vegetable drugs and the relief of disease by means of colored lights and hypnotic processes.” After studying many of the early Rosicrucian texts, I found them to be full of vegetative symbolism and secret references to cannabis, as well as being loaded with a lot of other valuable arcane knowledge. Perhaps this is an area of study to be looked at in future work. — C.B.
[2] The Templars are said to have been the forerunners of the modern Bankers, and the cheque, a Templar invention.
[3] “Marijuana...is probably the most potent anti-epileptic known to medicine today.” (Alfred D. Berger, “Marijuana,” Medical World News, July 16, 1971, pp. 37-43; reprinted in Marijuana Medical Papers). See also Grinspoon’s and Bakalar’s recent publication, Marihuana, the Forbidden Medicine for a full account of the many medical benefits of hemp.
[4] R.A. Wilson, Sex and Drugs .
[5] All but a few of the Templars denied these crimes, and those that confessed did so only after a great deal of torture had coaxed them to it. As for the charges of homosexuality and sodomy, this is not at all surprising considering the all male atmosphere of monastic life. Perhaps like certain orders of the Sufis, the Templars were tolerant enough of others to permit homosexuality among those who were drawn to it, unlike the Holy Roman Church which burned homosexuals when they were discovered.
[6] “And it is Bran’s mystical cauldron that numerous writers have sought to identify as the pagan precursor of the Holy Grail.” —Baigent, Leigh & Lincoln, 1982.
[10]The Woman's Encyclopedia of Myths and Secrets.
[11] Barbara Walker, The Woman’s Encyclopedia of Myths and Secrets. In this book, Barbara Walker offers the following origin for the story: “St. George the Dragon-slayer apparently evolved from a mythic meld of Green George with an Arian Bishop of Alexandria who opposed St. Athnasius, and put to death an orthodox master of the mint named Dracontius, “Dragon.’”
[12] Sula Benet, Early Diffusion and Folk Uses of Hemp.
[13] Here referring to the story’s hero, a giant who was named after the herb.
[14] Rabelais also states that his heroes drank as heartily “as the Templars.”
[15] See the Emperor Wears No Clothes, by J. Herer; also Hemp, Lifeline to the Future, by C. Conrad.
[16] In Estratto dai Lavori dell, Institute di Farmacognosia della Universita di Messina, Italy, no. 5.(1967) p. 24.
[17] The Emperor Wears No Clothes.
[18] Psychedelic Monographs and Essays Vol. 4, summer 1989, Thomas Lyttle, Ed. (Rabelais also mentions the Amanita muscaria mushroom, referring to “the good Fly Agaric” at least twice.)
[19] The term “pantagruelion” of course being used to avoid persecution from the church which had placed a ban on hemp.
[20] Author Ben Price commented that “through exaggeration” Rabelais, “made it clear that he was writing satire: It endangereth bad and unwholesome blood, and with its exorbitant heat woundeth them with grievous, hurtful, smart and noisome vapours.' In other words, Rabelais was gaffing, smoking grass will give you gas and make you fart!" (Ben Price, “Where the Pantagruelion Grows,” Psychedelic Monographs and Essays, Vol. 4,1989). Hemp isn’t known for giving you gas, but beans most certainly do.
[21] Rabelais used the bean as a symbol for his dear herb “Pantagruelion.” In 16th century Europe we find “[y]et another quaint custom related to hemp growing involved the election of King and Queen of the Beans on the twelfth day (the Epiphany, January 6).” (Abel) This celebration commenced with the hoisting of the King and Queen on to the shoulders of the participants so that they could make crosses on the beams of houses to protect them from evil spirits. This celebration was believed to give the participants a glimpse into the future at next years crop. If the man was taller, then the male hemp plants would be taller; if the lady was, then the female plants would be taller. (The Europeans felt they got a better fiber from the male plant.)
[22] Farid ud-Din Attar, “The Conference of the Birds,” translated by C.S. Nott, Shambala Boston, 1993.
[23] “Devils followers” refers to anybody who challenged the strict Catholic dogma of the time and practiced herbal medicine.
[24] We get the modern term "gibberish", from Geber’s name, and the complicated and cryptic alchemical papers associated with him.
[25] Idries Shah, The Sufis (1964).
[26] Dr. M. Aldrich, Cannabis and Its Derivatives.
[27] Elijiah the Artist.
[28] Another synonym for the “Philosopher's Stone.”
[29] Martin Luther and Paracelsus were contemporaries; Luther was ten years older than Paracelsus. During Paracelsus’ lifetime Luther and his band of Protestants were an oppressed minority and the Reformation had little effect on the "bombast" of Paracelsus
[30] Strangely Shah makes no direct mention of the Sufis rich history with hashish, although he does comment that the medieval witches picked up their use of powerful hallucinogenic plant drugs like thorn apple (Datura stramonium), and mandrakes from an earlier dervish influence.
[31] We should however make it clear that Alchemy was a synthesis of many philosophical and protoscientific systems and techniques. There were alchemists who dealt with the metamorphic relationship between energy and matter. They worked to produce a universal elixir from the mineral kingdom and were especially fond of the clan of metals. This universal elixir from the mineral kingdom could transmute any of the base metals into gold. That was proof that the alchemist had indeed made the true mineral Stone capable of initiating a metamorphosis in a human that lead to transcendent illumination and immortality.
[32] Hienrich Khunrath, (1560-1605) Amphitheatrum Sapientiae Aeternae Christiano-Kabalisticum, (Hanau, 1609; French edition, 1899), translated by Emile Grillot De Givry in Picture Museum of Sorcery Magic and Alchemy, 1929; (English publication, 1963).
[33] Hienrich Khunrath, Von hylealischen Chaos, from Psychology and Alchemy, C.G. Jung (1953); Princeton University Press, 1968.
[34] In a footnote here Jung qualifies the statement: “I am setting aside the later Rosicrucians and the early ‘Poimandres’ community, of which Zosimos speaks.” In all the alchemical literature in between he found only one questionable passage relating to a secret strictly alchemical society. He said it “may go back to very early times and thus to the Gnostic societies. Agrippa mentions an alchemical initiation vow which may possibly refer to the existence of secret societies.”
[35] Jung remarked the Tabernaemontanus does mention that a plant whose identity is obscured was “a cure for epilepsy and melancholic fantasies, makes sleepy and drunken like wine, is used in love-potions.”— Mysterium Coniuctionis page, 133.
[36] Mysterium Coniunctionis, pages 134, 135.
[37] Quoted in Psychology and Alchemy, page 460. [38] Originally published in 1625 as one of 22 alchemical treatise collected in The Hermetic Museum.
[39] As quoted in Le Mystere Des Cathederales, Fulcanelli.
[40] In the Koran, the bridge of Alsirat is the one leading from Hell to Heaven.
[41] The modern day Theosophical society denies hashish had any great influence on Blavatsky's life, admitting she may have experimented with it in her youth, but that is about the extent of it. But a number of well known authors, such as Benjamin Walker and the much respected English writer Colin Wilson, thought her use of cannabis was relevant enough to have commented on it. The Theosophists point to a couple of negative comments towards hashish Blavatsky made near the end of her life when her health had deteriorated from chain-smoking cigarettes, and found herself unhappily surrounded by scandal. Many people have blamed a substance for their own personal downfall, and marijuana makes just as good a scapegoat as any. As many of us have experienced, few seem as self-righteous as the reformed addict. The Theosophists also challenge the legitimacy of A.L. Rawson, suggesting his claims are suspect. The fact is that A.L. Rawson was one of a few life-long friends Blavatsky had, and she herself attested to the validity of his character. In Isis Unveiled Blavatsky makes the following comments concerning her good friend and associate A.L. Rawson: “Outside the East we have met one initiate (and one only), who, for some reasons best known to himself, does not make a secret of his initiation into the Brotherhood of Lebanon. It is the learned traveler and artist, Professor A.L. Rawson, of New York City. This gentleman has passed many years in the East, four times visited Palestine, and has traveled to Mecca. It is safe to say that he has a priceless store of facts about the beginnings of the Christian Church, which none but one who has had free access to repositories closed against the ordinary traveler could have collected.” Blavatsky goes on to quote Rawson concerning his initiation into a sect claiming secret knowledge concerning the roots of Christianity, the Druzes of Mount Lebanon. Edward Burman stated the following concerning the Druzes in The Assassins: “Their [the Druzes] faith makes them many ways the closest of the breakaway sects of Isma’ilism to the Assassins.” In his Journey to the Orient, De Nerval comments to the Druze sheik, “The Druze have been compared to the Pythagoreans, the Essenes, and the Gnostics, while some scholars claim that the Knights Templar exploited many of your ideas, and that the Rosicrucians and Freemasons have done the same today.”
[42] From The Connoisseur’s Handbook of Marijuana, W.D. Drake, 1971.
[43] The Shemhamphorash refers to the 72 syllables that Moses is reputed to have used to produce his "magick."
[44] A popular pharmaceutical preparation of cannabis extract in Crowley’s day.
[45] “The Dope, Sex and Magick of Aleister Crowley,” David Dalton, High Times Greatest Hits, St. Martin‘s Press, 1994, p. 50.
[47] Parsifal is the hero of the Grail myth.
[48] Referring to sacred occult formula of Isis-Osiris-Horus, and the Aeon of Horus, of which we are still in the infancy.
[49] James Wasserman, Art and Symbols of the Occult.
[50] R. A. Wilson, Cosmic Trigger.
[51] Unfortunately, it may be that the OTO has fallen from a group of high initiates into another debased cult. Tom Lyttle, editor of Psychedelic Monographs and Essays, commented on his former involvement with this modern Masonic group:
[52] “Lapis lazuli was the blue heaven stone prized for its power to give rebirth.” (B. Walker, The Woman's Encyclopedia Of Myths And Secrets).
[53] Liber VII Liber Liberi Vel Lapidis Lazuli, Adumbratio Kabbalae AEgyptiorum Sub Figura VII, reprinted in The Holy Books of Thelema (Samuel Weiser, Inc).
[54] From “The Psychology of Hashish.”
[55] Fulcanelli, Le Mystere des Cathederales.
[56] Idid p. 145.
[57] Les Cahier de la Tour Saint-Jacques, No. 9, Paris, 1962, excerpts and synopsis reprinted in The Fulcanelli Phenomenon, Kenneth Rayner Johnson.
[58] “Champagne once persuaded a naive young follower that the first essential step in alchemy was to stock a plentiful supply of coal, in readiness for when the furnace was lit and had to be kept burning over a long period. Goaded on by Champagne, the poor youth heaved sack after sack of the stuff up to his room, until there was scarcely room to lie down and sleep. Then, when it was time to apply the fire to his proposed operation, Champagne took the youth aside and seriously advised him not only was the search for the Philosopher’s Stone a dangerous quest, but an utterly vain one — leaving the student almost cramped out of his quarters by his massive supply of coal and, no doubt, well out of pocket.” (Kenneth Rayner Johnson, The Fulcanelli Phenomenon, recounting a story told by an associate of Champagne’s, named Boucher.)
[59] In Techniques of High Magic (Destiny Books, 1976) authors Francis King and Stephen Skinner list the following Astral projection ointment popularized in the 1890's: Lanolin—5 ounces; Hashish—1 ounce; Hemp flowers—1 handful; Poppy flowers—1 handful; Hallebore—1/2 handful.
[60] The leader of the Golden Dawn, MacGregor Mathers, took Crowley to court in an attempt to prevent him from publishing the secrets of the order, which Crowley later released through the many books he wrote.
[61] Reprinted in The Hashish Club, Peter Haining.
[62] G. Gurdjieff, Meetings With Remarkable Men.
[63] P.D. Ouspensky, In Search of the Miraculous, (Routledge Kegan & Paul, 1950), reprinted in The Fulcanelli Phenomenon.
[64] Originally published in P.D. Ouspensky, In Search of the Miraculous, (Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1950)
[65] Term used by G.R.S Mead in 1900 to describe Gnostic mysticism.
Source: http://www.alchemylab.com/cannabis_stone1.htm
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As soon as one turns to the topic of the "extermination of the
Jews", one finds that fragments of speeches made by the leading political
figures of the Third Reich, in particular, Hitler and Himmler, are
frequently cited as evidence. The rather strong language used with regard
to the Jews in certain passages of these speeches is simply taken at face
value, and, therefore, assumes an importance it really does not deserve.
Often such passages are taken out of context, and their significance in
relation to the whole text ignored. That has also been done with spoken and
written statements the German leaders of the period made on subjects other
than the Jewish Question.
Especially in the case of Hitler, such statements were made largely
in response to the numerous threats to exterminate the German people
uttered by Allied leaders and Jewish spokesmen. Perhaps the most vociferous
of the latter was Theodore Nathan Kaufman. In a book entitled GERMANY MUST
PERISH (1941), he expounded a plan to wipe out the German people by
sterilizing German men and women. Even better known is the "Morgenthau
Plan". Henry Morgenthau, Secretary of the US Treasury and a personal
advisor to President Roosevelt, thought starvation and economic
strangulation were the best means of getting rid of the German people, and
Roosevelt himself endorsed this plan. Nor should one forget that it was
Professor Friedrich Alexander Lindemann - later Lord Cherwell - who advised
the plan on which the carpet bombing that annihilated countless German
civilians was largely based. Finally, the Soviet "expert on international
law", A.N. Trainin, set forth a plan aimed at wiping out the German "ruling
class" and intelligentsia. His plan led to the London Charter, the basis
for the "jurisdiction" of the Nuremberg International Military Tribunal,
which actually did condemn the German leaders to death and imprisonment.
With the exception of Kaufmann's scheme, all these plans were at least
partially executed. If they were not carried out in full, it was more for
practical than humanitarian reasons.
Besides these very concrete extermination plans, which had no
counterpart on the German side, numerous general statements were made along
the same lines. Only a few of these will be mentioned here.
Perhaps the most famous exhortations to murder are those of
Stalin's Jewish propagandist Ilya Ehrenburg, who expressed such sentiments
as the following:
No longer do we say: "Good morning" or "Good night". In the
morning we say: "Kill a German", and in the evening: "Kill a
German".
Books, love, the stars no longer matter. The only thing that
matters is to kill the Germans. To kill them all. To bury them...
For us there is nothing more beautiful than German corpses. "Kill
a German !" -this is what the old mother begs of you. "Kill a
German!" -this is what a child implores. Germans are not human
beings. Germans are biped animals, disgusting creatures, beasts.
Germans are amoebae, soulless microbes, but equipped with
machines, guns, mortars.
If you have killed a German, kill another -nothing gladdens us
more than German corpses.
That Ehrenburg's exhortations to murder were not without their
effect is well known. What is not well known is that these homicidal
messages were translated into English for the benefit of the onward
marching "Christian Soldiers".
To be sure, his incitements to murder appeared at a time when the
war was at its greatest intensity. But long before the outbreak of war
threats to exterminate the German people were being broadcast around the
world. That is something, by the way, which one ought to take into account
when considering the question of "war guilt".
As early as January 1934, Vladimir Jabotinsky, the founder of
Revisionist Zionism, declared in the Jewish paper NASHA RETCH: "Our Jewish
interests require the final destruction of Germany; the Germans, each and
every one of them, are a danger to us". Likewise, on May 24, 1934, the
publisher of THE AMERICAN HEBREW, a leading Zionist, reportedly told the
American publicist Robert E. Edmondson that Jewry was "going to bring a war
on Germany". And on April 16, 1936, the YOUNGSTOWN JEWISH TIMES
(Youngstown, Ohio), commented that after the next war there would no longer
be a Germany. It predicted that "on signal from Paris", France and Belgium,
as well as the peoples of Czechoslovakia, would be set in motion to attack
the "German colossus", and, in a "deadly pincermovement", sever Prussia
from Bavaria, thus bringing Germany to extinction. (The only difference
between this fantasy and the reality of post-war Germany is that the new
borders were set elsewhere and the German people are not yet extinct,
though they certainly seem to be heading in that direction). Not long
after this article was published, THE AMERICAN HEBREW, in its issue of
April 30, 1937, expressed the same idea in a more general way when it
stated that Germany deserved to be eliminated from the family of nations.
This statement was echoed by the British newspaper THE PEOPLE, which, on
September 3, 1939, described the German people as the "mad dog of Europe",
and demanded their destruction. On the very same day, Churchill purportedly
declared in the House of Commons that this war was England's war and its
aim the destruction of Germany, ending his outburst with the paradoxical
battlecry: "Onward Christian Soldiers!"
No German statesman ever spoke of another people in such terms as
the British hate-monger Lord Vansittart used against the Germans when
attempting to justify the terror bombings: "The only good Germans are dead
Germans, so let the bombs fall!"
Those bombs fell, exactly as intended, on women, children, and old
people alike. This is the background against which one must consider the
angry statements made by German leaders. Although they have inevitably been
associated with the "extermination of the Jews", these statements were
mostly made in response to a torrent of hatred against the German
government and threats to annihilate the German people that was unleashed
even before the war. "Wie man in den Wald hineinruft, so schallt es heraus"
("As ye sow, so shall ye reap"; literally, "As you shout into the woods, so
it echoes forth"). What is more, some of the remarks attributed to the
German leaders are either spurious or have been misrepresented.
There is a vast difference between words and deeds. The attrocities
committed against Germans before, during, and after the war have been
impeccably documented. They even received publicity at the time they
occurred. The same cannot be said of the alleged murder of Jews -especially
since the most prominent Jews, leaders of the Jewish intellectual elite and
political leadership, who would have been the first victims of an actual
extermination plan, survived internment in Auschwitz and other
concentration camps.
But enough of these preliminary remarks. We shall now examine the
relatively few declarations relating to Germany's supposed ambition to
"exterminate the Jews" that come directly from German leaders of the time.
As we shall see, their statements were no worse than any made against the
Germans by the other side.
ADOLF HITLER
------------
Hitler quotations are usually introduced with the claim that Hitler
announced his goal of exterminating the Jews by means of lethal gas in MEIN
KAMPF. To support this claim, one cites the following sentences from his
book:
" Hatte man zu Kriegsbeginn und wahrend des Krieges einmal zwolf
- oder funfzehntausend dieser hebraischen Volksverderber so unter
Giftgas gehalten, wie Hunderttausende unserer allerbesten Arbeiter
aus allen Schichten und Berufen es im Felde erdulden muáten, dann
ware das Millionenopfer der Front nicht vergeblich gewesen. Im
Gegenteil: Zwolftausend Schurken zur rechten Zeit beseitigt,
hatte vielleicht einer Million ordentlicher, fur die Zukunft
wertvoller Deutscher das Leben gerettet. "
" If at the beginning of the war and during the war twelve or
fifteen thousand of these Hebrew corruptors of the people had
been held under poision gas, as happened to hundreds of
thousands of our very best German workers in the field, the
sacrifice of millions at the front would not have been in vain.
On the contrary: twelve thousand scoundrels eliminated in time
might have saved the lives of a million real Germans, valuable
for the future. "
These statements are found in Chapter 15 of Volume II, which is
entitled "The Right of Emergency Defense". Here Hitler was attacking
international Marxism, in Germany then led primarily by Jews. He was not
attacking Jews per se, still less advocating their general destruction.
These lines, written in 1925, refer exclusively to a situation that existed
at the end of World War I. From them one cannot infer that Hitler had some
"general idea" of exterminating, let along gassing, the Jews, as Karl
Dietrich Bracher, for example, would have us believe. To interpret them
objectively, one must bear in mind that Hitler is referring to the past,
and, moreover, is discussing a specific situation. These remarks can be
explained only in terms of Hiter's view of why Germany collapsed at the end
of World War I, as well as his own experience of gas warfare (which the
English, by the way, initiated). They should be taken as an emotional
outburst, not as an embryonic plan. Indeed, MEIN KAMPF is for the most part
more propagandistic than programmatic.
This passage from Hitler's book recalls the humanitarian sentiments
that Kurt Tucholsky, a Jew, expressed towards members of the German
middle-class who did not share his peculiar "pacifism":
" Moge das Gas in die Spielstuben eurer Kinder schleichen. Mogen
sie langsam umsinken, die Puppchen. Ich wunsche der Frau des
Kirchenrats und des Chefredakteurs und der Mutter des Bildhauers
und der Schwester des Bankiers, daá sie einen bitteren qualvollen
Tod finden, alle zusammen. "
" May the gas creep into the play-rooms of your children. They
should drop dead slowly, the little dolls. I'd like to see the
wife of the churchwarden and the editor-in-chief and the mother
of the sculptor and the sister of the banker die a bitter,
excruciating death, all of them, together. "
Now, we certainly are not charging that Tucholsky planned or
preached the murder-by-gassing of the German people. Yet it would be
interesting to see how those who accuse Hitler, on the basis of the passage
quoted above, of promoting the murder-by-gassing of the Jewish people would
react to Tucholsky's far more drastic outburst.
The first remarks in which Hitler specifically uses the word
"annihilation" ("Vernichtung") and "eradication" ("Ausrottung") in relation
to "the Jews" or "Jewry" were made in 1939. They were a reaction to world
Jewry's anti-German campaign, which, by that time, had reached a pitch of
frenzy, as shown at the beginning of this section. In particular, Hitler's
Reichstag speech of January 30, 1939 is often cited. There he declared,
inter alia:
" Wenn es dem internationalen Finanzjudentum innerhalb und
auáerhalb Europas gelingen sollte, die Volker noch einmal in
einen Weltkrieg zu sturzen, dann wird das Ergebnis nicht die
Bolschewisierung der Erde und damit der Sieg des Judentums sein,
sondern die Vernichtung der judischen Rasse in Europa. "
" If international finance-Jewry, inside and outside Europe, should
once again succeed in plunging the nations into a world war, the
result will not be the Bolshevization of the earth, and with that
the victory of Jewry, but rather the annihilation of the Jewish
race in Europe. "
Obviously, this statement is nothing more than a response to the
war threats that were constantly being made by influential Zionists. It was
meant as an admonition to those war-mongers. Heinrich Hartle interprets
this text as a sign of Hitler's deep committment to peace. He believes
Hitler did not intend to cause a war in order to annihilate the Jews, but
raised the spectre of their annihilation in order to prevent a war. In
using the word "annihilation", Hitler was only borrowing from the
vocabulary of his Zionist foes. Even if one rejects Hartle's
interpretation, one must not jump to the conclusion that the opposite
interpretation is correct. As noted above, angry words were part of the
vocabulary of the times. The rhetoric of Churchill and Roosevelt was no
less vehement.
When quoted in context -as they seldom are- these remarks show that
Hitler was not really suggesting the physical annihilation of the Jews.
This is how he continued his speech:
" Denn die Zeit der propagandistischen Wehrlosigkeit der
nichtjudischen Volker ist zu Ende. Das nationalsozialistische
Deutschland und das faschistische Italien besitzen jene
Einrichtungen, die es gestatten, wenn notwendig, die Welt uber
das Wesen einer Frage aufzuklaren, die vielen Volkern instinktiv
bewuát, nur wissenschaftlich unklar ist.
Augenblicklich mag das Judentum in gewissen Staaten seine Hetze
betreiben unter dem Schutz einer dort in seinen Handen
befindlichen Presse, des Films, der Rundfunkpropaganda, der
Theater, der Literatur usw. Wenn es diesem Volk aber noch einmal
gelingen sollte, die Millionenmassen der Volker in einen fur
diese ganzlich sinnlosen und nur judischen Interessen dienenden
Kampf zu hetzen, dann wird sich die Wirksamkeit einer Aufklarung
auáern, der in Deutschland allein schon in wenigen Jahren das
Judentum restlos erlegen ist. "
" For the non-Jewish peoples are no longer without the weapon of
propaganda. Both National Socialist Germany and Fascist Italy
have the equipment necessary to enlighten the world about the
nature of a problem that many nations instinctively recognize,
though they may lack a scientific view of it.
For the time being, the Jews may carry on their agitations in
certain states under the cover of the press, cinema, radio,
theatre, literature, etc., which are in their hands. But if the
Jewish nation should once again succeed in goading millions of
people from other nations into a totally senseless war, to serve
only Jewish interests, the efficacy of the kind of enlightenment
that in just a few years utterly defeated the Jews in Germany
will become manifest. "
Thus Hitler's threat was that if another world war broke out,
Zionism would be politically eliminated -by disclosing to the peoples of
the world its role in that catastrophe. He started from the premise -and
we may leave aside the question whether rightly or wrongly- that the
preservation of world peace depended largely on the stance of international
Jewry, which did indeed have an extraordinarily strong influence on nearly
all governments.
Even after the outbreak of war, Hitler continued to make such
threats. These, too, are cited in the literature on our topic as "proof" of
his ambition to exterminate the Jewish people, when, perhaps, they should
be viewed in terms of his repeated attempts to bring the western Allies to
their senses.
For example, on January 30, 1941, Hitler allegedly threatened that,
if another world war broke out, all European Jewry "would be done for" ("im
Falle eines neuen Weltkrieges seine Rolle ausgespielt"). Likewise, in a
speech delivered on January 30, 1942, he reportedly declared that the war
would result in the "extermination of Jewry in Europe" ("die Vernichtung
des Judentums in Europa"). And, on February 24, 1942, he is supposed to
have "prophesied" that through this war Aryan man would not be
exterminated, but the Jew extirpated ("durch diesen Krieg nicht die arische
Menschheit vernichtet, sondern der Jude ausgerottet"). In other speeches,
Hitler made similar untterances, but they are really not worth quoting.
None of these remarks are particularly shocking when compared with
the strongly worded statements Allied leaders and influential Zionists made
along the same lines. As I have said, it was then customary to use strong
language against one's opponents. In any case, Hitler's "prophesies" about
the eradication of the Jews had scarcely been fulfilled at that time, or
even at the end of the war. More importantly, in all of Hitler's speeches
and statements one cannot find a single reference to the alleged homidical
role of the concentration camps, in particular, Auschwitz-Birkenau,
purportedly the center of "systematic mass extermination of the Jews".
In the final analysis, all the allegations regarding Hitler's
"extermination policy" are at odds with a statement he is said to have made
towards the end of the war, on February 13, 1945:
" Wenn ich den Krieg gewinne, so mache ich der judischen Herrschaft
in der Welt ein Ende, ich versetze ihr den Todesstoá. Und wenn
ich diesen Krieg verliere, so werden sie dieses Sieges nicht
froh. Denn die Juden werden daruber den Kopf verlieren. Sie
werden ihre Uberheblichkeit bis zu einem solchen Grade steigern,
daá sie selbst die Reaktion herausforden. "
" If I win the war, I will put an end to Jewish domination of the
world. I will deal it a death-blow. And if I lose this war, they
will not rejoice in their victory. It will go to their heads.
They will increase their arrogance to such a degree that they
themselves will provoke a reaction. "
These remarks are extremely interesting. If the "re-education"
literature is to be believed, the Jews in the German sphere of influence
had already been largely exterminated. According to this statement,
however, Hitler planned merely to end "Jewish domination of the world"
-something quite different from physically destroying the entire race. Thus
even as the war drew to an end, the "extermination of the Jews" could not
have been Hitler's goal. This is also evident from the text of Hitler's
Political Testament that was published by the Nuremberg International
Military Tribunal (Nuremberg Document 3569-PS). Among other things, this
document states:
" Ich habe aber auch keinen Zweiful daruber gelassen, daá wenn die
Volker Europas wieder nur als Aktienpakete dieser internationalen
Geld- und Finanzverschworer angesehen werden, dann auch jenes
Volk zur Verantwortung gezogen werden wird, das der eigentlich
Schuldige an diesem morderischen Ringen ist: das internationale
Judentum! Ich habe weiter keinen daruber in Unklaren gelassen,
daá dieses Mal nicht nur Millionen Kinder von Europaren der
arischen Volker verhungern werden, nicht nur Millionen
erwachsener Manner den Tod erleiden und nicht nur Hunderttausende
an Frauen und Kindern in der Stadten verbrannt und zu Tode
bombardiert werden durften, ohne daá der eigentlich Schuldige,
wenn auch durch humanere Mittel, seine Schuld zu buáen hat. "
" I also made it clear that, if the nations of Europe were again to
be regarded merely as shares to be bought and sold by these
international conspirators of money and finance, then that nation
which is the real guitly part in this murderous struggle
- international Jewry - would be called to account. Moreover, I
made it clear to everybody that this time not only would millions
of children in the European Aryan nations starve to death, not
only would millions of grown men meet their death, and not only
would millions of women and children be burnt and bombed to death
in the cities, but the real culprit would have to pay for his
guilt as well, even though by more human means than war. "
Two things are worth noting here. First, even shortly before his
death Hitler apparently knew nothing about a mass extermination of Jews in
"death camps", for otherwise he would have worded his Political Testament
differently. Second, if Hitler aimed at exterminating the Jews and this had
actually been accomplished, it would have been characteristic of him to
boast triumphantly of the accomplishment. But he only says that the "real
guilty party in this murderous struggle", "international Jewry" -but not
"the Jews" as such- would have to pay for its guilt, "even though by more
humane means than war". Thus Hitler was not reffering to any possibility of
physically eliminating the Jewish people, but anticipating that the Jewish
leader-stratum would receive some kind of punishment, which, in his own
words, would be more "humane" than the slaughter of European soldiers and
civilians in the war. His remarks could apply to the period after the
victory for which he may still have entertained some hope. If so, it should
be understood as a warning to the Jewish leaders and an assignment for his
successors.
HEINRICH HIMMLER
----------------
After Hitler's speeches, it is mainly the speeches of Himmler in
which one seeks to find circumstantial evidence for the alleged racially
motivated murder of the Jews. Speeches and excerpts of speeches of his
supposedly relating to this subject have been published with a commentary
by Agnes F. Peterson and Bradley F. Smith under the rather sensational
title HEINRICH HIMMLER: GEHEIMREDEN 1933 BIS 1945. Of course, it is absurd
to call a speech delivered before a relatively large audience "secret". Nor
is it known whether Himmler ever designated any of his speeches so.
Evidently the title was chosen in the hope of selling more copies of the
book.
According to the "Remarks on the Edition" at the end of the book
these speeches were discovered in the files of the "Personal Staff of the
Reichsfuhrer-SS", which the Americans seized as war booty. Today they are
reportedly in the Bundesarchiv in Coblenz. Before they were returned, they
were microfilmed. Whether they are entirely genuine is open to question.
Himmler was in the habit of formulating his speeches as he went
along, using notes that he had written down himself, which often consisted
of no more than a dozen phrases. According to Peterson and Smith, there are
only four or five completely prepared texts among the documents published
in their collection, but they do not specifiy which one. From the end of
1942, Himmler's speeches were frequently -though not always-
phonographically recorded with two machines. These devices are said to have
worked poorly, leaving big gaps in the recordings. Beginning in 1943,
SS-Untersturmfuhrer Werner Alfred Venn was solely responsible for making
and keeping the transcripts of Himmler's speeches. It is not clear just who
had this duty before. Venn is supposed to have taken down and typed out the
speeches - even making "corrections" (!) in the text, but changing the
meaning "barely or not at all".
One can well imagine the possibilities for error involved in the
preparation of these "documents". What is more, the American officials who
"evaluated" the staff files of the Reichsfuhrer-SS had ample opportunities
to manipulate the papers, and probably took advantage of them, for some of
Himmler's speeches were presented in evidence at the Nuremberg IMT trial.
Peterson and Smith claim that Venn sent his transcripts of the
speeches to Himmler, who then revised them slightly. Nobody asks whether
this would have made any sense. If these were "secret speeches", there was
little possibility of their ever being published. Moreover, it is doubtful
whether Himmler had the time to go over his speeches carefully. Since they
had already been delivered, that must have seemed a useless undertaking.
How Peterson and Smith discovered these intimate details is a mystery.
There is considerable doubt as to whether the versions of the
speeches that were presented to a horrified world after the fall of the
Third Reich were identical with speeches Himmler may have actually have
delivered. Nevertheless, we are bound to discuss here those passages which
are cited in support of the extermination thesis. Although they are
constantly used to "substantiate" the charge that murders-by-gassing
ocurred at Auschwitz, they contain no mention of Auschwitz or any other
alleged "extermination camp".
Most frequently cited is an address Himmler delivered on October 4,
1943 before a gathering of SS-Gruppenfuhrer at Posen. Though basically a
survey of the situation at the beginning of the fifth year of the war, it
contains a discussion -relatively brief- of "The Clearing out of the Jews"
("Die Judenevakuierung"). At any rate, that is the heading this passage of
the transcript was given when it was presented in evidence at the Nuremberg
IMT trial (Nuremberg Document 1919-PS). According to this document, Himmler
declared:
" I also want to talk to you, quite frankly, on a very grave
matter. Among ourselves it should be mentioned quite frankly, and
yet we will never speak of it publicly ... I mean the clearing
out of the Jews, the extermination of the Jewish race. It's one
of those things it is easy to talk about - "The Jewish race is
being exterminated", says one party member, "that's quite clear,
it's in our program - elimination of the Jews, and we're doing
it, exterminating them". And then they come, 80 million worthy
Germans, and each one has his decent Jew. Of course the others
are vermin, but this one is an A-1 Jew. Not one of all those who
talk this way has witnessed it, not one of them has been through
it. Most of you know what it means when 100 corpses are lying
side by side, or 500 or 1000. To have stuck it out and at the
same time - apart from exceptions caused by human weakness - to
have remained decent fellows, that is what has made us hard. This
is a page of glory in our history which has never been written
and is never to be written, for we know how difficult we should
have made it ourselves if - with the bombing raids, the burdens
and the deprivations of war - we still had Jews today in every
town as secret saboteurs, agitators and trouble-mongers. We would
now probably have reached the 1916/17 stage when the Jews were
still in the German national body.
We have taken their wealth from them. I have issued a strict
order, which SS-Obergruppfuhrer Pohl has carried out, that this
wealth should, as a matter of course, be handed over to the Reich
without reserve. We have taken none of it for ourselves.
Individual men who have lapsed will be punished in accordance
with an order I issued at the beginning, which gave this warning;
Whoever takes so much as a mark of it, is a dead man. A number of
SS men - there are not very many of them - have fallen short, and
they will die, without mercy. We had the moral right, we had the
duty to our people, to destroy this people which wanted to
destroy us. But we have not the right to enrich ourselves with so
much as a fur, a watch, a mark, or a cigarette or anything else.
Because we have exterminated a bacterium we do not want, in the
end, to be infected by the bacterium and die of it. I will not
see so much as a small area of the sepsis appear here or gain a
foothold. Wherever it may form, we will cauterize it. Altogether,
however, we can say that we have fulfilled this most difficult
duty for the love of our people. And our spirit, our soul, our
character has not suffered injury from it. "
All of this may come as a shock to the unbiased but uninitiated
reader, who might get the impression that Himmler was actually talking
about ideologically motivated, systematic murder of Jews. But those who are
acquainted with the facts of this period in history will find it difficult
to believe that Himmler made all these remarks, some of which are utterly
nonsensical. A fair guess is that certain passages necessary to the
continuity of the document are missing, for no logical connection really
exists between the things Himmler purportedly discussed in this speech. He
seems to be talking about several different matters, viz., the evacuation
of the Jews, the efforts of the Einsatzgruppen to combat guerilla warfare,
the suppression of Jewish mutinies in Sobibor, Treblinka (autumn 1943),
and, most especially, the Warsaw Ghetto (April-May 1943). That Himmler is
not referring to large-scale, systematic murder of the Jews -even when he
is apparently discussing executions- is evident from the comparatively
small number of "corpses" he mentions: 100, 500 or 1,000. Far greater
numbers of people are usually said to have perished in the "gas chambers"
at any one time.
Let us examine some details of Himmler's alleged statements which
not only indicate that the passage quoted above is incomplete, but also add
to the suspicion that it may be forged.
Above all, it is astonishing that Himmler should have had no qualms
about defining "evacuation of the Jews" as "extermination of the Jewish
people". Of course, one may claim that he was simply employing the
"code-words" purportedly used by functionaires involved in the
"extermination program", but, as we have noted, there is no proof that such
a jargon existed. The audience for this speech was definitely not composed
of those SS leaders who might have been involved in the "secret
extermination of the Jews" -assuming for a moment there was such a plan. If
they had been, Himmler surely would have commented in greater detail on
this subject, instead of limiting himself to generalities. All things
considered, it is quite improbable that he would have suddenly confronted an
unprepared audience with the "real" meaning of the term "evacuation of the
Jews". If the "extermination of the Jews" were, as is usually claimed, so
highly secret that Hitler personally communicated to Himmler the order to
carry it out, would Himmler have discussed this matter before a large
assembly of men who had little or nothing to do with it? Here one recalls
that it is frequently alleged, on the basis of statements made by Rudolf
Hoss, that Himmler personally transmitted Hitler's "secret order" for the
"extermination of the Jews" to Hoss, the commandant of Auschwitz,
instructing him to keep absolutely silent about it. If this were so,
Himmler would not have enlarged the circle of initiates to any great
extent, even without going into details. Hence this portion of the speech
cannot be authentic.
It seems strange, too, that Himmler should allude to the
"elimination" ("Ausrottung") of the Jews as being contained in the party
program of the NSDAP, since it is neither mentioned nor implied there.
Himmler's supposed claim to the contrary, no level-headed Party Comrade
would never have seriously advocated such a thing. That Himmler uttered
this nonsense in front of high-ranking SS leaders, who were perfectly
familiar with the NSDAP program, is virtually impossible. Somebody who had
not the faintest inkling of the actual contents of the NSDAP program must
have slipped these remarks into the speech.
Just as incongruous is the statement in the second paragraph of the
address: "We had the moral right, we had the duty to our people, to destroy
this people which wanted to destroy us" ("Wir hatten das moralische Recht,
wir hatten die Pflicht gegenuber unserem Volk, dieses Volk, das uns
umbringen wollte, umzubringen"). Himmler allegedly said this when
discussing the confiscation of the evacuated Jews' wealth. In that context,
it stands out as a foreign body. Since the Jews still residing in Germany
and German-occupied territory were -considering that a war was going on-
undoubtedly a security risk, as Himmler pointed out, their evacuation and
internment in camps or ghettos was perhaps necessary, but not their murder,
which is what the word "umbringen" ("destroy", "kill") denotes. It may be
argued that the Jews were quarantined out of racial hatred, not for any
logical reason. But that would not explain why Himmler had no reservations
about discussing an "extermination plan" when the official line was that
Jews were simply being "evacuated" eastwards. To say that this was, after
all, a "secret speech" is to beg the question.
Quite possibly, the words "Ausrottung" (which can mean either
"extermination or "uprooting") and "umbringen" (which can mean either
"destroy" or kill") were mistranslated -deliberately or accidentally- in
the passage of the speech that appears in English under the heading "The
Clearing Out of the Jews" (see above) if indeed Himmler used these words.
Deliberate mistranslations are nothing new. When President Roosevelt, who
saw the mutual defense pact between Germany and Japan as the "back door"
through which an unwilling American people could be herded into the
European conflict, was zealously attempting to provoke a war with Japan, a
U.S. government agency deliberately mistranslated a Japanese official
document. Thanks to Professor Rassinier, we know that distorted
translations were employed in the Nurember IMT trial. For example, in a
retroversion of the English translation of the "Wannsee Protocol" the
phrase "Zuruckdrangung der Juden" ("pushing back the Jews", ie., to the
East European countries from whence they came to Germany) was rendered as
"Vernichtung" ("extermination"). To give another instance, the American
Chief Prosecutor cited a translation in which the expression "Ausrottung
des Judentums" ("eradication of Jewry" or "Judaism") was made into
"extermination of the Jews" -which, of course, is something altogether
different. For as Rassinier has pointed out, Jewry is, among other things,
an idea, or, to put it in other words, an expression of a common mentality,
just as is Christianity (or Christendom). When one speaks of eradicating an
idea, that does not necessarily mean physically exterminating the bearers
of that idea, in this case, individual Jews. At least, one should not jump
to that conclusion. Rassinier maintains that in this speech of Himmlers's
the term "Ausrottung" is used not in the sense of "extermination", but
rather "exclusion", or "elimination of the influence", of the Jews.
Be that as it may, Nuremberg Document 1919-PS must be considered
highly suspect, especially the part of it quoted above. It contains so many
muddled, incongruous, and utterly nonsensical remarks that even in the
post-war "re-education" literature it is usually cited only by the
sentence. In their collection of "secret speeches", Peterson and Smith make
only a brief mention of this address. Instead of reproducing it, they give
the full text of another of Himmler's speeches, delivered two days later,
on October 6, 1943, before a meeting of Reichsleiter and Gauleiter in
Posen. It also contains a discussion of the "Jewish Question", which
Peterson and Smith describe as the "most open and characteristic passage on
the extermination of the Jews". In point of fact, the train of thought is
much the same as in Nuremberg Document 1919-PS, though this speech is
somewhat better organized than the earlier one and lacks its crass
absurdities. According to this text, Himmler made the following remarks on
the "Jewish Question":
" In this connection, I may comment before this very tightly knit
group on a matter which you, my Party Comrades, all take for
granted, and which is the most difficult task I have ever faced
in my life, the Jewish problem. All of you gladly take it for
granted that there are no longer any Jews in your administrative
districts. All Germans - with a few individual exceptions - are
aware that we could not have endured the bombings, the hardships
of the fourth year of the war, and could not endure fifth and
sixth years of war that are perhaps yet to come, if we still had
this demoralizing pest in our national body. "The Jews must be
eradicated". This brief sentence is easily said. But for the man
who must carry out what it calls for, it is the gravest and
hardest thing in existence. Now, look, after all they're Jews,
only Jews. That's plain enough. But just think about how many
people - including Party comrades - have addressed to me and
other officials those famous petitions of theirs in which they
say: The Jews are all bastards, of course, but so-and-so is a
good Jew and should be left alone. I daresay, judging by the
number of such appeals and the number of people who express such
opinions, the number of "good Jews" in Germany must have exceeded
the total Jewish population! In Germany we have millions and
millions of people who each have their "one good Jew". I mention
this only because you can see in the vital field of your own
administrative districts how many respected and upright National
Socialists have their "good Jew".
I ask you assembled here pay attention to what I have to say,
but not repeat it. The question came up: Well, what about the
women and children? - I came to a determinedly simple conclusion
about that, too. I did not believe that I had the right to wipe
out the men - rather I should say, kill them or have them killed
- and let their children grow up to avenge themselves on our sons
and grandsons. The hard decision to wipe this people off the face
of the earth had to be made. For us, the organization that had to
carry out this task, it was the most difficult one we ever had.
But it was accomplished, and without - I believe I can say - our
men and their leaders suffering any mental or spiritual damage.
That was clearly a danger. To become too brutal, too heartless,
and lose respect for human life, or to be too soft and bring
oneself to the point of a nervous breakdown - the path between
these two ever-present possibilities is incredibly narrow, the
course between Scylla and Charybdis.
We have turned over to the Reich Ministry of Economics all the
wealth we confiscated from the Jews - the sums were staggering -
right down to very last penny. I have always maintained: We have
a duty to our people, to our race, we have a duty to a leader
such as has been given to our people only once in 2,000 years,
not to be pretty here, but to go the limit, as we must do in all
things if we are to win the war. Yet we do not have the right to
take even one penny of the wealth confiscated from the Jews. At
the outset, I laid down the line: Any SS men who take so much as
a mark of it are as good as dead. In the past few days, I've had
to sign a number of death sentences - I might as well say it,
there were about a dozen. One has to be strict here, or everyone
will suffer. I considered in my duty to speak very openly to you
- the highest bearers of the will, the highest dignitaries, of
the Party, of this political order, of this political instrument
of the Fuhrer - about this matter and to give the facts as they
are. By the end of the year, the Jewish problem in the lands we
have occupied will be solved. There will be left only remnants,
individual Jews who are in hiding. The problem of Jews who are
partners in mixed marriages and the problem of half-Jews will, in
accordance with this policy, be rationally examined, decided
upon, and resolved.
Believe me, I've had lots of trouble with many units of the
economic apparatus. I cleared out big Jewish ghettos in the lines
of communication areas. In Warsaw, we had four weeks of
street-fighting in the ghetto. Four weeks! We had to clean out
around 700 bunkers. The whole ghetto was making fur coats,
dresses, and the like. Time was, if you tried to lay a hand on
that place, you'd be told: Stop! You're interfering with the war
effort. Stop! This is part of the armaments industry. - Of
course, Party Comrade Speer had nothing to do with that. There is
nothing you people can do about it. It is a part of the so-called
armaments industry that Comrade Speer and I will be cleaning up
in the forthcoming weeks and months. We will do this quite
unsentimentally, as all things must be done in the fifth year of
the war, without sentiment but with a stout heart for Germany.
With this I'll wind up my discussion of the Jewish problem. You
now have the necessary information, and you will keep it to
yourselves. At some much later date, one may consider the
possibility of telling the German people a little more. I believe
that it is better that we all bear this together for our people,
as we have done, and take the responsibility on ourselves (the
responsibility for a deed, not just for an idea) and take this
secret with us to our graves. "
The "re-education" scribblers are fond on quoting this speech. In
contrast to them, I have reproduced this passage in its entirety, so that
Himmler's remarks can be seen in context. Even if it seems more polished
than the Posen address, and, above all, does not contain as many glaring
absurdities, this speech cannot be judged in any different terms. It is
quite improbable that Himmler would have used such remarks to inform
Reichsleiter and Gauleiter of the genocide supposedly carried out by the SS
on his orders.
No doubt the first and third paragraphs of this excerpt concern the
evacuation of the Jews from Germany and the occupied Western European
countries. This is especially true of the last part of the third paragraph
(after the dashes), which, incidentally, contains an echo of the "Wannsee
Protocol" in its approach to the problem of mixed marriages and persons of
mixed parentage. Since Himmler mentions "remnants" who are "in hiding", he
can only be referring here to the evacuation of the Jews from Germany and
the occupied European countries. He could not be referring to the
subsequent fate of Jews evacuated to the eastern ghettos and concentration
camps, for there they would find no place to "hide". The sentence "The Jews
must be eradicated" ("Die Juden mussen ausgerottet werden"), in the first
paragraph, is an absurdity, and was probably forged into the text. Inasmuch
as nobody in Germany had at that time heard anything about the "eradication
of the Jews", Himmler would have had to provide these high-ranking national
and regional administrators with some explanation of the term. Otherwise,
these men, who were acknowledged leaders of the Party, would have been
puzzled by it. In fact, if Himmler had discussed such a thing as killing
off the Jews, he would most likely have chosen a word like "elimination"
rather than "eradication".
When I asked two former Gauleiter, Karl Wahl and Rudolf Jordan,
whether they had ever heard something from Himmler, directly or indirectly,
about "this type of solution to the Jewish Question" (as I put it to Wahl)
or something about the "mass murder of the Jewish people" (as I put it to
Jordan), neither of them could recall anything. And neither of them could
remember specific details of the meeting at Posen on October 6, 1943.
Gauleiter Wahl believes it is possible that he missed the conference
because of illness. He told me: "In 17 long years" - that is how long Wahl
served as Gauleiter - "I never heard him say anything that was not humane
or moral ... I cannot conceive of Himmler's being so stupid as to make any
such remarks, or, if he did, which I do not believe, to preserve them so
that these literary shysters could publish them 30 years later". This last
point is remarkably well taken. It casts doubt on the authenticity of
Himmler's alleged discourse on the "Jewish Question", especially the final
paragraph of it. For how can any rational person believe that Himmler would
have had his remarks written down for posterity if he wanted to take the
"secret" of the "Final Solution" with him to the grave, and advised his
listeners to do the same? The real author of these lines must have
believed - and it seems with good reason - that the human race is awfully
gullible.
Gauleiter Jordan told me that during the war he heard "some
executions took place in connection with tactical problems of combating
guerilla warfare", but these had nothing to do with the so-called Final
Solution; they were "necessary wartime measures". I brought up this
interpretation when discussing Himmler's address of October 4, 1943 to the
SS-Gruppenfuhrer, and I think the second paragraph indisputably confirms
it. As I have pointed out, the second paragraph of the excerpt has no
discernible relation to the first paragraph. Some of Himmler's later
speeches clarify and corroborate the fact thatthis reference must be to
executions carried out against partisans.
Even if Wahl and Jordan did not attend the meeting at which Himmler
delivered this talk, they no doubt would have heard, in some way or other,
of his remarks on the "Jewish problem" had he actually made them. Their
statements on this subject are therefore very pertinent. In my estimation,
they are satisfactory proof that Himmler did not express the notions
attributed to him in the present version of the speech of October 6, 1943.
It would be a cheap shot to impugn the veracity of these two contemporary
witnesses because of their former rank in the NSDAP - particularly since
Himmler, as I already pointed out, would have had no reason to discuss the
"Final Solution" with outsiders like Wahl and Jordan.
Posted: 13:22 February 10, 2008
Dr. Hermann Oberth who pioneered rocket design for the German Reich during World War II and later advanced rocket technology for the American manned space launches, cryptically stated: "We cannot take the credit for our record advancement in certain scientific fields alone; we have been helped."
When asked by whom, he replied: "The people of other worlds."
Oberth's fellow associate space pioneer, who also served the Third Reich, Wernher Von Braun, echoed similar knowledge of the extra-terrestrial reality when he stated in 1959, "We find ourselves faced by powers which are far stronger than hitherto assumed, and whose base is at present unknown to us. More I cannot say at present. We are now engaged in entering into closer contact with those powers, and within six or nine months time it may be possible to speak with more precision on the matter. "
[From "Above Top Secret" by Timothy Good, William Morrow and Company, Inc. 1988.]

Just who were "the people of other worlds" that Dr. Oberth spoke of so blithely?
And were both of these esteemed German scientists making oblique reference to one of UFOlogy's most pervasive and tantalizing 'myths'- the alleged link between the Third Reich of pre-World War II Germany and… EXTRATERRESTRIALS?

Following military defeat of the First World War, certain occult secret societies emerged in Germany intent upon discovering clues to the existence of ancient lost civilizations that once flourished on this planet; civilizations that reportedly possessed remarkable, almost magical technologies that allowed them mastery of the seas and the skies and even inter-stellar space travel.
Inspiration to rediscover such technologies were to be found in a novel published in 1871 by Rosicrucian author Edward Bulwer-Lytton, entitled, "THE COMING RACE".
Lytton tells the tale of an intrepid explorer who discovers an advanced race of humans living within a vast subterranean world who call themselves "Vril-ya". These beings had formerly been surface dwellers until a global catastrophe not unlike the Old Testament flood, forced them to take refuge deep in the Earth.
The survival of this marvelous society was facilitated by their application of a force they referred to as "Vril". As Bulwer-Lytton wrote in "the Coming Race":
"…An explanation of which I understood very little, for there is no word in any language I know which is an exact synonym for 'vril.' I should call it electricity, except that it comprehends in its manifold branches other forces of nature, to which in our scientific nomenclature, differing names are assigned, such as magnetism, galvanism, etc. These people consider that in 'vril' they have arrived at the unity in natural energetic agencies, which has been conjectured by many philosophers above ground…"
It was supposed by some that Lytton's book was not altogether a work of fiction, and in fact, he was privy to secrets that lost Lemurian and Atlantean artifacts still existed in clandestine caches hidden in the Gobi Desert and Tibet. And during the lull between the First and Second World War, rediscovering these forgotten technologies became the primary focus of two secret German societies, both the 'Thule' and the 'Vril'. Mastery of an occult force such as 'Vril' would not only assure German technical dominance-it would ultimately liberate Germany from any crippling co-dependence upon the international petroleum cartels dominated by Germany's conquerors-the United States and Britain.
Initiates of both the Thule and Vril societies were determined to develop an 'alternative science' and 'alternative technologies' based on principles possessed by the great 'lost' civilization of Atlantis; a "spiritual "dynamo-technology" superior to the mechanistic notions of modern science". Thus to rediscover this source of universal free energy and make it readily available as a benefit to the modern world became their goal.
Thule member, Dr. W. O. Schumann of the Technical University in Munich, declared "In everything we recognize two principles that determine the events; light and darkness, good and evil, creation and destruction-as in electricity we know plus and minus. It is always; either-or…
Everything destructive is of Satanic origin, everything creative is divine… Every technology based on explosion or combustion has thus to be called Satanic. The coming new age will be an age of new, positive, divine technology…"
Hence, the goal to harness 'Vril', Prana, the fundamental, limitless, cosmic life-force energy-a power source that would function harmoniously with our natural world-became an integral focus of these German secret societies.

The medium Maria Orsic was leader of the 'Vrilerinnen', the beautiful young ladies of the Vril Gesellschaft. Characteristically they all wore their hair in long horsetails, contrary to the popular short bobbed fashion of their day, claiming their long hair acted as cosmic antennas that helped facilitate their contact with extraterrestrials beings from beyond.
According to the legend of the German Vril society, a fateful meeting was held in 1919 at an old hunting lodge near Berchtesgaden, where Maria Orsic presented to a small group assembled from the Thule, Vril and Black Sun Societies, telepathic messages she claimed to have received from an extraterrestrial civilization existing in the distant Aldebaran solar system, sixty-eight light years away, in the Constellation of Taurus. One set of Maria's channeled transmissions was found to be in a secret German Templar script unknown to her.

A second series of transmissions appeared to be written in an ancient eastern language, which Babylonian scholars associated with the Thule group, recognized as ancient Sumerian. Maria Orsic along with Sigrun, another of the Vril Society's female mediums, began the task of translating these transmissions and discovered they contained instructions for building a circular flight machine.

However, it should be important to consider the possible motivation behind the Aldebaran civilization's offer to assist the Vril Group and Germany. Researcher Wendelle Stevens tells us that, rather than a militant gesture of aid to aggressive Nazis, the Aldebarans perceived an economic disparity in Earth cultures that fueled perpetual wars and conflict. To alleviate this disparity the Aldebarans reasoned that by offering 'free-energy' technologies, used to create affordable mass transportation devices, a new innovative generation of industries, promoting prosperity and greater peaceful interaction between nations might result; thus diminishing violent wars.
Clearly such a plan resonated with members of both the Thule and Vril Societies and their dream for a New World based on 'alternative science'.

Upon studying these otherworldly, esoteric designs, Dr. W. O. Schumman and his associates from the University of Munich realized the channeling actually contained viable physics, and over the ensuing years construction was initiated to make this flying machine a reality. By 1922 development of a working prototype was underway.
Meanwhile, Germany saw the inception of the National Socialist Party and Adolph Hitler's rise to power, fueled in part by the utopian visions of a new world order inspired by the Thule and Vril Societies. By 1934, the first manned test flight of the RFZ-1 took place. However, the results were less than auspicious. Flown by intrepid World War I ace, Lothar Waiz, the craft wobbled to altitude of 60 meters and upon landing, the pilot, managed to escape from the craft just in time before it spun out of control, ripping to pieces like a drunken top.
Before the end of that year a much-improved version, the five meter RFZ-2, was test flown successfully and eventually flying disc development was taken over by Division SS E-IV of the Nazi military. The fundamental physics were as simple as a child's spinning gyroscope-circular discs spun in counter-rotation create an anti-gravity effect; an effect as timeless as that described by the Old Testament prophet Ezekiel and his 'fiery chariot'-"a wheel within a wheel. " Had he been witness to a flying machine from Aldebaran?

Contrary to his professed aim to create a world of cosmic harmony, Hitler sent his Panzer tanks and infantry into Poland in 1939, thus precipitating the altogether destructive Second World War. And despite the fact that he also outlawed all secret societies in Germany, the Thule and Vril Gesellschafts maintained their autonomy, and development of Vril levitating saucer craft continued, despite funding competition from conventional Luftwaffe war-production imperatives.
Aero-Technical Unit V-7 designed a number of hybrid saucers that combined both exotic anti-gravity and conventional turbojet propulsion systems, creating vertical lift craft that were essentially precursors to modern helicopters.
However, the distinctly separate SS E-IV Unit, bore the sole responsibility of developing Hitler's dream of free-energy propulsion. By 1941, the successful Vril-2 levitation craft was employed for transatlantic reconnaissance flights. The RFZ-2 craft employed the "Schumman-Levitator" drive for vertical lift and when activated, the craft displayed effects commonly described in many UFO accounts; blurring of visible contours, and luminous ionization colors relative to the craft's engine acceleration; varying from orange to green, blue to white. As well, the craft made radical 90 degree turns characteristic of UFO flight.

Tragically, the Reich diverted the peaceful intent of the Aldebarans's levitation technology. Following the success of the RFZ-2, a single pilot combat model was designed. The advanced Vril-1 Fighter was capable of 12000 km/h with full speed right angle turns with no adverse G-effects on the pilot. Since the craft flew in a self-contained envelope of its own gravitational field, the pilot experienced no sense of motion or inertia.

Subsequent levitation-craft advances between 1941 and 1944 spawned the "Haunebu" series, the 'heavy hitters' of Reich's saucer fleet. Development of powerful tachyon magneto-gravitic drives-"Thule-Tachyonators" (speculated to be large spheres of vertically rotating mercury)-allowed design of 75 foot diameter armored saucer ships equipped with armaments such as Panzer-tank cannon turrets mounted to the underside. Other craft were equipped with klystron laser cannons.

By Christmas of 1943, medium Maria Orsic of the Vril Gesellschaft, claimed that subsequent transmissions from Aldebaran revealed there were two habitable planets orbiting that star and that the ancient Mesopotamian civilization of Sumeria was linked to earlier colonies of Aldebaran explorers. The seers discovered that the Aldebaran written language was identical to that of the Sumerians and was phonetically similar to that of spoken German.
It was also revealed that a 'dimension channel' or 'worm-hole' existed connecting our two solar systems. Thus in January of 1944, possibly aware that Germany's war efforts were faltering, Hitler and Himmler authorized an audacious plan to send a Vril-7 saucer ship into the dimensional channel, perhaps to secure assistance from the Aldebaran civilization. The venture resulted in near disaster, the Vril-7 returned with its hull reportedly aged as if it had been flying for a hundred years and its surface damaged in several places.

Meanwhile, the Allies sampled an unpleasant taste of the deadly weapons potential of German saucers. In 1944, a massive bombing raid was launched against the critical ball-bearing plant at Schweinfurt. Within a matter of hours a squadron of ten to fifteen Nazi discs managed to shoot down as many as one hundred and fifty British and American bombers-one quarter of the entire bomber contingent. Still, facing overwhelming odds, the crumbling Reich lacked sufficient saucer squadrons to turn the tide.

With the military fate of the Reich in doubt, an ambitious, energetic General rose within the SS inner circle elite to a level of power that rivaled perhaps that of even the Fuhrer himself. Hans Kammler, a protégé' of Heinrich Himmler, had earned a reputation with his skills for rapid development and implementation of underground manufacturing facilities, and vast mobilization of slave labor consignments from concentration camps.

By 1945 Kammler had secured control over all top secret SS projects that were missile or 'aircraft' related. Certainly, Vril projects would have been one of his foremost priorities.
Cunning and shrewd, Kammler easily bore the qualifications to mastermind construction of 'special projects' facilities at the South Pole. And as of April 17, 1945, Kammler disappeared from Germany, presumably escaping capture aboard a lumbering, six-engine Junkers 390 cargo plane bound for an unknown destination.

Neither was military assistance forthcoming from Aldebaran, but perhaps safe haven was offered instead, as a massive 250-foot diameter Haunebu III dreadnaught armed with four, triple-gun, heavy caliber naval turrets and capable of space flight was allegedly completed by April of 1945.


With the specter Russian, British and American armies all relentlessly advancing on the German heartland, supplies, scientists, and saucer components were being steadily evacuated from Europe by U-boats to secret enclaves in Germany's Antarctic colony-Neuschwabenland.

Just one month prior to the Haunebu III's completion a cryptic message was sent by Maria Orsic to all members of the Vril Society, simply stating:
The psychic medium Maria was never heard from again, perhaps having escaped -like Kammler- to South America, the Antarctic, or possibly even… Aldebaran!
The question remains, was she Kammler's collaborator or captive?

Coordinated "Operation High Jump" (1947)
By inevitably seizing the rocket facilities and personnel at Peenemunde, the advancing Allied Army leadership was only too well aware of how dangerously advanced German technology had become. Despite the Third Reich's unconditional surrender in 1945, a potential Nazi threat still haunted Allied intelligence.
Had the German High Command sacrificed its European operation to buy time for installation of a 'fall-back' position in the Antarctic, capable of launching future retaliations from its South Polar redoubt? Post-script to this legend is the account of "Operation High-Jump".
In January of 1947, an American military task force, "Operation High-Jump," complete with thirteen ships including, an aircraft carrier, seaplanes, helicopters and 4000 combat troops was dispatched to the Antarctic under the command of Admiral Richard E. Byrd for the stated purpose of 'mapping' the coastline. This task force was provisioned for an eight-month polar stay, but after eight weeks and an undisclosed loss of planes and personnel, Byrd withdrew his forces.
Rumor was Byrd encountered overwhelming hostile action, he described as, "fighters that are able to fly from one pole to another with incredible speed. " He also intimated that he had in fact engaged a German contingent being assisted as well by an 'advanced civilization' with formidable technologies… Whatever occurred with Byrd's expedition at the South Pole remains shrouded in mystery since all reports, including Byrd's personal log entries, remain classified.
Also, it should be noted that Operation High-Jump was originally organized by Secretary of the Navy, James Forrestal. But later, in 1949, then Secretary of Defense Forrestal was sequestered and sent to convalesce for a nervous breakdown at Bethesda Naval Hospital.
However, after allegedly ranting to hospital staff about the Antarctic, UFOs and an underground Nazi city, Forrestal was denied all visitors and shortly thereafter, died in a fall from his hospital room window. His death was labeled a 'suicide'.
But again, considering the question posed at the outset of this essay, could the 'advanced civilization' suggested by Byrd be the same extraterrestrials alluded to by both Von Braun and Oberth? Could these "people of other worlds" be Germany's mysterious allies from Aldebaran?
Such is the legend of 'Vril' and the Third Reich's levitating disc projects. Of course, had all discussion of 'flying saucers' ended in 1945 it would be perfectly simple to dismiss the whole myth as preposterous nonsense. However, as we well know, persistent reports of UFOs and circular flying craft have remained a ubiquitous enigma worldwide for all the decades since World War II. And as long as this mystery goes unanswered the riddle of Nazi saucers will remain an urgent paradox that spins a kaleidoscope of demanding questions.
Viewed from the aspect of classical physics, the whole myth is easily dismissed as fanciful rubbish; the fairy tale notions of occult channeling with space brothers from Aldebaran, and Nazis armed with flying saucers and ray-guns sounds like the most outrageous science fiction!
However, this same legend reconsidered from the radically altered view of Quantum physics takes on dramatic plausibility!
Was the Vril Society simply making practical application of the 'Unified Field"?
Is Vril or "the unity in natural energetic agencies" that Edward Bulwer-Lytton described, far from pulp fiction, but a remarkably accurate description of Zero-Point Energy that pervades the entire universe?
Did ancient lost civilizations of Earth share understanding with extraterrestrial civilizations among the stars that the universe is in fact a single consciousness and simultaneously an ocean of limitless energy? Could it be that a handful of daring German visionaries discovered secrets of harnessing this energy?
And ultimately, who were the REAL victors in World War II?
Did a contingent of German physicists and engineers and military personnel successfully drop off the grid in 1945 and establish a new colony, totally self-sufficient and independent of the global petroleum cartels? And are the fundamentals of free-energy production fully known and deliberately withheld, at the cost of destroying our environment, merely to serve the greed of multi-national corporate and banking interests to this day? And is this 'free-energy' propulsion the ultimate secret behind the UFO cover-up?

Compared with Nazi's Flying Wing design
Of course, in the years immediately following World War II, the German saucer mystery compounded even more. In June of 1947 a private pilot named Kenneth Arnold reported a formation of nine shiny objects speeding along at an unprecedented speed of 1600 mph in the vicinity of Mt. Rainier, Washington. In Arnold's words, the craft flew "like a saucer would if you skipped it across the water."
Hence the press seized upon his words and launched the public fascination with "Flying Saucers". However, Arnold actually described the craft as more crescent shaped, like 'flying wings'-which coincidentally was another air form perfected by the German Horton Brothers, during the war. It was suspected that captured German aircraft were being studied in a joint U. S. /British facility in western Canada close to Washington state.
Four months later, in September of 1947, just eight months after Admiral Byrd's aborted mission to the Antarctic, the Strategic Air Command undertook a detailed mapping and reconnaissance mission of the North Pole. An extensive B-29 support base was established at Ft. Richardson, Alaska.
But aside from cameras, these bombers were crammed with state-of-the-art, electro-magnetic scanners, sensors and magnetic emissions detectors. And, just as Byrd described, 'high-speed craft capable of flying from pole to pole', were again encountered at the Arctic as well. Debriefed flight crews reported seeing metallic vertical lift saucers parked on the ice packs, flying in and out of the water as well as dogging the B-29s.
All evidence, tapes, film canisters and documentation were immediately classified and rushed back to Washington D. C.

According to the captured records, the Germans also had plans to build a 'Zeppelin'-sized levitating cylinder ship called the "Andromeda" machine. This 330-foot behemoth was capable of carrying as many as three of the smaller Vril and Haunebu scout ships. In the early 1950's a California man named George Adamski photographed a UFO remarkably similar to this design.
Later, Adamski claimed to have contact with a 'Nordic' looking extraterrestrial near Desert Center, California, who claimed to be from the planet Venus.


However, it should be noted that photographs of the little scout craft this alien flew show a design virtually identical to the German Haunebu II. Though Adamski was later debunked as a fraud, reports of UFOs identical to the 'Venusian scout ship' continued to surface worldwide.

In 1954, President Dwight Eisenhower was allegedly secreted away to a meeting with Extraterrestrials at MUROC airfield near Palm Springs, California. One particular group was reported to be 'Nordic' looking and they offered Eisenhower Free-Energy technology in exchange for nuclear disarmament-Ike declined! And as the story goes, these 'Nordic' ETs subsequently met with Pope Pius XII at the Vatican as well.


And of course it remains common knowledge that during the war Germany had cordial relations with Argentina and other Latin American countries, and by a curious coincidence even today UFOs are commonly reported the full length an breadth of South America, along with tales of hidden German bases in the ice peaks of Peru and the vast jungles of Brazil.
But perhaps the most blatant inference of a German connection with UFOs comes from the famed Billy Meier case in Switzerland.
In 1975, thirty years after the disappearance of the Vril Society leaders, a Swiss farmer claimed to have contact with a girl from the 'Pleiades', who bore the pseudonym, "Semjase" and a striking resemblance to the 'Vrilerinnen' from 1919.
This space girl also wore long blonde hair, spoke in fluent Austrian-German and candidly shared comprehensive knowledge about the German saucer projects of World War II.
Were Semjase's 'beamships' actually contemporary versions of the old Haunebus?

And yet, the riddle remains that, were the surviving modern remnants of the Third Reich to actually possess such vastly superior technology, why then would they not simply flex their muscle and conquer the world in one final swift stroke?
Or did they realize such a victory might ultimately be a futile gesture?
Suppose the Reich survivors learned from their Aldebaran mentors the secret the ancient Sumerians possessed-that, in a regular 3600 year cycle, the surface of planet Earth is devastated by the passing of a dwarf-star which is companion to our solar system. And that this Dark Star was calculated once again to swing through the inner planets during the early years of the 21st Century. Such a monumental event would grant the "Thousand Year Reich" a meager seventy years or so life span. Thus might the Reich survivors not wisely choose to disappear from the surface world and develop hardened underground 'shelters' in the remote wastes of Antarctica, patiently preparing to safely ride out the Dark Star's passing?
Do we dare suppose that a contemporary generation of subterranean Reichskinder secretly continue to advance their limitless scientific wonders, content to allow the ignorant, expendable 'surface dwellers' to choke in the poisoned atmosphere of their internal-combustion, junk-technology, automobiles, airplanes and industries?
Could it be that all the incredible levitating machines and free-energy technologies envisioned by the Thule and Vril Societies are being carefully held in reserve for the promised 'New Age'; a future time when Earth has recovered from the agonies of its Dark Star's encounter?
We may discover the answers to these questions sooner than we realize!
Meanwhile, the quest to solve the mysteries of Nazi saucers and the secrets from Aldebaran, certainly has gained more relevance to our present world here in the first decade of the 21st Century. It seems an irony that, much like pre-World War II Germany, we find Western Civilization dangerously dependent upon foreign petroleum sources dominated by hostile Muslim nations. Is there a free-energy/anti-gravity answer to this dilemma?
[Author's Disclaimer: The preceding text is virtually all 'legend'.
There is little or no hard evidence to fully verify the authenticity of such a tale. I've cobbled this together from the writings of Jan Van Helsing, Vladimir Terziski, Nick Cook, Wendelle Stevens and a website called 'Grey Falcon', as well as the video, "UFO Secrets of the Third Reich."
The bottom line has two options; either the whole story is pure fantasy, or Nazi secrets of anti-gravity were gobbled up at the end of the war by Allied Intelligence and given a security classification "Above-Top-Secret" with all evidence meticulously hidden or destroyed. However, it should be noted that anti-gravity propulsion systems, such as the Vril legend suggest, would make all aerospace and avionic technologies obsolete overnight-and these are huge multi-billion dollar industries directly tied to the international petroleum cartels. Surely these combined military/industrial interests would possess the means and the motive to obliterate any conclusive history of German anti-gravity research.
For a comprehensive 'one-stop-shop' overview of the entire Nazi UFO mystery I recommend a visit to: discaircraft. greyfalcon. us

Mike Peters
Introduction
Despite their reputation for 'empiricism', British academics have tended to treat political power by means of abstract concepts rather than empirical information about the actions of determinate individuals and groups (e.g. Giddens, 1984, 1985; Scott, 1986). After a brief efflorescence of empirical studies of the so-called 'Establishment' in the early 1960s, sociologists in Britain became diverted from empirical investigation of power, as the study of national and international power-structures became conducted under the aegis of increasingly abstract theoretical categories derived from Marxism, and in particular by a wave of concepts based on Poulantzas's 'structuralist' critique of Miliband, and was followed by ever more esoteric discussions of the 'theory' of the state (e.g. Jessop, 1990), culminating in the hegemony of a post-Marxist version of Gramsci's conception of 'hegemony' - in which 'struggle' is posited without any identifiable human beings as its active protagonists, and with the stakes reduced to ideas rather than concrete interests.
This was in sharp contrast with the USA, where the impetus of C. Wright Mills's pioneering study of the network of interests involved in the Cold War (Mills, 1956) was continued by a flourishing group of scholars. There has been nothing in Britain of comparable scope or detail to the work conducted in the USA by G. W. Domhoff, Thomas Dye, Mark Mizruchi or Noam Chomsky, etc.
The present article is concerned with one specific facet of American power-structure research which, I believe, has important implications for the study of power in the UK. This is the subject of power-elite networks and forums, conceptualised as arenas for the conduct of intra-capitalist and inter-corporate strategic debates and long-range social planning, from which wider 'democratic' interference is carefully excluded.
The particular institution about which I will present information is the so-called 'Bilderberg Group', which is an interesting example of this kind of power-elite forum. It is one among a number of little-publicised institutions which have played an important role providing a means for debates and discussions to take place amongst different capitalist groups and different national governments over long-term planning issues and, especially, in Co-ordinating strategic policy at an international level. Other such bodies on this trans-national scale include the Council on Foreign Relations (CFR) in the USA, with its UK sister organisation, the Royal Institute of International Affairs (otherwise known simply as Chatham House) and the Trilateral Commission (which itself grew out of Bilderberg meetings and has been essentially a more globalist version of the latter, since it incorporates Japanese representatives). Each of these bodies will be mentioned in what follows.
One of the 'functions' such institutions appear to serve is that of 'mediating' between the economic interests of private capital and the requirement of a general interest on the part of the capitalist class as a whole. I shall suggest that much of the theorising about the 'state' in the tradition of structural Marxism since the 1970s has confused this relation between capital and national governments, owing to the tendency to reify the abstraction called ‘the state' and posit it as enjoying a virtual autonomy vis-à-vis capital; whereas the empirical evidence lends more support to the rather hastily dismissed (and often grotesquely caricatured) model called 'instrumentalism’.
To anticipate what will be said later, I believe that one of the key assumptions often made by structural Marxists, namely that the capitalist class is always divided into competing fractions which have no mechanisms for co-ordination other than the state, is not empirically sustainable. Part of this misconception, it could be said, derives from an over-literal understanding of the concept of the 'market' as constituting the only social relation amongst different fractions of capital. At least as far as the very large, and above all, the international (or as we would say in today's jargon, the ‘global’) corporations are concerned, this is definitely not the case: very sophisticated organs do exist whereby these capitalist interests can and do hammer out common lines of strategy. Bilderberg is one of these mechanisms.
The Context
As the second world war drew to a close, the capitalist class in Western Europe was under severe threat from an upsurge of working class radicalism, the management of which required a strategy more sophisticated than conventional repression, and the first steps were taken, by political panes of both left and right, to develop 'corporatist' programmes based on a kind of national protectionism. By contrast, in the USA, the war had brought to dominance an internationally-oriented capitalist class who saw very clearly that their interests lay in a thorough 'liberalisation' (1) of the world market, abolition of tariffs etc.. Only the false wisdom of hindsight could make the eventual Atlantic Alliance system that emerged by 1950 seem preordained by 'objective' historical forces. Indeed, so used have we become to hearing phrases like 'American imperialism' and witnessing US interventions throughout the world that we can forget just how difficult it was for this internationally oriented fraction of the American capitalist class to impose its agenda upon the US state: the deep-rooted tendency of American political culture has always been what Europeans call Isolationist' and it took extensive political work to drag the Americans into these foreign entanglements. In this paper I will not be looking in any detail at how these interests influenced the US government during and after the Second World War, but rather at how they succeeded in effecting the integration of the Western European capitalist class into a new Atlantic alliance system
The period 1945-50 is highly complex and debate still rages over the origin and nature of the 'Cold War': for example over the degree to which the US was acting offensively or defensively against a (real or imagined) Soviet threat, as well as over the relation between the external or geopolitical aspect of the Cold War on the one hand and its domestic, ideological or 'class' aspect. And die recent work of. Alan Milward, for example, has thrown into question many of the received assumptions about the causes and consequences of the 'supranational' institutions created in Europe in the aftermath of the war (Milward, 1984 and 1994; Anderson, 1996).
The beginnings of a clarification of these events were made with the pioneering analysis of Kees Van der Pijl, in conjunction with other Dutch Marxist scholars (Fennema, Overbeek etc.) ten years ago, together with the detailed empirical work of US power-researchers (e.g. the journal Critical Sociology). With the collapse of the USSR and the subsequent 'coming out' of veteran anti-Communists now prepared to open up some of their dubious accomplishments to outside scrutiny (Peter Coleman, Brian Crozier e.g.), more direct documentary evidence of the scope and intensity of covert US involvement in European politics in the post-war period is now available.
The Marshall Plan and NATO
The official version of the history of the creation of the Atlantic system reads like the 'lives and teachings of saints (Milward, 1992). in these school textbook accounts, each of the pillars of the post-war world order has its great founding father, whose photographs invariably appear in magazine articles:
* the IMF and the World Bank are the work of Keynes
* European economic recovery is the work of General Marshall
* NATO is the work of Ernest Bevin, and
* the European Community is the work of Jean Monnet (with his faithful discipline Schuman)
These are not just myths; they are, in intelligence parlance, more like 'cover stories'.
The Marshall Plan is named after the speech on June 5 1947 by US Secretary of State Marshall, which invited European countries to join in a co-operative plan for economic reconstruction, with explicit requirements for trade liberalisation and increases in productivity. Over the next ten months there emerged the Foreign Assistance Act of 1948, which set up the Economic Co-operation Agency (ECA) to administer the European Recovery Programme (ERP) - the so-called 'Marshall Aid' - which gave $13 billion in aid to 16 western European states. In four years, the ECA was superseded by the Mutual Security Agency (MSA) in 1951 which in turn was transformed into the Foreign Operations Agency (FOA) in 1954, later the International Co-operation Agency (ICA) in 1955 and finally the Agency for International Development (AID) in 196l (Carew 1987 p. 6ff). it is generally recognised that this aid had a decidedly militaristic purpose, being essentially a prerequisite for the development of NATO. (2)
It is less generally acknowledged, however, that this unprecedented exercise of international generosity (dubbed by Churchill the 'most unsordid act in history') served direct economic purposes for the internationally oriented US corporations which promoted it. William Clayton, for example, the Under-secretary for Economic Affairs, whose tour of Europe and letters sent back to Washington played a key role in preparing the plan, and who pushed it through Congress, personally profited to the tune of $700,000 a year; and his own company, Anderson, Clayton & Co. secured $10 million of Marshall, Plan orders up to the summer of 1949. (Schuman 1954 p. 240). General Motors similarly got $5.5 million worth of orders between July 1950 and 1951 (14.7% of the total) and they Ford Motor Company got $1 million (4.2% of the total).
Roots in the Council on Foreign Relations
The origins of the Marshall Plan are in fact to be found in the 'War and Peace Study Groups' instituted by the Council on Foreign Relations (CFR) in 1939. (For the details see Shoup & Minter p. 117 ff). on December 6 1939 the Rockefeller Foundation granted the Council nearly $50,000 to finance the first year of the project. Well over 120 influential individuals (academics and business leaders), at least 5 cabinet levels departments and 12 separate government agencies, bureaux or offices were involved in this. There were altogether 362 meetings and no less than 682 separate documents produced. I find it frankly astonishing that virtually none of the British academic scholarship on this period even acknowledges the existence of the CFR, let alone the War and Peace Study Groups. Evidence is surely required to show that they had no influence, if that is what scholars believe.
The plan which Marshall presented in his speech had already been outlined in the proposals of a CFR study group of 1946 headed by the lawyer Charles M. Spofford and David Rockefeller, entitled 'Reconstruction in Western Europe'; and the specific proposal for unifying the Western European coal and steel basin as a bulwark against the USSR was made by John Foster Dulles in January 1947.
To trace the origin of the movement for European unification, however, requires that we go back to May 8 1946 and an address given at Chatham House by a Pole named Joseph Retinger. In this talk he outlined a plan for a federal Europe in which the states would relinquish part of their sovereignty. At the time, Retinger was secretary general of the Independent League for European Co-operation (ILEC), run by the Belgian Prime Minister Paul van Zeeland. During the war Retinger worked closely with van Zeeland and other exile leaders who would become prominent in the Bilderberg network, (including Paul Rijkens, whom we will meet again shortly). (3) Out of these connections was born in 1942-3 the Benelux customs union, a kind of prototype of the Common Market.
The ideas adumbrated by Retinger were not new: there is a whole history of such projects for European unification and for even larger global schemes. One might just note here the assumption of the need for a 'great power' status as well as the almost taken-for-granted racism which informed Retinger's thinking:
'The end of the period during which the white man spread his activities over the whole globe saw the Continent itself undergoing a process of internal disruption........ there are no big powers left in continental Europe....... [whose] inhabitants after all, represent the most valuable human element in the world.' (Retinger 1946, p. 7)
Shortly after this speech, Retinger was invited by the US ambassador, Averell Harriman, to the USA to secure American support for ILEC.
'I found in America a unanimous approval for our ideas among financiers, businessmen and politicians. Mr Leffingwell, senior partner in J. P. Morgan's [bank], Nelson and David Rockefeller, Alfred Sloan [chair of General Motors], Charles Hook, President of the American Rolling Mills Company, Sir William Wiseman, [British SIS and] partner in Kuhn Loeb [New York investment bank], George Franklin and especially my old friend Adolf Berle Jr [CFR], were all in favour, and Berle agreed to lead the American section [of ILEC]. John Foster Dulles also agreed to help. (Pomian 1972, p. 212)
Thus was formed the European Movement (whose first congress at the Hague in 1948 is- the origin of the Council of Europe), which received substantial contributions from US government secret funds as well as private sources via the American Committee for a United Europe (ACUE). The names mentioned above are significant in the present context: Leffingwell preceded John McCloy and David Rockefeller as CFR chair, 1946-53, and had been a CFR director since 1927, while Franklin was executive director of the CFR 1953-7 and was later a Trilateral Commission Co-ordinator: also, incidentally an in-law of the Rockefellers.
US funding for the European Movement extended beyond 1952, most of it going to the European Youth Campaign, initiated by John McCloy, whose own career virtually personifies the Atlantic ruling class as a whole: a corporate lawyer of relatively humble origins, he became, through his contacts at Harvard, assistant Secretary of War 1941-45 and first President of the World Bank (IBRD), which he revamped to suit the interests of Wall Street; and then US High Commissioner for Germany 1949-52 (where, among other things, he enabled Krupp to regain control of his steel companies, advising on the establishment of the Krupp-Stiftung, modelled on the Ford Foundation - he was connected to Adenauer through his German wife, whose sister married Lewis Douglas, J. P. Morgan financier and later US ambassador to Britain), after which he became a director of both the Chase Manhattan Bank and the Ford Foundation in 1953. He was also an active member of the Bilderberg Group, becoming chair of the Council on Foreign Relations itself.
As for ACUE, its chair was William Donovan (who ran OSS - forerunner of the CLA during the war) and its vice-chair was Allen Dulles (who was a leading figure in the CFR War and Peace Study Group during the early part of the war, and later the director of the CIA); and it was run in Europe by another CIA executive, Thomas W. Braden.
The Bilderberg Group
'The Treaty of Rome [1957], which brought the Common Market into being, was nurtured at Bilderberg meetings.' (George McGhee, former US ambassador to West Germany)
'Bilderberg' takes its name from the hotel, belonging to Prince Bernhard of the Netherlands, near Arnhem, where, in May 1954 the first meeting took place of what has ever since been called the Bilderberg Group. While the name persisted, its meetings are held at different locations. Prince Bernhard himself (who, incidentally, was actually German not Dutch) was chair until 1976 when he was forced to resign because of the Lockheed bribery scandal. The possible significance of this group may be gleaned from the status of its participants: the membership comprises those individuals who would, on most definitions, be regarded as members of the 'ruling class' in Western Europe and North America-In particular, the conferences brought together important figures in most of the largest international corporations with leading politicians and prominent intellectuals (in both academia and journalism).
Moreover, virtually all the European institutions we take for granted today, or treat as if they 'emerged' as a matter of course, from the ECSC, EEC and Euratom down to the present European Union, were conceived, designed and brought into existence through the agency of the people involved in Bilderberg.
Secrecy
What Gill has referred to, with disarming brevity, as its 'almost completely secretive' character (Gill 1990, p. 129) is neither incidental nor superficial but integral to its functioning. It is essential that these discussions be kept out of the public sphere. The lengths to which the organisers go are quite astonishing. An entire hotel is taken over in advance (existing guests being moved out) and a whole caravanserai, including special catering staff and armed security guards, descend on the site several days in advance. I recommend the amusing account by Robert Eringer - to my knowledge the only journalistic investigation yet conducted (Eringer 1980). The maintenance of this secrecy has been remarkably effective. In 1967, Cecil King, then chair of the International Publishing Corporation (at the time the press group with the largest circulation in the UK) and chair of the Newspaper Proprietors Association, formally requested his fellow proprietors to see to it that 'on no account should any report or even speculation about the content of the conferences be printed' (quoted in Sklar 1980, p. 178).
On one of the few occasions when Bilderberg meetings were mentioned in a major British newspaper, the outcome was quite interesting. In the 'Lombard' column of the Financial Times, C. Gordon Tether wrote on May 6 1975: 'If the Bilderberg Group is not a conspiracy of some sort, it is conducted in such a way as to give a remarkably good imitation of one.' In a column written almost a year later, for the March 3 l976 edition, Tether wrote: 'The Bilderbergers have always insisted upon clothing their comings and goings in the closest secrecy. Until a few years back, this was carried to such lengths that their annual conclave went entirely unmarked in the world's press. In the more recent past, the veil has been raised to the extent of letting it be known that the meetings were taking place. But the total ban on the reporting of what went on has remained in force....Any conspiratologist who has the Bilderbergers in his sights will proceed to ask why it is that, if there is so little to hide, so much effort is devoted to hiding it.'
This column never appeared: it was censored by the Financial Times editor Mark Fisher (himself a member of the Trilateral Commission), and Tether was finally dismissed from the 'Lombard' column in August 1976.
What goes on at Bilderberg?
It is important at the outset to distinguish the active, on-going membership from the various people who are occasionally invited to attend. Many of those invited to come along, perhaps to report on matters pertaining to their expertise, have little idea there is a formally constituted group at all, let alone one with its own grand agenda. Hence the rather dismissive remarks by people like sixties media guru Marshall McLuhan, who attended a Bilderberg meeting in 1969 in Denmark, that he was 'nearly suffocated at the banality and irrelevance,' describing them as 'uniformly nineteenth century minds pretending to relate to the twentieth century'. Another of those who have attended, Christopher Price, then Labour MP for Lewisham West, found it 'all very fatuous.... icing on the cake with nothing to do with the cake.' (Eringer 1980, p. 26). Denis Healey, on the other hand, who was in from the beginning and later acted as British convenor, says that 'the most valuable [meetings] to me while I was in opposition were the Bilderberg Conferences'. (Healey 1990, p. 195)
Bilderberg from the beginning has been administered by a small core group, constituted since 1956 as a steering committee, consisting of a permanent chair, a US chair, European and North American secretaries and a treasurer. Invitations are 'only sent to important and generally respected people who through their special knowledge or experience, their personal contacts and their influence in national and international circles can further the aims set by Bilderberg.' (Retinger, cited in Sklar p. 168)
John Pomian, Retinger's secretary observed that:
'...during the first 3 or 4 years the all-important selection of participants was a delicate and difficult task. This was particularly so as regards politicians. It was not easy to persuade the top office holders to come Retinger displayed great skill and an uncanny ability to pick out people who in a few years time were to accede to the highest offices in their respective countries today there are very few figures among governments on both sides of the Atlantic who have not attended at least one of these meetings.' (Pomian, pp. 254-5)
The Bilderberg discussions are organised on the principle of reaching consensus rather than through formal resolutions and voting. Such is the influence and standing of the active members that, if consensus for action is arrived at, one might expect this to be carried out and the resulting decision to be implemented in the West as a whole. But the exact position of the group, and that of other such groups, is only discernible by a close scrutiny of the specific careers and connections of the individual participants. Here, one has to say that social theorists seem convinced of the irrelevance of this kind of information, which would be called 'prosopographic' (i.e. data pertaining to concrete individuals, which companies they represent, their family connections etc.). This is somewhat contradictory, of course, because in their every-day roles, social theorists are just as interested in this kind of information as anyone else, and display a keen sense of its political relevance when it comes to conducting their own careers: but it has it nonetheless become almost a matter of principle to denounce use of this kind of data in social science itself. This tendency seems to come from a reification of the concept of 'roles' (as if these were real rather than constructs) and possibly from a functionalist assumption that social systems are subject to laws; with concrete human actors having no significance in shaping outcomes.
Origins of Bilderberg
The initiative for the first convocation came from Joseph Retinger, in conjunction with Paul Rijkens, President of Unilever. Retinger has already been introduced; and the significance of Unilever needs to be examined briefly. Unilever is one of the largest and most powerful multinational corporations in the world and one of the top European capitalist companies. In the 1950's the advisory directors of Unilever were as follows (and I'm drawing attention to the links with the Rotterdam Bank and Philips, the electrical firm):
· H.M. Hirschfield: also on the board of Philips and Rotterdam Bank and with the Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs during the war, and after it Commissioner for the Marshall Plan in the Netherlands;
· K.P. Van der Mandel, also on the board of Rotterdam Bank;
· Paul Rijkens: also on the board of Rotterdam Bank;
· H.L. Wolterson: also chair of Philips and on the board of Heldring and Pearson (linked with the Rotterdam Bank);
· P S.F Otten: also President of Philips (and married to a member of the Philips family)
One of the unusual features of Unilever is its bi-national structure (Stokman et al, 1985): it is a jointly-owned AngloDutch company, with a 50/r0 structure and a unitary board. This was a very useful device during the war, when operations could be shifted easily from the Netherlands to the UK. Philips had a similar arrangement under a Dutch law called the Corvo Law, whereby in an emergency it could divide itself into two parts, which it did when the Germans invaded: one with its HQ in Germany and the other American. Both these parts got large military contracts during the war, playing a role on both sides (Aaronovitch 1961, pp. 110-11). Unilever's financial advisers are the US investment bank Lazard Freres, which handles the private financial affairs of many of the world's wealthy families, including the Agnellis of Fiat. (See Koenig, 1990, Reich. 1983, Business Week June 18 1984).
Unilever's chief adviser on international affairs was David Mitrany, whose book, A Working Peace Svstem, published in 1943, secured him this post. (He also worked for Chatham House). it was Mitrany who coined the term 'functionalism' to refer to the strategy of supra-national integration through a series of sectoral processes of internationalisation, designed to set in motion an autonomous logic, making inevitable further integration and ultimately making national states obsolete (Groom and Taylor p. 125 ff.). In the post-war period there were three basic models for European union: alongside the 'functionalists' (in this sense), were the 'inter-governmentalists' (e.g. Spaak) and the 'federalists' (e.g. Monnet himself). In the 1960s the functionalists used the slogan 'Atlantic Partnership' as the framework for the integration or synchronisation of US and European interests.
The immediate chain of events leading to the setting up of the first conference was as follows. Prince Bernhard set off for the USA in 1952 to visit his old friend Walter Bedell Smith, director of the newly-formed CIA. Smith put the organisation of the American end into the hands of Charles D. Jackson (special assistant for psychological warfare to the US President), who appointed John S. Coleman (president of the Burroughs Corporation. and a member of the Committee for a National Trade Policy), who in turn briefly became US chair of Bilderberg.
Charles Jackson was president of the Committee for a Free Europe (forerunner of the Congress for Cultural Freedom (CCF) whose extensive operations financing and organising anti-Communist social democratic political intellectuals has only recently been fully documented (see Coleman 1989); and ran the CIA-financed Radio Free Europe in Germany. Earlier he had been publisher of Fortune magazine and managing director of Time/Life, and during the war was deputy head of psychological warfare for Eisenhower. At the time of Bernhard's visit he was working with a committee of businessmen on both sides of the Atlantic which approved the European Payments Union.
It was thus a European initiative, and its aim was, in official bland language, to 'strengthen links' between Western Europe and the USA. A selected list of people to be invited to the first conference was drawn up by Retinger, with Prince Bernhard and Rijkens, from the European countries of NATO plus Sweden. The resulting group consisted of the Belgian and Italian prime ministers, Paul van Zeeland and Alcide de Gasperi (CDU), from France both the right wing prime minister Antoine Pinay and the Socialist leader Guy Mollet; diplomats like Pietro Quaroni of Italy and Panavotis Pipinelis of Greece; top German corporate lawyer Rudolf Miller and the industrialist Otto Wolff von Amerongen and the Danish foreign minister Ole Bjorn Kraft (publisher of Denmark’s top daily newspaper); and from England came Denis Healey and Hugh Gaitskell from the Labour Party, Robert Boothby from the Conservative Party, Sir Oliver Franks from the British state, and Sir Colin Gubbins, who had headed the Special Operations Executive (SOL) during the war.
On the American side, the members of the first Bilderberg assembly included:
· George Ball, who was head of Lehman Brothers, a former high State Department official, where he was architect of the policy of Atlantic Partnership, and later member of the Trilateral Commission. Ball was closely associated with Jean Monnet, owing to his work as legal counsel for the ECSC and the French delegation to the Schuman Plan negotiations.
· David Rockefeller was the key American member of Bilderberg. Space only permits the briefest sketch of his direct economic and political involvements: head of the Chase Manhattan Bank, member of the Council on Foreign Relations, member of the Business Council, the US council of the International Chamber of Commerce, and, of course, the founder of the Trilateral Commission.
· Dean Rusk: US Secretary of State 1961-69, earlier President of the Rockefeller Foundation 1952-60, having succeeded John Foster Dulles, himself an earlier Secretary of State and - this is not at all a coincidence - a close personal friend of Jean Monnet whom he had first met at Versailles in 1918 as well as of Dean Acheson, Truman's Secretary of State and the true author of the Marshall Plan.
The final list was 67. Since then, the group enlarged somewhat, but the steering group remained the same size. (4)
After Retinger's death in 1960, the role of secretary was taken over by E. H. van der Beugel, who had headed the Dutch bureau for the Marshall Plan and later became president of KLM airlines and the International Institute for Strategic Studies in London. After the resignation of Prince Bernhard, the role of chair was taken by British ex-prime minister Lord Home.
The status of the group and its meetings is ostensibly 'private'. Gill names it simply 'a private international relations council', but nothing could be more misleading than this name private, unless in its sense of ‘secret’ When political leaders gather together with a view to arriving at consensus, in conjunction with leaders of industry and finance and press magnates and leading journalists, then this is not the same kind of thing as an assembly of ordinary private citizens. The vocabulary of pluralist political science ('lobbies', 'non-governmental organisations' etc.) systematically distorts the actual power relations at work in these different kinds of associations. It is even questionable whether Bilderberg meetings are really 'private' in the legal sense of non-governmental. Robert Eringer, for example, having received an official reply that 'government officials attend in a personal and not an official capacity', found that in fact officials had attended Bilderberg conferences at government expense and in their official capacity. The British Foreign Office responded to his queries by saying 'we can find no trace of the Bilderberg Group in any of our reference works on international organisations', while he later learnt that the Foreign Office had paid for British members to attend Bilderberg conferences.
Van der Pijl's assessment of the role of Bilderberg seems about as accurate as the available information would allow:
'Rather than constituting an all-powerful secret Atlantic directorate, Bilderberg served, at best, as the environment for developing ideas in that direction, and secrecy was necessary for allowing the articulation of differences rather than for keeping clear-cut projects from public knowledge. In this sense Bilderberg functioned as the testing ground for new initiatives for Atlantic unity.' (Van der Pijl p. 183)
But on occasions the group is known to have exerted real power. An (unnamed) German participant at the 1974 conference held six months after the Arab Israeli War at Edmond de Rothschild's hotel at Megeve in France, commented:
'Half a dozen knowledgeable people had managed, in effect, to set the world's monetary system wolfing again [after OPEC's quadrupling of oil prices], and it was important to try to knit together our networks of personal contacts. We had to resist institutionalism, bureaucratic red-tape, and the creation of new procedures and committees. Official bodies should be put in the position of ratifying what had been jointly prepared in advance.' (Sklar, p. 171)
The European 'Community'
The Treaty of Rome signed on March 25 1957 created the 'common market' (the European Economic Community) and its roots were laid down in the ECSC (the European Coal and Steel Community) established on April 18 1951, based on the Schuman Plan of May 9 1950 (Vaughan 1976, Milward 1984). It is not implausible to suggest that the route from the one to the other in fact passed through the first five Bilderberg conferences, May 1954 at Oosterbeek (Netherlands), March 1955 at Barbizon (France), September the same year at Garmisch (Germany), May 1956 at Fredensborg (Denmark) and finally in February 1957 at St. Simon's Island (Georgia, USA); and that these secret meetings played a decisive role in overcoming the opposing, centrifugal tendencies symbolised by the collapse of the European Defence Community in 1954, the Hungarian revolution and its suppression and the fiasco of the Anglo-French adventure at Suez in 1956 - the last gasp of independent European imperialism.
Even more important the 'protectionism' implicit in the European unification project was successfully subordinated to the ‘liberalising’ hegemony of the Americans, through the close involvement of the key US players at every stage. The evidence for this is entirely circumstantial, and this hypothesis must remain speculative, but I believe there is a prima facie case to launch an investigation. It should be clear from the details recounted earlier that not all the possible roads led to the Rome Treaty, and that there is far more to the politics of European 'integration' than the legislative enactments already known about.
Monnet's network
Monet himself, who mentions-neither Retinger nor Bilderberg in his memoirs (Monnet 1978), cannot have been unaware of the activities of these crucial constituents of his programme. However much he may be portrayed in the hagiographies as a far-sighted idealist, Monnet was, first and foremost, an international financier, with an extensive network of connections on both sides of the Atlantic, occupying a particular place in the configuration of capitalist interests forming what Van der Pijl calls the Atlantic circuit of money capital (Van der Pijl 1984). He was, for example, a close friend of all the key figures in the US power structure; but, more importantly, his network centred around the New York investment banks Lazard Freres (run by Andre Meyer who was also on the board of Rockefeller's Chase International Bank), and Goldmann Sachs, which, after the war gravitated into the Rockefeller orbit. Monnet's right-hand man, Pierre Uri, was European director of Lehman Brothers; and Robert Marjolin, one of Monnet's assistants in the first modernisation plan, subsequently joined the board of the Chase Manhattan Bank. Uri and Marjolin were also active in Bilderberg.
When Monnet resigned from his position of 'High Authority' in the ECSC in 1955 to run his Action Committee for a United States of Europe (ACUSE), his secretary at ECSC, Max Kohnstamm who had earlier been private secretary to Queen Wilhelmina, (i.e. Prince Bernhard's mother-in-law), and then Dutch representative in the Schuman Plan negotiations, became the vice-president of ACUSE, which had extensive overlaps with Bilderberg. Kohnstamm, for example, later became a member of the Executive Committee of the Trilateral Commission, and Georges Berthoin, who was Monnet's private secretary at the ECSC 1951-55, took over Kohnstamm's place on the Trilateral Commission in 197S. Francois Duchene and Paul Delouvner, who both worked for ECSC in the fifties (and joined the Trilateral Commission in the 1970s), Guy Mollet and Antoine Pinay were in the Bilderberg network (5)
Europe since the fifties
It would be simply too large and complex a matter to trace the twists and turns in the politics of European unification since the period from the fifties to the present. Too much water has flowed under the bridge, and it is doubtful that it is any longer even the same bridge, so many times has Europe' or the European idea' had to be periodically 'relaunched'. Instead of even attempting this in broad outline, I will draw attention very briefly to the role played by secretive and unaccountable organisations of members of the European economic and political elites.
One little-reported group, for example, which seems to wield immense influence is the European Round Table of Industrialists (ERT). To my knowledge there have only been two or three reports of this group in the British press, and yet in articulating the demands and interests of the largest and most powerful European multinational corporations, it surely calls for close study. I suspect this is the same group as that mentioned in passing in Charles Grant's biography of Jacques Delors. Delors' arrival as European Commissioner in 198S, he says, could not have occurred at a more propitious moment: he had spent the autumn of 1984 searching for a 'Big Idea' to relaunch the EEC.
'That autumn, in Brussels, Delors had met a group of officials and industrialists brought together by Max Kohnstamm, who had been Monnet's chief assistant. After Monnet's death in 1979, Kohnstamm had become one of the guardians of the sacred name of federalism. The Kohnstamm group advised Delors to make the internal market his priority and to lay down a timetable of eight years (the life of two Commissions) for its achievement...... At the same time Wisse Dekker, the chairman of Philips, made several speeches calling for the EEC to remove its internal barriers by 1990.' (Grant 1994, p. 66)
If this is in fact referring to the same group as that known as the European Round Table of Industrialists (ERT), then we have an example of a continuity between the fifties and today. This ERT comprises the chairs/CEOs of the leading European multinational corporations and it is by no means a mere assembly of dignitaries. This is an extremely powerful body. According to research conducted by the ASEED collective, its reports feed directly into the European Commission decision making process. One of its first reports, for example, entitled 'Missing Links', urged the immediate construction of a series of large-scale transport projects, including the Channel Tunnel. As well as Dekker of Philips, other leading figures in the ERT are Agnelli of Flat, Gyllenhammer of Volvo, and Denys Henderson of ICI.
Theoretical Excursus
A persistent problem with theories of power over the last 20 years has been their lack of engagement with empirical evidence, compounded by the demonstrable empirical ignorance of theorists. It is as if every academic feels able to develop theories about power, and engage in debates it, without any requirement for relevant information, or at any rate with a tacit assumption that everyone at has such information.
One possible place to start an attempt to 'theorise' the role of Bilderberg and other international power-elite forums, might be to re-enter an old debate at the beginning of the present century: this is the debate between Lenin and Kautsky over imperialism.
Lenin’s theory of imperialism sought to explain the first world war by reference to what he called inter-imperialist rivalries. While this theory has had an enormous influence during this century (it under-pins, for example, much contemporary discussion of the relations between 'the West' and the 'Developing World, in which it is assumed that power operates between geographically-defined regions, and that nation-states act at the behest of nationally-based capitalist classes), it is nevertheless demonstrably false in a number of crucial particulars. For example, one of the difficulties in Lenin's theory is reconciling it with the increasing interpenetration of national economies by trans-national capitalist blocs. To put this issue simply: wars take place between states, but inter-capitalist rivalries do not necessarily coincide with the territories between states, especially where international or trans-national corporations have developed. The material presented here, I would suggest, is of just this kind: it shows an inter-penetration of capitalist interests between the USA and Western Europe, and indicates a field of 'political struggle' within and between states, entirely outside that of the public sphere.
What is far less well-known today, however, is Kautsky's alternative conception which explicitly addressed this issue, and can be summed up by his notion of ultra-imperialism (Fennema, 1982). The simple hypothesis is that rival capitalist interests may, at least for a time, be able to coalesce into a relatively unified hegemonic bloc. Now this idea of a tendency towards stabilisation on a global scale may sound unrealistic today, but arguably this was what was achieved for fifty years, at least in the American-dominated half of the world, after 1945. It could even be said that the demise of the other half permits its universalization. Where are the 'inter-imperialist rivalries in the world today'?
Silence of the Academics
When first asked for a title for this paper, I briefly entertained the idea of using the above sub-heading, (paraphrasing a recent film-title), and I do believe it is important to ask why certain topics rather than others are deemed worthy of investigation. The material presented here is certainly 'dated' and therefore unfashionable, but similar information about the present could be investigated. It is surprising and somewhat depressing that such investigations no longer seem to be being carried out in universities today. (6) Academics often represent themselves somewhat flatteringly as 'critical' intellectuals, independent from or even determinedly opposed to the established systems of power in society, willing to face personal or professional risks in the pursuit of truth. Maybe they are more like lambs.
Footnotes
(1) The term 'liberal' signifies policies opposed to restrictions on international trade. The distinction between 'free trade' and 'protectionism' in international trade does not correspond exactly with the theoretical opposition of 'competition' and 'monopoly'. None of these concepts have straightforward empirical reference. The 1992 NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement) for example, is in fact profoundly 'protectionist' in relation to such matters as intellectual property rights (software, patents for seeds, drugs etc.) with elaborate 'rules of origin' designed to keep out foreign competitors etc. see Dawkins 1993.
(2) If the Marshall Plan had military objectives (containment of Soviet influence) as much as economic ones (creation of markers for US industry), then NATO has a civilian, political and ideological role as much as a military one. NATO has been relatively neglected by students of 'supranational' organisations, and it is often Presumed to be just a treaty rather than a quasigovernmental organisation in its own right. Its highest political body, the North Atlantic Council, covers foreign policy issues as well as strictly military questions, and the North Atlantic Assembly works to influence the parliamentary members of individual countries. It falls within the brief of NATO to conduct propaganda and defend states the 'infiltration of ideas'. Few citizens of NATO countries are aware of the whole apparatus to which membership commits them - e.g. Plans 10 G and 100-1 under which in 'emergency situations' special US units would be activated to suppress any movement 'threatening to US strategic interests'.
(3) It is extremely difficult to define the exact status of Retinger. One Polish war-time exile leader has been quoted as saying that Retinger was 'suspected of being in close touch not so much with British politics as with certain of its discrete institutions'. Presumably SIS. See Korbonski p. 20.
(4) Later American participants included Robert MacNamara, US Secretary of Defence under Kennedy and Johnson (earlier chair of the Ford Motor Company, and later President of the World Bank); and McGeorge Bundy, who worked on the Marshall Plan, was US National Security Adviser and later special foreign policy adviser to Kennedy and Johnson 1960-65, and became President of the Ford Foundation 1966-79. His brother, William Bundy, was with the CIA 1951-61 and later managed the CFR journal Foreign Affairs from 1979, after working at the Pentagon 1964-69. He married Dean Acheson's daughter. Finally, all three Directors of the CIA in this period were also members of Bilderberg: Allen Dulles (John Foster Dulles's brother), John McCone and Richard Helms. Needless to say, all these figures were also members of the CFR. For more details of participants see the essay by Thompson in Sklar ed. 1980, and Eringer 1980.
(5) Pinay, who was French Prime Minister in 1951, figures rather allusively in Brian Crozier's memoirs (Crozier, 1993 ch. XV) as the eminence grise of the controversial 'Pinay Cercle', an anti-communist intelligence outfit in the 1970s and 80s (Ramsay & Dorril 1986, p. 39 and Teacher 1989).
(6) It is ironic that while the initial research which discovered the existence of the Bilderberg network and explored its ramifications within the power structure of Atlantic capitalism came entirely from Marxist and left-inclined scholars in the USA, the whole subject has now been virtually taken over by the US far right as the centre piece of its own bizarre world-view. These writers of the far right (Anthony Sutton, Lyndon La Rouche, Spool and the Liberty Lobby etc.) have added virtually nothing to our understanding or knowledge of the phenomenon, and accordingly, are not referenced in the bibliography below. They have, however, contaminated the topic with their confusion. Since around the mid-1980s, the American Left has dropped the whole issue like a hot potato. For a singular exception sec Brandt 1993, which is essentially a response to Bcrlet, 1992.
Bibliography
Aaronovitch, Sam The Ruling Class, Lawrence & Wishart 1961
Anderson, Perry 'Under the Sign of the Interim', London Review of Books, 4 January 1996
Ayala, Cesar J. 'Theories of Big Business in American Society' Critical Sociology, Vol.16 No. 2-3, Summer-Fall 1989
Beret, Chip Right Woos Left, Political Research Associates, October 1992
Brandt, Daniel 'Multiculturalism and the Ruling Elite', NameBase Newsline, October- December, 1993
Businessweek, June 18 1984
Carew, Anthony Labour under the Marshall Plan Manchester University Press, 1987
Chomsky, Noam Necessary Illusions, South End Press, 1989
Chomsky, Noam What Uncle Sam Really Wants, Odonian Press, 1993
Chomsky, Noam Secrets, Lies and Democracy, Odonian Press, 1994
Chomsky, Noam Powers and Prospects, South End Press, 1996 Coleman, Peter A Liberal Conspiracy, Macmillan 1989
Crozier, Brian Free Agent, Harper Collins, 1993
Cumings, Bruce 'Chinatown: Foreign Policy and Elite Realignment' in Ferguson, Thomas & Rogers, Joel (ads.) The Hidden Election, Random House, 1981
Hawkins. Kristin NAFTA: The New Rules of Corporate Conquest Open Magazine, 1993
Domhoff, G. William The Power Elite and the State, Aldine de Gruyter, 1990
Eringer, Robert The Global Manipulators, Pentacle Books, 1980
Fennema, Meindert International Networks of Banks and Industry Maninus Nijhoff, 1982
Fennema, Meindert & van der Pijl, Kees 'International Bank Capital and the New Liberalism' in Mizruchi, Mark & Schwartz, Michael (eds.) Inter-corporate Relations, Cambridge University, 1987
Freitag, Peter J. 'The Cabinet and Big Business: A Study of Interlocks', Social Problems Vol. 23, 1975
Giddens, Anthony, The Constitution of Society, Polity Press, 1984
The Nation-State and Violence, Polity Press, 1985
Gill, Stephen American Hegemony and the Trilateral Commission, Cambridge University Press, 1990
Grant, Charles Delors, Nicholas Brealey, 1994
Groom. A. J. R. & Taylor, Paul beds.) Frameworks for International Co-operation, Pinter, 1990
Hatch, Alden HRH Prince Bernhard of the Netherlands, Harrap, 1972
Healey, Denis The Time of My life, Penguin, 1990
Isaacson, Walter and Thomas, Evan The Wise Men, Simon & Schuster, 1986
Jeffreys-Jones, Rhodri The CIA and American Democracy Yale University Press, 1989
Jessop, Bob State Theory, Polity Press, 1990
Koenig, Peter 'A prince among bankers who wears Lazard's triple crown' Independent on Sunday, 11 February 1990
Korbonski, Stefan Warsaw in Exile, Allen and Unwin, 1966
Milward, Alan The Reconstruction of Federal Europe, Methuen, 1981
The European Rescue of the Nation State, Routledge, 1992
Milward, Alan et al The Frontier of national Sovereignty, Routledge, 1994
Mills, C. Wright. The Power Elite, Oxford University Press, 1956
Mizruchi, Mark The American Corporate Network 1904-1971 Sage, 1982
Monnet, Jean Memoirs Collins, 1978
Pisani, Sally The CIA and the Marshall Plan University of, Edinburgh Press, 1992
Pomian, John (ed.) Joseph Retinger: Memoirs of an Eminence Grise Sussex University Press, 1972
Ramsay, Robin & Dorril, Stephen Lobster 11, April 1986
Ramsay, Robin & Dorril, Stephen 'The Pinay Circle' Lobster 17, 8 November 1988
Ramsay, Robin & Dorril Stephen 'In a Common Cause: the AntiCommunist Crusade in Britain 1945-60' Lobster 19, May 1990
Reich, Cary Financier: the biography of Andre Meyer Quill, 1983
Retinger, Joseph The European Continent? Hodge, 1946
Schuman, Frederick The Commonwealth of Man Robert Hale 1954
Shoup, Laurence H. & Minter, William Imperial Brain Trust Monthly Review Press, I977
Sklar, Holly (ed.) Trilateralism South End Press, l980
Stokman. Frans et al. (eds.) Networks of Corporate Power Polity Press, 1985
Teacher, David The Pinay Circle and Destabilisation in Europe' Lobster 18, October 1989
Tether, C. Gordon The Banned Articles of C Gordon Tether Hetheringstoke, 1976
Van der Pijl, Kees The Mating of an Atlantic Ruling Class Verso, 1984
Vaughan, Richard Post-War Integration in Europe Edward Arnold 1976
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AS EGYPTIAN mummies go, Asru is a major celebrity. During her life in the 8th century BC, she was known for her singing at the temple of Amun in Karnak; now she is famous for her medical problems. Forensic studies have revealed that although Asru lived into her sixties, she was not a well woman. She had furred-up arteries, desert lung (pneumoconiosis) caused by breathing in sand, osteoarthritis, a slipped disc, periodontal disease and possibly diabetes, as well as parasitic worms in her intestine and bladder. Her last years must have been full of pain and suffering. After all, what could her doctor do to help? Say a few prayers and recite a spell or two?
If you read the history books, that's about as much as Asru could expect. But not according to Jackie Campbell at the KNH Centre for Biomedical Egyptology at the University of Manchester in the UK. Her research suggests that Asru's doctor probably consulted a handbook of remedies and prescribed something to soothe her cough, deaden the pain in her joints and perhaps even expel some of those worms (see "Cure of the mummy"). What's more, Campbell's findings indicate that Asru's doctor had more than a thousand years of pharmaceutical expertise to draw on. If she is right, the history of medicine needs rewriting.
According to the textbooks, science-based medicine and effective pharmacy both began with the Greeks. In the 5th century BC, Hippocrates introduced rational medicine based on diagnosis and a reasoned approach to treatment. The first pharmacopoeia, De Materia Medica - a list of 600 drugs and how to acquire and prepare the ingredients - is attributed to Dioscorides in AD 50. And the "father of pharmacy" was another Greek, Claudius Galenus, who became surgeon to the gladiators in 2nd-century Rome. "The Egyptians clearly practised some medicine long before the Greeks, but much of it was thought of as fanciful and dominated by magic," says Campbell. Could such a sophisticated people really lag so far behind in such vital skills? Campbell didn't think so.
The key obstacle to establishing just what the Egyptians knew about pharmacy has been translation. While the Greeks left a vast legacy of medical texts in a familiar language, we know of only 12 from the time of the pharaohs - written on papyrus in a vanished language that scholars are still grappling with. From their descriptions of diseases and treatments, the texts have left little doubt that the ancient Egyptians had considerable medical skills, but weighing up their pharmaceutical knowledge has proved trickier: although the papyri include some 2000 prescriptions, doubts surround the identity of many of the ingredients listed.
Translators rely heavily on context to infer the meanings of ancient Egyptian words. "When words appear in writings on different subjects they can confirm whether the meaning they've assigned a word makes sense," says Rosalie David, director of the KNH Centre. With the prescriptions, translators rarely have that option because medicinal plants or minerals seldom crop up elsewhere. "Worse, some of the words appear only in lists and never in sentences," says David.
Stuck for the right word, translators have made educated guesses, narrowing down the options linguistically before consulting a pharmacopoeia to see which ingredient had the same medicinal use and best fit the description. "If the translator was working in the 1890s, they looked up the drugs available then," Campbell says. "Later translators picked from the drugs available in their day." As a result, some 30 per cent of ingredients in the papyri were disputed. Campbell realised she would need firmer identifications before she could say how fanciful - or helpful - ancient Egyptian remedies might have been.
"I'm not a linguistics expert so I used science to authenticate the prescriptions," she says. With most drugs extracted from plants, her first check was whether a plant named in a prescription grew or was traded in Egypt at the time the papyri were written. If it wasn't, she could rule it out. Fortunately, the flora of ancient Egypt is well known. Thousands of botanical specimens collected from archaeological sites are held in museums, many of them accurately dated, and some plants are illustrated in wall paintings and sculptures. Better still is the evidence from pollen grains incorporated in mud bricks or buried deep in the soil. Geological core samples have enabled archaeobotanists to reconstruct Egypt's past flora in enough detail to say what was indigenous or traded.
Campbell's second approach was pharmacological: could the named ingredient have worked the way a prescription indicated? Normally, this would be the province of a forensic chemist, who would take a sample, analyse its constituents and check for biological activity. Sadly, archaeologists have yet to find any pots of ointment or neatly moulded suppositories. "But we had something better," she says. "Recipes."
What the doctor ordered
Although often prefaced by a prayer or spell, each prescription provides all the information needed to reproduce the remedy, from its ingredients and method of preparation right down to the dose. They follow a standard format, listing the active ingredient first, followed by stabilisers, flavourings to mask unpleasant tastes, perhaps a soothing agent to help it down and sometimes secondary drugs to alleviate the side effects of the principal drug. Last of all comes the medium, or "vehicle", in which everything is mixed.
Focusing on four key papyri, which contain 1000 prescriptions and date from 1850 BC to around 1200 BC, Campbell analysed each prescription and compared it with contemporary standards and protocols. "I looked at the source of the drug and the formulation: was it a cream or an enema or a draught and so on. Then I looked at the preparation: would the active drug have been extracted appropriately? And then, could it have worked? Was the drug given the right way and in a suitable dose?" Several plants named in previous translations, such as cinnamon and aniseed, would not have worked in the ancient remedies and there is no evidence that they existed in Egypt at the time. Other plants existed but had been wrongly translated. "Some were obviously so right while others seemed improbable," says Campbell.
After five years of painstaking analyses, she had compiled an ancient Egyptian pharmacopoeia listing all of the drugs in the papyri, their sources and how they were used. She had confirmed or come up with more plausible identifications for 284 ingredients - various parts of 134 species of plants, 24 animals and 28 minerals. Of the original 1000 prescriptions, she could now say exactly how 550 were made and whether they would work. For another 156, she knew all but a minor ingredient - enough to say if the remedy worked. That left 234 with unknown ingredients and 27 for which the prescription failed to identify what the drug was intended for. "We've got some of the mystery ingredients down to half a dozen possibilities. Others we'll never identify," says Campbell.
The Egyptians' choice of ingredients has certainly stood the test of time. When Campbell consulted Martindale's Extra Pharmacopoeia - the 1977 edition, when drugs were still prepared in a dispensary - she found that 62 per cent of ingredients named in the papyri were still in use in the 1970s. Many still are - or at least synthetic versions of them.
When preparing their remedies, the Egyptians used techniques familiar to modern pharmacists. They knew when to concentrate a drug by boiling, when to dilute it and when grinding released more of the active ingredient. They were expert in extracting drugs from plants, steeping them in either water or alcohol depending on the solubility of the active compound. "Colocynth (bitter apple), for instance, can only be extracted in mild alcohol and it always was - in either beer or wine," says Campbell. Some preparations required a two-stage extraction - first in water or alcohol and then in acid - achieved by steeping in vinegary wine or soured milk, which produces butyric acid. Most remedies were made up as required, but if they had to last longer they were preserved in sugar or alcohol. "I didn't find one drug that wasn't prepared properly," Campbell says. "I have no evidence that they were aware of the chemistry of their actions, but fortuitously or otherwise, they adopted the right techniques."
The formulations stood comparison too. Checking against the 1973 British Pharmaceutical Codex, which lays down standards and protocols for making up medicines, Campbell found 67 per cent of the ancient Egyptian remedies complied, with one proviso - the Egyptians knew nothing of the need for sterility. Apart from drugs given by injection, they dispensed all the same types of medicines as we do. They had enemas, draughts and linctuses, lotions and liniments, creams, ointments and mouthwashes. They had eye drops (to be dripped through a bird's quill), pills, powders and poultices and, for gynaecological conditions, pessaries. For nasal congestion, doctors prescribed remedies to be inhaled (pour onto hot stones and breathe through a hollow reed). They were particularly adept at preparing suppositories, mixing the drug into a heavy grease and then rolling this into a pellet firm enough for insertion but which would melt at body temperature.
Effective remedies
So the ancient Egyptians had expert knowledge of drugs and knew the most effective ways to prepare and deliver them, but was that enough to call them pharmacists? For that, their remedies had to be effective.
Ignorant of the causes of most diseases, ancient Egyptian doctors inevitably focused on symptoms. Then, as now, a soothing linctus quietened a cough whatever the cause, and a warming poultice that stimulated blood flow would relieve joint pain, whether from rheumatism or osteoarthritis. In some instances, where the cause was obvious, as with a wound or intestinal worms, the chosen drug tackled both symptoms and cause.
Knowing the drug, the dose, how it was to be administered and what it was prescribed for meant it was possible to compare its effectiveness with modern remedies. Campbell was impressed. "Sixty-four per cent of the prescriptions had therapeutic value on a par with drugs used in the past 50 years. In many cases even the dosing was right."
So what did Egyptian doctors prescribe? They were especially keen on laxatives, and dispensed irritants such as castor oil or colocynth, lubricants including balanites (extracted from the kernel of the desert date), or simply recommended bulk fibre, such as figs or bran. For indigestion, they prescribed an antacid of powdered limestone (calcium carbonate) where we take magnesium carbonate. For diarrhoea, doctors dispensed something to absorb water and toxins from the gut, such as kaolin or powdered carob, or a plant containing hyoscine, an alkaloid that relaxes smooth muscle and reduces gut movement. For flatulence and intestinal cramps, patients could rely on cumin and coriander - both effective antispasmodics. The discomfort of piles was eased with a suppository laced with hemp.
The ancient Egyptians had effective remedies for waterborne parasites too. The most common was extract of pomegranate, which contains pelletierine, a powerful antihelminthic used until 50 years ago to get rid of tapeworms. Antimony was effective against flukes, and balanites oil, although given to soothe burning in the bladder symptomatic of schistosomiasis, would also have killed the worms that caused it.
Like Asru the chantress, many people suffered from musculoskeletal disorders. The treatments were also many and varied. A patient might be instructed to rub liniment into aching joints, or bandage a warming poultice over the painful area. Extracts of mustard, juniper and frankincense or turpentine stimulated blood flow, providing warmth and enhancing the immune response.
Treatments for wounds were clearly effective. Mummy studies have revealed evidence of potentially fatal injuries that had healed. Egyptian physicians treated wounds with resins and metals, both of which have antimicrobial properties, and with honey - which does not comply with modern pharmaceutical standards but nevertheless works and is increasingly used to treat ulcers and burns when antibiotics fail. By extracting water from the wound by osmosis, it makes conditions too dry for the growth of bacteria.
If two-thirds of remedies were sound, what of the remainder? Some were obviously symbolic: hedgehog quills will not cure baldness, and a tap on the head with a dead fish won't do much for a migraine. Others were more a case of hope triumphing over experience: when it came to impotence, for instance, the Egyptians prescribed a remedy with 39 active ingredients - none of which would have had the slightest effect.
"Hedgehog quills will not cure baldness, and a tap on the head with a dead fish won't do much for a migraine"
Yet some of the odder prescriptions may turn out to be more sensible than anyone imagined. Crocodile dung as a contraceptive? There is some suggestion that, applied as a pessary, its acidity would be spermicidal. For pain relief, the papyri recommend celery seed, chewed and swallowed in alcohol. "When I began this study I thought that was one of the fanciful remedies but today celery is being investigated for its anti-rheumatic properties," says Campbell. Ancient Egyptian physicians also recommended saffron for back pain and both Crocus sativa, the source of saffron, and safflower (false saffron) are used this way in traditional medicine.
Although Campbell's findings show that the ancient Egyptians were practising a genuine form of pharmacy long before the Greeks, many questions remain about how advanced it was. Campbell hopes to answer some of these in collaboration with Mohamed El-Demerdash and his team, which is working on Egypt's Conservation of Medicinal Plants Project. The project aims to re-establish and protect wild medicinal plants and to preserve the age-old knowledge of Bedouin healers.
One puzzle is why both ancient prescriptions and Bedouin healers specify doses for some drugs that appear to fall below the threshold for activity. Campbell and El-Demerdash suspect that Egypt's wild-grown plants are more potent than those cultivated for conventional medicine. "Plants that grow in harsh environments synthesise more of certain active compounds to enable them to withstand the stress of drought or extreme temperature," says El-Demerdash. Analyses of plants grown by the team should resolve this.
The project could also help Campbell identify some of the ingredients that still defy translation. Bedouin healers harvest the same species and make remarkably similar remedies as in pharaonic times. If Campbell is lucky, she may find they still make remedies containing some of the mystery ingredients - and for once there will be samples to analyse.
On a visit to Sinai in October, Campbell ran through her pharmacopoeia with Ahmed Mansoor, a prominent local healer. "For days all I could find was similarity - nothing that I didn't know of already," she says. Before she returned to Manchester, however, Mansoor surprised her with a gift - a bag containing dung from feral donkeys that roam the mountainsides where many medicinal plants grow. "This is nature's pharmacy," he said, explaining that the Bedouin boil the dung to make a tea, which they drink as a tonic or for upset stomachs, or apply to wounds.
The Egyptian papyri include half a dozen apparently irrational prescriptions based on animal dung - so did Campbell try it? "No. But I brought a sample back for analysis."
From issue 2634 of New Scientist magazine, 15 December 2007, page 40-43
This May Be The Most Important Document
You Ever Read In Your Life!
Do you believe in a GRAND CONSPIRACY ? Do you believe Oswald acted alone ? Do you believe that government is corrupt ? If so, then to what DEGREE ? That may depend on how willing you are to open your eyes and mind to SEE. Why is it that the more things change, the more they stay the same ? Why doesn't society ever seem to grow up ? Most people grow up thinking that the world is very big and we believe the world exists the way it does today because this is the direction humanity has taken and chosen.
The road that we are taking as a nation in America and as a human race on the planet Earth is being paved for us in advance and sold to us for a profit.
Many people talk about conspiracies such as WATERGATE, IRAN-CONTRA, THE S & L (Savings and Loan) SCANDAL, THE FEDERAL RESERVE, OCTOBER SURPRISE, KENNEDY, THE FREEMASONS, THE COUNCIL ON FOREIGN RELATIONS and THE TRILATERAL COMMISSION, and even GREY ALIENS, but very few people know the real facts enough to explain them because they are not researched themselves. As information comes down the pipeline it becomes distorted and confused because most of the people passing along the information do not know the entire story, they have not researched much information themselves, and they tend to be biased as well. (They tend to have an angle in the information they put out, usually because they have an ulterior motive. ) I can only state from research of seven years, WHAT I BELIEVE to be the TRUTH based on mostly HARD FACTS.
For AT LEAST five- to ten thousand years, mankind has been aware of MORE scientific and spiritual facts than we are currently aware of today as a great society and nation. The libraries of Alexandria, which held the collection of the world's greatest knowledge, existed in Egypt thousands of years ago. The Essenes were just one secret sect of Gnostics (Knowledge Holders) that existed around two thousand years ago. Since the earliest times of Pagan groups and Nature religions, the SUN has been considered a SYMBOL for LIFE. The Ancients believed that when the SUN gave off it's energy, it was giving IT'S life for US. They believed that the SUN of GOD, the LIGHT of the WORLD is ALL SALVATION because He has RISEN. He is therefore our ETERNAL SAVIOR. There has always been a struggle between LIGHT and DARK forces in the world. When the SUN goes down and it becomes DARK, we cannot SEE. We naturally fear what we do not know and since we cannot SEE in the DARK, we do not know what's there and we fear. When the SUN would SET (Satan), it would get DARK. But when the SUN was on the HORIZON (Horus, translates to Jesus), it would be called THE SAVIOR. This formed the basis for early Christianity.
The Essenes, as well as other secret societies around the times were PRIESTHOODS, so the early CHURCH was an established KNOWLEDGE CENTER with IDEAS ENCODED SYMBOLICALLY into religious text. After time, symbols lose their meaning except to those whom are INITIATED. Essentially, they held knowledge of ARCHETYPAL ENERGIES that bond or link Spirit to matter. These energies are expressed in mathematics and Greek Gematria called SACRED GEOMETRY. The word OCCULT means HIDDEN. They took the knowledge, hid it, and made it appear to be EVIL, so that they would know it, we wouldn't, and they could then control us a lot easier. This allowed an early guild of bricklayers, or MASONS, to be established, making it possible to build great pyramids, etc. Now, if everybody knew how to build a pyramid, then not only would the Pharaoh's tomb be no greater than Joe neighbor's cottage, but the Masons would also lose a lot of money building great castles and churches throughout Europe. This was the basis for early CAPITALISM, but we will discuss this later.
SACRED MUSHROOM ingesting and CANNABIS-smoking shamans are tribe spirit leaders in a sense and they practice inducing a state of consciousness in warrior tribesmen to temporarily replace their consciousness with animal consciousness to perform certain tasks or learn spiritual lessons or principles. There were special groups of assassin cults that were trained in earlier times using substances like hashish and they were called "Hashishans" or "Assassins". Although these two practices are not identical, they are similar and related. While the first example may be considered early natural mind control in the sense of learning to control your own mind, the second example could be considered manipulative mind control in the sense that the participants were trained under hallucinogens to kill for God or "Allah".
The Assassins, as well as a society called The Order of Lady of Sion appeared at the same time around 1090 AD. Out of The Order of Lady of Sion came Notre Dame de Sion and five out of nine of the founders of the KNIGHTS TEMPLAR came from this order. The Templars and Assassins had interlocking affairs and philosophies. They also had ongoing fights as well as commercial dealings. The Templars pronounced vows to poverty and in the meantime amassed great fortunes for the church (really themselves), and were responsible for financing the Crusades and other bloody religious wars. They were also some of the first to set up banks in Jerusalem. These were Temple Banks which occasionally were raided for their gold. This forced the Templars to develop branch banking, or, putting your money in several places so it doesn't all get taken at once. This is where the idea of a central bank and it's local branches comes from, which became the model for banking in Europe and America. The Knights Templar became more popular when they were exposed in the fourteenth century and banished by the king. Jacques de Moley was burned at the stake for being a homosexual and a heretic. A portion of the Templar's wealth was seized by the king and handed over to their sister society, called the Knights Hospitalers, who were a branch of the Templars responsible for medical facilities in the kingdom. There is evidence to suggest that the Templars may have carried themselves on as the Rosicrucians for the next couple of centuries. This really doesn't matter too much, though, because all of these orders or secret societies are offshoots of other ones. They are all Masonic in nature because of the nature of the information which they possess.
The same secret societies and old European bloodline families are in control of the world today. To better understand what they do, we need to look at their philosophies and ideas. One motto of theirs is "Ordo ab Chao" or "order out or chaos". First they create CHAOS, then they propose the solution, ORDER, secretly from behind the scenes to control a given situation. There are different areas of Freemasonry and it is all a hierarchy of power. Occasionally, Masonic groups will work against each other in the public forum through the agencies which they control, but they may be united behind the scenes. You will see examples of what I mean very soon.
The first Masonic lodges by that name appeared in England in the 1600's and within a century they were spread throughout most of Europe, including Germany and France and the colonies of early America. One of the purposes they served was as a forum for the elite individuals to meet and discuss their political and social views without fear of religious persecution. Remember, just a couple of centuries earlier under Rome in the Dark Ages, they would kill you if you didn't believe that the moon was made of green cheese. In Rome, they realized that they could not rule the world by themselves and that they would need a consensus of nations or a United Kingdom and United Nations. The symbol for Fascism is a bundle of sticks wrapped together with a hatchet or an axe tied to it.
It represents a world consensus of power or AXIS POWER. It appears on the U. S. Senate flag today and on the back of the American mercury dime from 1916 to 1945. While there were several enlightened societies around calling themselves illuminated, it was on May 1, 1776 that Professor Adam Weishaupt put together a secret society called The "ILLUMINATI". It's sole purpose secretly was to control the world. Weishaupt was a genius of a particular sort as far as scheming and manipulation are concerned. He was a respected teacher at the University of Ingolstadt at the time and had many connections in education. He became a Mason but was also a Jesuit priest. He learned as much as he could and decided to put his own secret society together. He used a process of initiation and power dissemination among ranks similar to the structure of a pyramid, where one sole individual or group at the top know what's going on but no one else really does, they only know a little until they succeed up the ranks and learn only a little more. In the meantime, they don't know who is watching them or above them keeping them in check.
In the highest circles of the order they propose to control the world through a One-world government, which they stated they could do by converting existing Masons to concepts of Illuminism. Weishaupt told them about the Utopia that could be established on Earth if everyone who KNEW would secretly work together to bring about this plan. Being free-thinkers and atheists to begin with, they proposed abolishing religion, government, orders of class, right to own property, or even raise your own children; and they believed that the ENDS justified the MEANS, meaning that whatever it takes to accomplish this task should be done WITHOUT HESITATION. Within two years they had over 3000 members and many established lodges. Within several years they were exposed and banished from Bavaria. The documents were recovered and displayed in the British museum where they exist today. This is an important historical fact that has been severely covered up in America. They continued to exist, however, in the form of the German Union and scattered Reading Societies. Through their combined fortunes, the members of the Illuminati gained control over the literary societies and printing press. They circulated printed papers showing falsities of religion and abuses of government and promoted a general state of desperation throughout society, all the while blaming it on religion and government. They sought to promote ANARCHY and REVOLUTION, whereby they would strip the monarchy (king) of power using the classes (people) as a lever to ultimately bring power back into their own hands, all the while creating new forms of government which would be puppets they could secretly control from behind the scenes.
In Germany, the lodges which preceded the Illuminati were the Lodge Theodore and the Lodge of Strict Observance. In France they were known as the GRAND ORIENT TEMPLE MASONS. Their motto was "LIBERTY, EQUALITY, FRATERNITY". In 1789, they beheaded the King and Queen of France and orchestrated what was historically known as the French Revolution. This was only the first of several revolutions to come. Weishaupt had succeeded in grabbing the existing reigns of power in both Europe and America, entwining them together using new philosophical concepts, and tightening all of the existing slack.
In 1797, a book appeared in Europe by John Robison called "Proofs of A Conspiracy against all of the Religions and Governments of Europe, Carried on in the Secret Meetings of Freemasons, Illuminati and Reading Societies". Then in 1799, written in another country and in another language, Abbe Augustine Barruel published his four-volume study entitled "Memoirs Illustrating the History of Jacobinism". Then in 1826, William Morgan, an American Freemason who had written a book entitled "Illustrations of Freemasonry", was abducted and drowned in Lake Ontario. Because of the existence of these books, as well as the murder scandal, there was a nationwide furor resulting in the creation of an Anti-Masonic political party in 1829. After this there was a temporary drop in membership in the lodges, but their control over the press soon caused the anger to diminish.
There is what is called the "Colombian" faction of the Illuminati which came over to America early on. The documents that were recovered in Germany showed that the symbol for the Illuminati society was the PYRAMID and the EYE IN THE CAPSTONE as shown on the back of the ONE-DOLLAR BILL. The symbol for Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) is the ALL-SEEING EYE. The U. S. is located in the District of Columbia. There is Columbia University, and the Columbia space shuttle.
The Americas have been called the New World since Columbus, however, Columbus did not come here first. There had already been a "New England Charter" and a colony established twenty years before he arrived. In America in the east, we have the area of NEW ENGLAND, where the first colonies were established. The eventual American Revolution wasn't actually a real revolution. The Founding Fathers (Masons), did not go to war with their parents, the monarchy of England. There are many prominent American Presidents who are related to strong European bloodlines and great wealth. When the YORK Rite Masons of York, England, came over here, they settled on the East coast and declared it NEW YORK. Then they went to work to build the "Empire State". In New York sits the Statue of "LIBERTY", given to us by FRANCE, holding up the Masonic torch of ENLIGHTENMENT. The highest degrees of Freemasonry are the 32nd and 33rd degree.
On the back of the dollar bill, on the Great Seal of the U. S. , there are 32 feathers on the right wing of the eagle and 33 on the left. Underneath the pyramid, the Latin term "Novus Ordo Seclorum" means "New World Order". It has appeared on the dollar bill since 1933.
Karl Marx and Frederick Engels were students of Weishaupt and Illuminism. The 10 platforms that make up COMMUNISM are identical to the goals of the ILLUMINATI. The Communist Manifesto appeared in 1848 and Communism formed itself as a solid revolutionary movement in Russia in the early 1900's, in the form of the Bolshevik Revolution.
One particular group of families made up of the Russell's and the Piertpont's founded several scholastic institutions, two of which were Yale and Princeton. Rev. James Piertpont and Rev. Nodiah Russell CO-founded Yale in 1701. In 1832, Gen. William Huntington Russell and Alfonso Taft, grandfather of William Howard Taft, former President of the U.S., founded a secret society at Yale called SKULL AND BONES, or "The Brotherhood of Death". Gen. Huntington's brother-in-law, Samuel Russell, founded "Russell and Co.", the world's largest opium smuggling syndicate at the time. This provided them with a huge fortune in the millions. The founders and later influential graduates of Skull and Bones studied philosophy and other subjects in Germany where many prominent "Illuminated" teachers were working. Probably the most influential family in this power circle throughout the last century has been the Harriman family. Edward H. Harriman amassed over $60 million in the late 1800's in a swift stock deal involving Union Pacific Railroad and Kuhn Loeb. (1904 Northern Securities case) William Averall Harriman, his son, graduated Yale in the Skull and Bones Fraternity in 1913. Averall Harriman controlled Harriman and Co. which owns Brown Bros. and Harriman, the world's largest private investment bank. Prescott Bush, George Bush's father was initiated and graduated in 1917. Prescott Bush as well as some other Skull and Bones Graduates were directors of the bank. These banks as well as Guaranty Trust and Union Banking Corp, all of which were controlled by Skull and Bones, were the most influential entities in building up the Soviet Union from the early times of the Bolshevik Revolution in the early 1900's, through contracts to improve mining of raw materials and rebuilding of the RR transportation infrastructure. These same banks were also directly responsible for financing Hitler's rise to power and build up of Nazi- Socialism through contacts and subsidiary banks in Germany.
The PURPOSE for the build up of World Wars was to create a NEED for PEACE so that a UNITED NATIONS may be needed and then created as a SOLUTION for establishing peace between nations. A WORLD body of GOVERNMENT with a WORLD COURT and a WORLD POLICE to keep nations in place and to concentrate power into a few people's hands. Who's hands? William Howard Taft, Skull and Bones graduate of 1878, helped found the American Society for the Judicial Settlement of International Disputes in 1920. This soon became the League to Enforce the Peace, then the League of Nations and then finally The United Nations. If you look at things from a historical perspective, the U.N. today has implemented or is in the process of implementing all the planks of Adam Weishaupt's Manifesto. When George Bush took us to war in the Persian Gulf, he stated boldly that he didn't need the approval of Congress anymore to declare war because he had a U.N. Mandate. We have sacrificed a large part of our U.S. sovereignty. The U.N. has recently passed a Declaration of Children's Right's. It is now a RIGHT of the child to receive vaccinations, which do more harm than good, and a parent doesn't have the right to interfere. Parents who interfere with the rights of a child or abuse a child or are accused of abuse can have their children taken by the state. If you are seen spanking a child more than two or three times, the child abuse police will be unleashed against you. This amounts to nothing more than a giant power transfer, from US to THEM. The only way they can do this is by tricking us into thinking that we are so irresponsible that we cannot manage our own affairs and lives and that the state is better suited to raise our children. If you still like the U.N. then wait until you get hit with the new U.N. TAX that is coming.
This brings us to the World Bank, the IMF (International Monetary Fund), both creations of the U.N., and banking in general. In Switzerland there is a big building that is divided into 3 parts. If you look at it from above it looks like a peace symbol or Rune. This is the headquarters of the United Nations and the World Bank, the 3rd part is the World headquarters of Freemasonry. It's so convenient they can go back and forth between coffee breaks. In Brussels, there is a computer called "The Beast" which stores the names and information of every person in the world and that was created years ago. By now, it probably orbits the planet. THE U.S. IS A CORPORATION located in the DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA and each CITIZEN IS A FRANCHISE OF THE U.S. IDENTIFIED BY A SOCIAL SECURITY #.
One of the main influences of British Masonry comes to America in the area of Banking. Cecil
Rhodes made his fortune from diamond mines in South Africa. Millions and millions of dollars were secured and put into a trust in his will to be used to finance the creation of secret societies for the furtherance of Anglo-Saxon rulership in the New World Order and the eventual recapture of the U.S.
for England through the creation of a central bank in America. Cecil Rhodes formed what is called the "Rhodes Scholarship" at Oxford. There is also the Round Table in England put together by Alfred Milner. Bill Clinton is a Rhodes Scholar as well as other things. In Europe, at least at the time, the Rothschilds were the leading banking clan. Paul Warburg, an agent for the Rothschilds as well as several members of Skull & Bones were instrumental in setting up the Federal Reserve Central Banking system in America in 1913. President Andrew Jackson had stated that the central bankers were a den of vipers and thieves and he intended to drive them out of America in earlier times. He also
stated that if the American people understood the rank injustice of our banking system, there would be a revolution by morning. President Thomas Jefferson stated "If the Americanpeople ever allow the private banks to control the issue of their currency, first by inflation, then by deflation, the banks and the corporations that grow up around them will deprive the people of all property until their children wake up homeless on the continent their fathers conquered". Abraham Lincoln took action against the central bank in his time and he was killed for it.
President Garfield was shot and killed shortly after declaring that whoever controls the supply of currency would control the business and activities of all people. Baron Nathan Mayer de Rothschild once said, "Let me issue and control a nations money and I care not who writes the laws".
The measure of a nations wealth is the sum total of it's goods, services, natural resources and private wealth. In early America, private wealth consisted mostly of gold or silver. This is a great monetary standard because it has inherent value. For a long time, gold was worth $20.00 an ounce.
A One-Ounce gold coin was a $20.00 piece. Our grandfathers and great grandfathers found it a hassle to carry these around during large transactions due to heavy weight and frequent robbery, so out of the kindness of their hearts, the bankers would allow people to leave their gold and silver on deposit, while the bank would issue a gold or silver certificate, a piece of paper that was as good as gold. It said on the bill, "Pay to bearer upon demand in gold or silver. So after the bankers started to issue these notes they saw after a while that the people were not using the gold as much and coming back to withdraw it and that they could issue and loan more notes than they had gold to back it up. This is the true source of inflation. A short time later they replaced the gold and silver certificates with Federal reserve notes which are worthless. Without the gold and silver, the real valuables, America was essentially bankrupt. The Federal Reserve is a private corporation. When Federal Reserve notes are printed they are loaned to the U.S. Treasury or the people. Notes that cost 2 cents each are printed by the Fed and loaned to the U.S. government at face value plus 8 1/2% interest compounded. The interest is collected each year by the IRS (Repo Man), also a private corporation controlled by the Federal Reserve. With a federal deficit of 4 trillion 8 hundred billion dollars so far, the interest is in the neighborhood of $200 Billion dollars, which is drained from the economy each year in the form of income taxes. The words "Federal Reserve Note" first appeared on our paper currency in 1933.
It is common sense that if you are borrowing money from someone and you have to pay interest then where will the money come from to pay the interest ? If you have to borrow it then that creates more interest. Obviously, in this situation, there is no way out. However, coins are minted by the U.S. treasury and they are worth their face value as currency. There is a clause written into the agreement that provides us with the option to buy back the right to issue our own currency. The solution to the problem of the National Debt is to coin a 4 trillion dollar coin and use it to pay off the Federal Reserve. It would have to be accepted and it could even be made out of copper nickel clad. In 1963, President Kennedy passed an Executive Order calling for the printing of $450 Billion dollars in U.S. backed Debt-Free currency. Shortly after, he was killed and as soon as his successor, Lyndon Johnson took office, the first thing he did was suspend the executive order and the printing of the currency. If you look hard enough, you can find $2 bills from 1963 that say "U.S. Treasury" at the top instead of "Federal Reserve note". 1964 was the last year silver was used as the standard coin metal and coincidentally Kennedy's face first appeared on the half-dollar. Now, 23 years later, silver is $5.00 per ounce instead of $1. If you still don't see how this works, just realize that 23 years later, you now need 5 times as much money (work) to buy the same ounce of silver and 60 years later, after they removed the gold, we have to pay 20 times as much money for the same ounce of gold. ($400.00 / ounce). The moral of this little story is that we are being ripped off by the biggest "Sleight of Hand" money scam ever devised. There is a Masonic term for this kind of deception, they call it "Hoodwinked". We are the sheep and we have had the wool pulled over our eyes.
It may appear to be a grand conspiracy where you may think that everyone knows what's going on, or you may say that it is impossible for everyone to work together on such a large scale for so long and so secretly, but the truth is that not everybody knows everything. Some people that are a part of the establishment only know a little and some don't really have a clue, some just follow the money, but most that hold high degrees have a pretty good idea, if not a lot of knowledge about the inner workings of the conspiracy.
Big name families like the Rockefellers and J.P. Morgan, even in their time, were not the main financial powers in America. They were highly paid agents, front-men and spokespeople. Henry Ford resigned from the Ford Foundation citing an inability to maintain control over affairs. The Rockefeller foundation ties into and controls the American Medical Association and the public educational system through textbook publishing. The Rockefeller family got started with the help of the Harriman family, the Whitney's (Eli Whitney's family) and Standard Oil of New York (SONY), now Exxon. They have a lot of influence, even today.
All of the founding fathers of this nation were Masons as well as almost all of the presidents. The building of early American colonies as well as the American Revolution would not have been possible if it were not for a very special plant. The Cannabis / Hemp plant was used throughout the world since the beginning of time for just about everything that mankind needed. Paper made from hemp was used for books, bibles, maps, and money. You can produce 4 times as much paper from an acre of hemp as you can from an acre of trees at 1/4 the cost, 1/5 the pollution, it is 10 times stronger and lasts up to 1000 years instead of only 50. And it can be recycled 4 times as many times as paper from wood pulp. The Constitution was printed on hemp paper as well as the first 3 drafts of the Declaration of Independence. Even great sailing ships like the U.S.S. Constitution were made primarily out of hemp. Hemp is the STRONGEST natural fiber on the planet. Hemp is 26 times stronger than cotton and 10 times longer lasting. The first Levi jeans were made out of hemp as well as all of the soldier's clothes for the Revolutionary War. It requires no chemicals to grow, has very few natural enemies, and grows in the widest variety of climates of any weed or plant. It is also the FASTEST GROWING plant on the planet, growing 4 times faster than corn. The seeds from the hemp plant provide the highest source of complete vegetable protein of any food source on earth. Even higher than soybeans. It has also been re-realized lately that the hemp seed is the highest source of Essential Fatty Acids in the world. ESSENTIAL, meaning :NECESSARY FOR LIFE, Fatty Acids are necessary for us and beneficial for cleaning the cholesterol out of the arteries naturally. All oils in the supermarket are bad since they are placed in clear plastic containers and exposed to direct sunlight. They become as bad as saturated fats, and end up CAUSING cholesterol buildup, leading to heart attacks, etc. Hemp seed oil can even be used as a machine-grade lubricant for engines and other machines replacing petroleum oil from the ground.
Henry Ford built his Ford Model-T using hemp to line the side panels. The impact strength was 10 times stronger than steel alone. This would eliminate many vehicular deaths today. The Model-T was also designed to run on hemp fuel which Henry Ford grew. This was displayed in Popular Mechanics in Feb. of 1938. Concentrated extracts of Cannabis from the flowers were the 2nd most used medicines in America for 150 years for over 100 separate medical illnesses. It is probably the best natural medicine for Glaucoma, stress, and controlling nausea, and works very well for arthritis , asthma, and epilepsy. It is estimated that Hemp would have at least 50,000 commercial uses if it were legal in America today.
The reason that Hemp is illegal in America today is because the main families in America (Masons), the Harrimans and Rockefellers (Standard Oil), the Whitneys (Eli Whitney-Cotton Gin), Dupont (Chemicals in wood pulp processing and cotton pesticides), and Hearst (Newspapers, Media) find it more profitable to sell us unnecessary chemicals, unneeded dug-up petroleum oil, immune system destroying pharmaceuticals, and axed up trees cut into real thin slices, all at over-inflated prices and at the expense of our health and living environment. For these companies, the real problem is that one cannot patent a natural plant. Almost everything produced in America by large corporations is exported for sale on the world markets. The total value of oil, petrochemicals, and pharmaceutical sales totals hundreds of billions of dollars. However, with the availability of over 50,000 new products and the necessity to manufacture them, America would be a much richer nation if the farmers and the average citizen were allowed to grow this valuable crop.
Right now, the power is concentrated in the hands of a few rich individuals like George Bush, for example, who's legacy goes something like this : Graduated Yale in the Skull and Bones fraternity in 1948, went into the Airforce, got shot down and was played up in the press as a war hero, becomes owner of Zapata Off-shore Oil , which controls a large fleet of oil tankers off the coast of Kuwait, becomes director of the CIA, working to introduce cocaine and heroin in large part to America, is made Director of Eli Lilly Pharmaceuticals by Dan Quayle's Father (Lilly produces precursor chemicals used in cocaine production), sits on the board of First Interstate Bank, Puralator Shipping, and Texas Gulf (Fertilizers and pesticides to grow the Coca with and then spray on it to wipe some of it out), then becomes Vice-President and Drug Czar (During this time Cocaine influx into the U.S. increased by over 2000 %), declares war on the American people and the Bill of Rights through the militarization of a phony drug war, tricks Saddam Hussein with the help of the leaders of Kuwait, into attacking Iraq (The reason was Zapata Oil's slant drilling from Kuwait into Iraqi territory) so that he could declare war under a U.N. Mandate, strengthen the U.N. and hike up oil prices, then before leaving office, signs into law a secret Telecommunications Bill requiring the switch-over of all Federal and Bank phone lines to Fiber Optic for the purpose of electronic funds transfer as required by law in the year 2000 when cash and checks will be no longer legal. If that isn't bad enough, he also has brothers and sons that are Skull and Bones members and they do politics as well. Neil Bush (Silverado Savings and Loan Scam), there is Jeb Bush and there are several other Bush's hiding in the BIG BUSH FAMILY. It is probably no coincidence that the Harriman and Bush families both have a history in Eugenics or race purification and Genetic Selective Breeding. They will propagate their own young on the planet because they can afford it, while sitting back and deciding which countries can have how many children per family.
Population control and mind control are the methods used by the new Fascist Roman Capitalistic Empire. Millions of people die around the world each year from debilitating diseases like cancer, AIDS, Leukemia and now flesh-eating strep and Ebola. Does the Rockefeller-run American Medical Association (AMA) do everything it can to insure that doctors know the truth about health and do the most to insure the safety of the patient ? NO !
Let's consider these facts. Herbs have been around forever, they grow naturally and they have been used for healing for centuries. Drugs are synthetic chemical reproductions sold by the large pharmaceutical corporations at highly inflated prices. Doctors receive less than 3 hours of instruction on nutrition, eating right and preventative medicine in their entire 4-6 years of training.
Luis Pasteur, shortly before he died, stated that he was possibly mistaken about his germ theory. He said that germs and viruses might be the result of the disease instead of the cause. The way this could be explained is that the body overloads on toxic build-up and produces symptoms of stress, then necessary bacteria or viruses move in to scavenge the toxins, creating an abundance of these in the system, and leaving a super toxic waste by-product behind, which the body has a difficult time expelling. Therefore the presence of the virus or high bacteria count is a result of the disease and not the cause. A couple of very important things to realize when considering this possibility are : 1. A person does not need to be exposed to another individual to come down with a cold. People living in small communities with no outside exposure can come down with colds and disease. 2. People with no disease can sleep with people and exchange bodily fluids with people with HIV and not be infected. Considering these facts further weakens the Germ Theory of Disease. If this information is true, then the introduction of prescription and pharmaceutical drugs would only serve to mask the symptoms of the problem and slowly destroy the immune system since these drugs are highly toxic.
There have been several cures for cancer and other diseases but these have been viciously suppressed by the establishment and pharmaceutical industry. Some of these include Raymond Rife and the Rife Microscope, Harry Hoxsey, Cancell, Essiac, and Ozone. The latest and most promising information so far comes from a woman named Dr. Hulda Clark. Her books and research have just been published this year. She states that the age-long problem and cause of diseases are parasites, Worms in particular. There is a worm, an intestinal fluke, which exists in most people throughout their lives. Generally, it is excreted by the body in the younger stages and does not grow into an adult in our bodies. But, something different happens when substances like Benzene and Propyl Alcohol are abundant in our body. These toxic chemicals are consumed in the form of carbonated sodas and extracts and they are absorbed into our skin in hair and body care products. The abundance of propyl Alcohols break down the shells of the eggs allowing them to hatch early.
The build-up of these toxic substances weakens the immunity of certain organs or areas of the body (Thyroid, Lymph, skin), allowing worms to grow in these areas. Dr. Clark has diagnosed hundreds of people with both Cancer and AIDS and found that all of them had both the worm present and the weakened immunity from one of these toxic sources. She was also successful curing all of them with the three herbs that are necessary to kill the worms. She does claim though that some people that are very close to death may be too far gone from the severe burden of over-toxicity. We will see how long it takes for the general public to find out about this. We have already spoken to people in different states that have used her methods successfully. Even if people do find out about things one way or another, the average person will not even know that people are finding out about something because the media will not televise it and tell people certain things.
The biggest people in the media are members of the Council on Foreign Relations and Trilateral Commission, both creations of Skull and Bones and David Rockefeller. The media is used to promote disinformation and propaganda. The only way you can think the media doesn't withhold information is if you don't know what is REALLY going on. Hitler said, in regard to propaganda and thought control, "The bigger the lie, the easier to believe". Sometimes it can be very difficult to discern the truth and find out what is really going on. Your heart will tell you one thing and your intellect another and usually we get caught up believing what we want to believe because it's too much trouble to see all the way through.
To one with an open mind, it would seem foolish to assume that we are alone in the universe. In contrast, to one with a closed mind and a probable lack of spirituality, it would appear that reality is made up only of what we see and feel physically. There is, at this time, a growing awareness on the planet that perhaps we are not alone. Millions of people around the world claim to have seen unidentified flying objects, flying disks, bright lights, and fast moving objects that reflect advanced technology, that we, most people claim, could not possess. Some people claim to have been abducted by GREY ALIENS and underwent childbearing and medical experiments only to have been returned somewhere unconscious with examination scars left behind. Thousands of cattle mutilations have occurred in remote areas sometimes followed by sightings of flying disks or bright lights and occasionally black helicopters. There has been a recent movie made about the crash and retrieval of a spaceship as well as bodies of several dead aliens in Roswell, New Mexico and it is suggested that the government might be covering up this entire situation for political or religious reasons. UFO researchers were a very small group in the 1950's and 60's, but recently in the 1980's and 90's there has been an enormous increase in interest on the subject.
I was personally first introduced to this information in 1987 through info put out by Bill Cooper a little while before the first printing of "Behold a Pale Horse". I was very curious about the subject and read everything of quality that I could find. There were less than 100 half-way decent books in print that you could find at the time. Today, there are probably over 500. I read the best books I could find by retired high ranking military officials, channeled material from Seth and The Ashtar Command, I learned about Billy Meier, Barbara Marciniak and the Pleadians material, Bob Lazaar, Area 51 and S-4 Dreamland in Las Vegas, listened to contactees discuss the Draco-Reptilian and Andromeda connection and watched Richard Hoagland bring out the "Face on Mars" info to the U.N. and the public.
If you take the sum total of the info that exists and put it into perspective, it would appear as though our race may have been seeded here by off-planet intelligences or that we were created as an intergalactic experiment, that huge 8-10 foot tall powerful Reptilian beings live at the core of the Earth, pilot advanced flying craft, read minds and plot to enslave mankind by using grey Zeta-Reticulans, who have no choice but to assist because their race is dying from genetic inbreeding and they need help and have no where else to go, and that they have the government under their control through genetic cloning and electronic implants. It has even been proposed that members of the government are related to these aliens. This may sound a little silly, but some people believe it might be true. The positive side to this double edged sword is that the Pleadians are supposedly here to save us along with another group called the Arcturians. They are supposedly here to assist us in our higher spiritual development and help us break out of our old 3rd dimensional physical reality into the 4th dimension or multi-dimensional reality. All we have to do to receive their help is give up nuclear weapons, turn our lives to god and learn to live in peace. Although these are good ideas they are easier said than done.
Probably the best book I have read on the subject came to me recently after years of entertaining the idea of this possible reality of Aliens, gov. cover-ups, and so forth, all the while learning about secret societies and other related info. The book is called "Space Aliens from the Pentagon" by William Lyne. While the former reality may seem to be a little out of this world, the info presented in this book is a lot more down to Earth. According to Mr. Lyne, the secret societies in America and abroad have harnessed a naturally occurring "Free Energy" and have possessed and suppressed this secret for at least 80-100 years. Many people have heard of Albert Einstein and his Theory of Relativity (E=MC2). Most would consider him a genius although it is known that he was a Grade School dropout. Around the same time lived a man named Nikola Tesla. He came to America in the early 1900's as a scientist and inventor. He was responsible for many great discoveries, but it is not mentioned in history very much. He was responsible for Radio, Television, Fluorescent and Neon lighting, Helicopters, Lasers, Particle Beams and Alternating Current. If you haven't heard of him you should at least wonder why. William Lyne is himself an inventor and scientist. Mr. Lyne claims that when Tesla came to America, he had under his arm blueprints for possibly the world's first FLYING SAUCER and it flew without the need for external energy. He intended to present it to the Geneva Convention as a proposed solution for world peace and energy liberation. He had theories of Magnetism and Anti-gravity as well as other forms of "Free Energy". The story goes that Einstein was working as a clerk at the Swiss Patent office at the time that Tesla was applying for his patents. Alternating Current was in the position of putting DC out of business, which meant that Edison and Westinghouse would suffer. J.P. Morgan, a Skull and Bones Banking Frontman, was financing Westinghouse and attempted to make arrangements to secure Tesla's patents through con deals and contracts.
He used Einstein's position at the patent office to rip off several of Tesla's patents and then told him outright that since it would be difficult to collect money on this "Free Energy", that it would not be used or promoted in society. Instead, Einstein's Theory of Relativity would prevail and Tesla's Dynamic Theory of Gravity would be suppressed. Today, it is impossible to locate some of Tesla's earlier patents. The Flying Saucer project was then moved out of the country to a secret joint German / American base near the South Pole called "Neu Shwabenland" or New Berlin, which was under the control of the Thule society, a secret society in Germany to which the SS belonged. Here, the crafts were perfected and outfitted with the latest technology and design. The Nazis created propaganda back home that Hitler was in touch with a Blond-haired, blue-eyed Aryan race of beings who communicated to him that he was chosen to lead the Germanic people. There was a resurgence of Occultism in Germany at this time. Hitler was into the occult and he was a master of propaganda. Remember, he stated "The bigger the lie, the easier to sell to the public", people believe what they want to believe After W.W.II, during Operation Paperclip, hundreds of Nazi intelligence officers were secretly brought to America and given positions in the OSS (Office of Strategic Services), the forerunner to the CIA, supposedly to gain information on the Russians, our new enemy. Along with the Nazis came the flying saucer project.
The project was brought to New Mexico, where it was worked on further. Soon there were several sightings by people of mysterious flying objects and bright flying balls of light. In 1944 and 45, there were newspaper reports about flying balls of light possibly being advanced Nazi aircraft. They were called FOO-FIGHTERS. Then a couple of years later, in 1947, there was supposedly a flying saucer crash in the desert of Roswell, New Mexico, with advanced technology and even bodies of aliens recovered. This was reported on the front page of the newspaper and then it was explained away as a weather balloon. Within a few years science fiction films started coming out like crazy. (The day the Earth Stood Still-about the threat of war and the necessity to make peace with ourselves and the aliens, and War of the Worlds-H.G. Wells, a British Intelligence Agent).
There was a time in America in the 1950's, when it was trendy to wear alien antennas on your head or a Hat shaped like a flying saucer. This was the beginning of the first wave of American propaganda. Then in the 1970's, we had Star Wars, Close Encounters, Hanger 18, and eventually E.T. T.V. movies like Alien Nation and "V" were shown to us and now Sightings, The X-files, and even Roswell the movie. There is a consistent theme that suggests the government is involved in a super high level cosmic Watergate cover-up.
William Lyne claims to have seen this entire drama evolve from a simple bungled crash recovery story to the elaborate present day theory mentioned before. He basically says that this is the biggest "Free Energy Cover-up" scam ever perpetrated against the people of the world. Millions and millions of dollars are poured into an elaborate propaganda complex of Authors, Ph.D.'s, Ret. Military Officials and self proclaimed "Channelers" to distribute books and videos on these ideas. They fund UFO expos, research groups like MUFON, and UFO magazines. He even claims that he was offered money by the CIA to write phony scripts about being abducted by grey Zeta-Reticulans. He claims to have many contacts himself, through his own family and relatives and friends from previous service in the Air Force, who have confirmed this info. He claims the UFO expos are filled with disinformation agents.
Here are a couple of things to consider : 1. If you wanted to expose the government or publish books or videos on UFOs or aliens then where do you get the money to do it ? Who has this kind of money lying around and is willing to invest it in these ventures ? There is new information appearing that Lawrence Rockefeller has been behind the private financing of groups to discuss the UFO issue and undoubtedly promote more propaganda and lies. 2. If this is the government's biggest cover-up then how come all of this info is coming out all at once all over the place ? 3. After Bill Lyne presented this info for the first time at the UFO expo in California and was a huge success, why was he asked not to return and told that he would be better suited at the Extraordinary Experiences Expo ?
There has been some speculation that the government maybe preparing to "inform" the public about the supposed alien presence and possibly even present a staged landing or invasion scenario. Either way we may soon see, depending on how carefully we are watching. If this is the kind of technology the government had 50 and 100 years ago, then 166 mhz pentium processors are probably a far cry from REAL present day capabilities.
One of the symbols for Roman Catholic Freemasonry is the Double Cross. It may appear on the Pope's headdress or on the advertisement for the American Lung Association or even in the EXXON sign. This may imply that we've been double-crossed. Is the Shell gas station symbol really a shell ? Or is it the SUN rising in the East ? The Panorama Mall in California uses an almost identical symbol and it is surely not a shell, but the SUNRISE. The flag of El Salvador and Nicaragua both are a symbol of the triangle or pyramid with the eye in the peak or capstone as well as the sun rising. The flag for Germany is the Masonic compass symbol. Look at the America On-line symbol. A Current Affair T.V series. The next time you are driving on the freeway and you see an exit sign with gas station displays that offer you a choice between Citgo or Shell, ask yourself whether you are really looking at a pyramid and a sun rising in the east.
And now, back to the most popular conspiracy question : Who did kill JFK ? If you still think it was Lee Harvey Oswald and you believe the lone assassin theory or if you are stuck in a cave somewhere building a wheel that is shaped like a square then consider these important historical facts : The assassination took place in Dealey Plaza, site of the first Masonic temple in Dallas. Dallas is located just south of the 33rd degree of latitude. The 33rd degree is the highest degree one can achieve in Freemasonry. Shakespeare's MacBeth is a "Killing of the King" drama. MacBeth, who killed his King in accordance with a witch's plot and was himself later killed, parallels the JFK assassination and the sequence of Oswald being killed by Ruby. "Mason Road" in Texas, connects to the "Mason No El Bar" and the Texas / New Mexico "Land of Enchantment" border. This connecting line is on the 32nd degree.
When the 32nd degree line of latitude is traced west into the "Land of Enchantment", it becomes situated midway between Deming and Columbus. Slightly to the north of the town of Columbus are the "Tres Hermanas" (Three Sisters) mountains. The Three Sisters are found approx. 32 miles between Deming and Columbus and are a minute and some seconds south of the 32nd degree line. When this line is traced further to the west, it passes the ghost town of Shakespeare at a distance south of the town that is roughly equivalent to the distance which the 32nd degree line passes north of the three sisters mountains. Both Shakespeare and the three sisters relate to MacBeth. When this 32nd degree line is traced some distance further west, into Arizona, it crosses an old trail which meanders north of a ghost town, which was once the town of Ruby. The trail itself was called Ruby Road. Ruby Road twists north into the area of 2 mountain peaks known as Kennedy and Johnson Mountains. The New Orleans CIA (who provided security) station's headquarters were in a Masonic temple. And last but not least, Mason Lyndon Johnson appointed Mason Earl Warren to investigate Kennedy's death. 33rd degree Mason, Gerald Ford was instrumental in suppressing what little evidence of a conspiratorial nature reached the commission. Responsible for supplying information to the commission was 33rd degree Mason J. Edgar Hoover and former CIA director and Mason Allen Dulles was responsible for most of his Agency's information to the panel. There IS NO need to wonder whether there is a conspiracy going on, the fact is AMERICA IS ONE BIG LIVING CONSPIRACY.
The 2000 year old Reich of the NEW WORLD ORDER is HERE and NOW. We are about to start 1996. The more that this sort of information gets out to the public, the faster the crackdown and grab for power becomes. The government is not as dumb as most people believe, it only appears to be on the surface. How many more police do we need ? The Fraternal Order of Police is a Masonic Order. You will understand this the next time they put you through the 3rd DEGREE, and offer you 3 SQUARE meals a day. How much more power do we want to give them ? Current Gun Control Legislation is taken almost word for word from gun control laws passed in Nazi Germany under Adolph Hitler. There have been many Executive Orders and Public Laws passed giving tremendous powers to the president to declare National Emergencies, suspend the Constitution, and round up large groups of people, and the power to use converted and shut down MILITARY BASES AS LABOR BOOT CAMPS ( CONCENTRATION CAMPS), has been handed to the Pentagon. This will be sold to us as immigration control, drug trafficker punishment and so forth.
In Europe today, the National I.D. Card (Smartcard) has already been issued. In Singapore, you are required to carry it by law. It will soon arrive in America and it will be pushed using Health-Care reform or Immigration Control as a means to sell it to the public. This card will store all of the necessary information on you and more.
There was a particular type of wood that magicians used to make their wands from. It was the wood from the Holly plant. Hollywood today is where the Mason Magicians of the silver screen wave their hypnotic magic wands over our eyes and fool us with ILLUSIONS. If you remember the T.V. series "Get Smart", there were the bad guys called CHAOS and the good guys called CONTROL. GET SMART .by Two-Time Congressional Medal of Honor Recipient: Major General Smedley D. Butler, USMC [Retired]

Chapter One
WAR IS A RACKET
WAR is a racket. It always has been.
It is possibly the oldest, easily the most profitable, surely the most vicious. It is the only one international in scope. It is the only one in which the profits are reckoned in dollars and the losses in lives.
A racket is best described, I believe, as something that is not what it seems to the majority of the people. Only a small "inside" group knows what it is about. It is conducted for the benefit of the very few, at the expense of the very many. Out of war a few people make huge fortunes.In the World War [I] a mere handful garnered the profits of the conflict. At least 21,000 new millionaires and billionaires were made in the United States during the World War. That many admitted their huge blood gains in their income tax returns. How many other war millionaires falsified their tax returns no one knows.
How many of these war millionaires shouldered a rifle? How many of them dug a trench? How many of them knew what it meant to go hungry in a rat-infested dug-out? How many of them spent sleepless, frightened nights, ducking shells and shrapnel and machine gun bullets? How many of them parried a bayonet thrust of an enemy? How many of them were wounded or killed in battle?Out of war nations acquire additional territory, if they are victorious. They just take it. This newly acquired territory promptly is exploited by the few � the selfsame few who wrung dollars out of blood in the war. The general public shoulders the bill.
And what is this bill?This bill renders a horrible accounting. Newly placed gravestones. Mangled bodies. Shattered minds. Broken hearts and homes. Economic instability. Depression and all its attendant miseries. Back-breaking taxation for generations and generations.
For a great many years, as a soldier, I had a suspicion that war was a racket; not until I retired to civil life did I fully realize it. Now that I see the international war clouds gathering, as they are today, I must face it and speak out.Again they are choosing sides. France and Russia met and agreed to stand side by side. Italy and Austria hurried to make a similar agreement. Poland and Germany cast sheep's eyes at each other, forgetting for the nonce [one unique occasion], their dispute over the Polish Corridor.
The assassination of King Alexander of Jugoslavia [Yugoslavia] complicated matters. Jugoslavia and Hungary, long bitter enemies, were almost at each other's throats. Italy was ready to jump in. But France was waiting. So was Czechoslovakia. All of them are looking ahead to war. Not the people � not those who fight and pay and die � only those who foment wars and remain safely at home to profit.There are 40,000,000 men under arms in the world today, and our statesmen and diplomats have the temerity to say that war is not in the making.
Hell's bells! Are these 40,000,000 men being trained to be dancers?Not in Italy, to be sure. Premier Mussolini knows what they are being trained for. He, at least, is frank enough to speak out. Only the other day, Il Duce in "International Conciliation," the publication of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, said:
"And above all, Fascism, the more it considers and observes the future and the development of humanity quite apart from political considerations of the moment, believes neither in the possibility nor the utility of perpetual peace... War alone brings up to its highest tension all human energy and puts the stamp of nobility upon the people who have the courage to meet it."Undoubtedly Mussolini means exactly what he says. His well-trained army, his great fleet of planes, and even his navy are ready for war � anxious for it, apparently. His recent stand at the side of Hungary in the latter's dispute with Jugoslavia showed that. And the hurried mobilization of his troops on the Austrian border after the assassination of Dollfuss showed it too. There are others in Europe too whose sabre rattling presages war, sooner or later.
Herr Hitler, with his rearming Germany and his constant demands for more and more arms, is an equal if not greater menace to peace. France only recently increased the term of military service for its youth from a year to eighteen months.Yes, all over, nations are camping in their arms. The mad dogs of Europe are on the loose. In the Orient the maneuvering is more adroit. Back in 1904, when Russia and Japan fought, we kicked out our old friends the Russians and backed Japan. Then our very generous international bankers were financing Japan. Now the trend is to poison us against the Japanese. What does the "open door" policy to China mean to us? Our trade with China is about $90,000,000 a year. Or the Philippine Islands? We have spent about $600,000,000 in the Philippines in thirty-five years and we (our bankers and industrialists and speculators) have private investments there of less than $200,000,000.
Then, to save that China trade of about $90,000,000, or to protect these private investments of less than $200,000,000 in the Philippines, we would be all stirred up to hate Japan and go to war � a war that might well cost us tens of billions of dollars, hundreds of thousands of lives of Americans, and many more hundreds of thousands of physically maimed and mentally unbalanced men.Of course, for this loss, there would be a compensating profit � fortunes would be made. Millions and billions of dollars would be piled up. By a few. Munitions makers. Bankers. Ship builders. Manufacturers. Meat packers. Speculators. They would fare well.
Yes, they are getting ready for another war. Why shouldn't they? It pays high dividends.But what does it profit the men who are killed? What does it profit their mothers and sisters, their wives and their sweethearts? What does it profit their children?
What does it profit anyone except the very few to whom war means huge profits?Yes, and what does it profit the nation?
Take our own case. Until 1898 we didn't own a bit of territory outside the mainland of North America. At that time our national debt was a little more than $1,000,000,000. Then we became "internationally minded." We forgot, or shunted aside, the advice of the Father of our country. We forgot George Washington's warning about "entangling alliances." We went to war. We acquired outside territory. At the end of the World War period, as a direct result of our fiddling in international affairs, our national debt had jumped to over $25,000,000,000. Our total favorable trade balance during the twenty-five-year period was about $24,000,000,000. Therefore, on a purely bookkeeping basis, we ran a little behind year for year, and that foreign trade might well have been ours without the wars.It would have been far cheaper (not to say safer) for the average American who pays the bills to stay out of foreign entanglements. For a very few this racket, like bootlegging and other underworld rackets, brings fancy profits, but the cost of operations is always transferred to the people � who do not profit.
�CHAPTER TWO
WHO MAKES THE PROFITS?
The World War, rather our brief participation in it, has cost the United States some $52,000,000,000. Figure it out. That means $400 to every American man, woman, and child. And we haven't paid the debt yet. We are paying it, our children will pay it, and our children's children probably still will be paying the cost of that war.
The normal profits of a business concern in the United States are six, eight, ten, and sometimes twelve percent. But war-time profits � ah! that is another matter � twenty, sixty, one hundred, three hundred, and even eighteen hundred per cent � the sky is the limit. All that traffic will bear. Uncle Sam has the money. Let's get it.
Of course, it isn't put that crudely in war time. It is dressed into speeches about patriotism, love of country, and "we must all put our shoulders to the wheel," but the profits jump and leap and skyrocket � and are safely pocketed. Let's just take a few examples:Take our friends the du Ponts, the powder people � didn't one of them testify before a Senate committee recently that their powder won the war? Or saved the world for democracy? Or something? How did they do in the war? They were a patriotic corporation. Well, the average earnings of the du Ponts for the period 1910 to 1914 were $6,000,000 a year. It wasn't much, but the du Ponts managed to get along on it. Now let's look at their average yearly profit during the war years, 1914 to 1918. Fifty-eight million dollars a year profit we find! Nearly ten times that of normal times, and the profits of normal times were pretty good. An increase in profits of more than 950 per cent.
Take one of our little steel companies that patriotically shunted aside the making of rails and girders and bridges to manufacture war materials. Well, their 1910-1914 yearly earnings averaged $6,000,000. Then came the war. And, like loyal citizens, Bethlehem Steel promptly turned to munitions making. Did their profits jump � or did they let Uncle Sam in for a bargain? Well, their 1914-1918 average was $49,000,000 a year!Or, let's take United States Steel. The normal earnings during the five-year period prior to the war were $105,000,000 a year. Not bad. Then along came the war and up went the profits. The average yearly profit for the period 1914-1918 was $240,000,000. Not bad.
There you have some of the steel and powder earnings. Let's look at something else. A little copper, perhaps. That always does well in war times.Anaconda, for instance. Average yearly earnings during the pre-war years 1910-1914 of $10,000,000. During the war years 1914-1918 profits leaped to $34,000,000 per year.
Or Utah Copper. Average of $5,000,000 per year during the 1910-1914 period. Jumped to an average of $21,000,000 yearly profits for the war period.Let's group these five, with three smaller companies. The total yearly average profits of the pre-war period 1910-1914 were $137,480,000. Then along came the war. The average yearly profits for this group skyrocketed to $408,300,000.
A little increase in profits of approximately 200 per cent.Does war pay? It paid them. But they aren't the only ones. There are still others. Let's take leather.
For the three-year period before the war the total profits of Central Leather Company were $3,500,000. That was approximately $1,167,000 a year. Well, in 1916 Central Leather returned a profit of $15,000,000, a small increase of 1,100 per cent. That's all. The General Chemical Company averaged a profit for the three years before the war of a little over $800,000 a year. Came the war, and the profits jumped to $12,000,000. a leap of 1,400 per cent.International Nickel Company � and you can't have a war without nickel � showed an increase in profits from a mere average of $4,000,000 a year to $73,000,000 yearly. Not bad? An increase of more than 1,700 per cent.
American Sugar Refining Company averaged $2,000,000 a year for the three years before the war. In 1916 a profit of $6,000,000 was recorded.Listen to Senate Document No. 259. The Sixty-Fifth Congress, reporting on corporate earnings and government revenues. Considering the profits of 122 meat packers, 153 cotton manufacturers, 299 garment makers, 49 steel plants, and 340 coal producers during the war. Profits under 25 per cent were exceptional. For instance the coal companies made between 100 per cent and 7,856 per cent on their capital stock during the war. The Chicago packers doubled and tripled their earnings.
And let us not forget the bankers who financed the great war. If anyone had the cream of the profits it was the bankers. Being partnerships rather than incorporated organizations, they do not have to report to stockholders. And their profits were as secret as they were immense. How the bankers made their millions and their billions I do not know, because those little secrets never become public � even before a Senate investigatory body.But here's how some of the other patriotic industrialists and speculators chiseled their way into war profits.
Take the shoe people. They like war. It brings business with abnormal profits. They made huge profits on sales abroad to our allies. Perhaps, like the munitions manufacturers and armament makers, they also sold to the enemy. For a dollar is a dollar whether it comes from Germany or from France. But they did well by Uncle Sam too. For instance, they sold Uncle Sam 35,000,000 pairs of hobnailed service shoes. There were 4,000,000 soldiers. Eight pairs, and more, to a soldier. My regiment during the war had only one pair to a soldier. Some of these shoes probably are still in existence. They were good shoes. But when the war was over Uncle Sam has a matter of 25,000,000 pairs left over. Bought � and paid for. Profits recorded and pocketed.There was still lots of leather left. So the leather people sold your Uncle Sam hundreds of thousands of McClellan saddles for the cavalry. But there wasn't any American cavalry overseas! Somebody had to get rid of this leather, however. Somebody had to make a profit in it � so we had a lot of McClellan saddles. And we probably have those yet.
Also somebody had a lot of mosquito netting. They sold your Uncle Sam 20,000,000 mosquito nets for the use of the soldiers overseas. I suppose the boys were expected to put it over them as they tried to sleep in muddy trenches � one hand scratching cooties on their backs and the other making passes at scurrying rats. Well, not one of these mosquito nets ever got to France!Anyhow, these thoughtful manufacturers wanted to make sure that no soldier would be without his mosquito net, so 40,000,000 additional yards of mosquito netting were sold to Uncle Sam.
There were pretty good profits in mosquito netting in those days, even if there were no mosquitoes in France. I suppose, if the war had lasted just a little longer, the enterprising mosquito netting manufacturers would have sold your Uncle Sam a couple of consignments of mosquitoes to plant in France so that more mosquito netting would be in order.Airplane and engine manufacturers felt they, too, should get their just profits out of this war. Why not? Everybody else was getting theirs. So $1,000,000,000 � count them if you live long enough � was spent by Uncle Sam in building airplane engines that never left the ground! Not one plane, or motor, out of the billion dollars worth ordered, ever got into a battle in France. Just the same the manufacturers made their little profit of 30, 100, or perhaps 300 per cent.
Undershirts for soldiers cost 14� [cents] to make and uncle Sam paid 30� to 40� each for them � a nice little profit for the undershirt manufacturer. And the stocking manufacturer and the uniform manufacturers and the cap manufacturers and the steel helmet manufacturers � all got theirs.Why, when the war was over some 4,000,000 sets of equipment � knapsacks and the things that go to fill them � crammed warehouses on this side. Now they are being scrapped because the regulations have changed the contents. But the manufacturers collected their wartime profits on them � and they will do it all over again the next time.
There were lots of brilliant ideas for profit making during the war.One very versatile patriot sold Uncle Sam twelve dozen 48-inch wrenches. Oh, they were very nice wrenches. The only trouble was that there was only one nut ever made that was large enough for these wrenches. That is the one that holds the turbines at Niagara Falls. Well, after Uncle Sam had bought them and the manufacturer had pocketed the profit, the wrenches were put on freight cars and shunted all around the United States in an effort to find a use for them. When the Armistice was signed it was indeed a sad blow to the wrench manufacturer. He was just about to make some nuts to fit the wrenches. Then he planned to sell these, too, to your Uncle Sam.
Still another had the brilliant idea that colonels shouldn't ride in automobiles, nor should they even ride on horseback. One has probably seen a picture of Andy Jackson riding in a buckboard. Well, some 6,000 buckboards were sold to Uncle Sam for the use of colonels! Not one of them was used. But the buckboard manufacturer got his war profit.The shipbuilders felt they should come in on some of it, too. They built a lot of ships that made a lot of profit. More than $3,000,000,000 worth. Some of the ships were all right. But $635,000,000 worth of them were made of wood and wouldn't float! The seams opened up � and they sank. We paid for them, though. And somebody pocketed the profits.
It has been estimated by statisticians and economists and researchers that the war cost your Uncle Sam $52,000,000,000. Of this sum, $39,000,000,000 was expended in the actual war itself. This expenditure yielded $16,000,000,000 in profits. That is how the 21,000 billionaires and millionaires got that way. This $16,000,000,000 profits is not to be sneezed at. It is quite a tidy sum. And it went to a very few.The Senate (Nye) committee probe of the munitions industry and its wartime profits, despite its sensational disclosures, hardly has scratched the surface.
Even so, it has had some effect. The State Department has been studying "for some time" methods of keeping out of war. The War Department suddenly decides it has a wonderful plan to spring. The Administration names a committee � with the War and Navy Departments ably represented under the chairmanship of a Wall Street speculator � to limit profits in war time. To what extent isn't suggested. Hmmm. Possibly the profits of 300 and 600 and 1,600 per cent of those who turned blood into gold in the World War would be limited to some smaller figure.Apparently, however, the plan does not call for any limitation of losses � that is, the losses of those who fight the war. As far as I have been able to ascertain there is nothing in the scheme to limit a soldier to the loss of but one eye, or one arm, or to limit his wounds to one or two or three. Or to limit the loss of life.
There is nothing in this scheme, apparently, that says not more than 12 per cent of a regiment shall be wounded in battle, or that not more than 7 per cent in a division shall be killed.Of course, the committee cannot be bothered with such trifling matters.
�CHAPTER THREE
WHO PAYS THE BILLS?
Who provides the profits � these nice little profits of 20, 100, 300, 1,500 and 1,800 per cent? We all pay them � in taxation. We paid the bankers their profits when we bought Liberty Bonds at $100.00 and sold them back at $84 or $86 to the bankers. These bankers collected $100 plus. It was a simple manipulation. The bankers control the security marts. It was easy for them to depress the price of these bonds. Then all of us � the people � got frightened and sold the bonds at $84 or $86. The bankers bought them. Then these same bankers stimulated a boom and government bonds went to par � and above. Then the bankers collected their profits.
But the soldier pays the biggest part of the bill.
If you don't believe this, visit the American cemeteries on the battlefields abroad. Or visit any of the veteran's hospitals in the United States. On a tour of the country, in the midst of which I am at the time of this writing, I have visited eighteen government hospitals for veterans. In them are a total of about 50,000 destroyed men � men who were the pick of the nation eighteen years ago. The very able chief surgeon at the government hospital; at Milwaukee, where there are 3,800 of the living dead, told me that mortality among veterans is three times as great as among those who stayed at home.Boys with a normal viewpoint were taken out of the fields and offices and factories and classrooms and put into the ranks. There they were remolded; they were made over; they were made to "about face"; to regard murder as the order of the day. They were put shoulder to shoulder and, through mass psychology, they were entirely changed. We used them for a couple of years and trained them to think nothing at all of killing or of being killed.
Then, suddenly, we discharged them and told them to make another "about face" ! This time they had to do their own readjustment, sans [without] mass psychology, sans officers' aid and advice and sans nation-wide propaganda. We didn't need them any more. So we scattered them about without any "three-minute" or "Liberty Loan" speeches or parades. Many, too many, of these fine young boys are eventually destroyed, mentally, because they could not make that final "about face" alone.In the government hospital in Marion, Indiana, 1,800 of these boys are in pens! Five hundred of them in a barracks with steel bars and wires all around outside the buildings and on the porches. These already have been mentally destroyed. These boys don't even look like human beings. Oh, the looks on their faces! Physically, they are in good shape; mentally, they are gone.
There are thousands and thousands of these cases, and more and more are coming in all the time. The tremendous excitement of the war, the sudden cutting off of that excitement � the young boys couldn't stand it.That's a part of the bill. So much for the dead � they have paid their part of the war profits. So much for the mentally and physically wounded � they are paying now their share of the war profits. But the others paid, too � they paid with heartbreaks when they tore themselves away from their firesides and their families to don the uniform of Uncle Sam � on which a profit had been made. They paid another part in the training camps where they were regimented and drilled while others took their jobs and their places in the lives of their communities. The paid for it in the trenches where they shot and were shot; where they were hungry for days at a time; where they slept in the mud and the cold and in the rain � with the moans and shrieks of the dying for a horrible lullaby.
But don't forget � the soldier paid part of the dollars and cents bill too.Up to and including the Spanish-American War, we had a prize system, and soldiers and sailors fought for money. During the Civil War they were paid bonuses, in many instances, before they went into service. The government, or states, paid as high as $1,200 for an enlistment. In the Spanish-American War they gave prize money. When we captured any vessels, the soldiers all got their share � at least, they were supposed to. Then it was found that we could reduce the cost of wars by taking all the prize money and keeping it, but conscripting [drafting] the soldier anyway. Then soldiers couldn't bargain for their labor, Everyone else could bargain, but the soldier couldn't.
Napoleon once said,"All men are enamored of decorations...they positively hunger for them."
So by developing the Napoleonic system � the medal business � the government learned it could get soldiers for less money, because the boys liked to be decorated. Until the Civil War there were no medals. Then the Congressional Medal of Honor was handed out. It made enlistments easier. After the Civil War no new medals were issued until the Spanish-American War.In the World War, we used propaganda to make the boys accept conscription. They were made to feel ashamed if they didn't join the army.
So vicious was this war propaganda that even God was brought into it. With few exceptions our clergymen joined in the clamor to kill, kill, kill. To kill the Germans. God is on our side...it is His will that the Germans be killed.And in Germany, the good pastors called upon the Germans to kill the allies...to please the same God. That was a part of the general propaganda, built up to make people war conscious and murder conscious.
Beautiful ideals were painted for our boys who were sent out to die. This was the "war to end all wars." This was the "war to make the world safe for democracy." No one mentioned to them, as they marched away, that their going and their dying would mean huge war profits. No one told these American soldiers that they might be shot down by bullets made by their own brothers here. No one told them that the ships on which they were going to cross might be torpedoed by submarines built with United States patents. They were just told it was to be a "glorious adventure."Thus, having stuffed patriotism down their throats, it was decided to make them help pay for the war, too. So, we gave them the large salary of $30 a month.
All they had to do for this munificent sum was to leave their dear ones behind, give up their jobs, lie in swampy trenches, eat canned willy (when they could get it) and kill and kill and kill...and be killed.But wait!
Half of that wage (just a little more than a riveter in a shipyard or a laborer in a munitions factory safe at home made in a day) was promptly taken from him to support his dependents, so that they would not become a charge upon his community. Then we made him pay what amounted to accident insurance � something the employer pays for in an enlightened state � and that cost him $6 a month. He had less than $9 a month left.Then, the most crowning insolence of all � he was virtually blackjacked into paying for his own ammunition, clothing, and food by being made to buy Liberty Bonds. Most soldiers got no money at all on pay days.
We made them buy Liberty Bonds at $100 and then we bought them back � when they came back from the war and couldn't find work � at $84 and $86. And the soldiers bought about $2,000,000,000 worth of these bonds!Yes, the soldier pays the greater part of the bill. His family pays too. They pay it in the same heart-break that he does. As he suffers, they suffer. At nights, as he lay in the trenches and watched shrapnel burst about him, they lay home in their beds and tossed sleeplessly � his father, his mother, his wife, his sisters, his brothers, his sons, and his daughters.
When he returned home minus an eye, or minus a leg or with his mind broken, they suffered too � as much as and even sometimes more than he. Yes, and they, too, contributed their dollars to the profits of the munitions makers and bankers and shipbuilders and the manufacturers and the speculators made. They, too, bought Liberty Bonds and contributed to the profit of the bankers after the Armistice in the hocus-pocus of manipulated Liberty Bond prices.And even now the families of the wounded men and of the mentally broken and those who never were able to readjust themselves are still suffering and still paying.
�CHAPTER FOUR
HOW TO SMASH THIS RACKET!
WELL, it's a racket, all right.
A few profit � and the many pay. But there is a way to stop it. You can't end it by disarmament conferences. You can't eliminate it by peace parleys at Geneva. Well-meaning but impractical groups can't wipe it out by resolutions. It can be smashed effectively only by taking the profit out of war.
The only way to smash this racket is to conscript capital and industry and labor before the nations manhood can be conscripted. One month before the Government can conscript the young men of the nation � it must conscript capital and industry and labor. Let the officers and the directors and the high-powered executives of our armament factories and our munitions makers and our shipbuilders and our airplane builders and the manufacturers of all the other things that provide profit in war time as well as the bankers and the speculators, be conscripted � to get $30 a month, the same wage as the lads in the trenches get.Let the workers in these plants get the same wages � all the workers, all presidents, all executives, all directors, all managers, all bankers �
yes, and all generals and all admirals and all officers and all politicians and all government office holders � everyone in the nation be restricted to a total monthly income not to exceed that paid to the soldier in the trenches!Let all these kings and tycoons and masters of business and all those workers in industry and all our senators and governors and majors pay half of their monthly $30 wage to their families and pay war risk insurance and buy Liberty Bonds.
Why shouldn't they?They aren't running any risk of being killed or of having their bodies mangled or their minds shattered. They aren't sleeping in muddy trenches. They aren't hungry. The soldiers are!
Give capital and industry and labor thirty days to think it over and you will find, by that time, there will be no war. That will smash the war racket � that and nothing else.Maybe I am a little too optimistic. Capital still has some say. So capital won't permit the taking of the profit out of war until the people � those who do the suffering and still pay the price � make up their minds that those they elect to office shall do their bidding, and not that of the profiteers.
Another step necessary in this fight to smash the war racket is the limited plebiscite to determine whether a war should be declared. A plebiscite not of all the voters but merely of those who would be called upon to do the fighting and dying. There wouldn't be very much sense in having a 76-year-old president of a munitions factory or the flat-footed head of an international banking firm or the cross-eyed manager of a uniform manufacturing plant � all of whom see visions of tremendous profits in the event of war � voting on whether the nation should go to war or not. They never would be called upon to shoulder arms � to sleep in a trench and to be shot. Only those who would be called upon to risk their lives for their country should have the privilege of voting to determine whether the nation should go to war.There is ample precedent for restricting the voting to those affected. Many of our states have restrictions on those permitted to vote. In most, it is necessary to be able to read and write before you may vote. In some, you must own property. It would be a simple matter each year for the men coming of military age to register in their communities as they did in the draft during the World War and be examined physically. Those who could pass and who would therefore be called upon to bear arms in the event of war would be eligible to vote in a limited plebiscite. They should be the ones to have the power to decide � and not a Congress few of whose members are within the age limit and fewer still of whom are in physical condition to bear arms. Only those who must suffer should have the right to vote.
A third step in this business of smashing the war racket is to make certain that our military forces are truly forces for defense only.At each session of Congress the question of further naval appropriations comes up. The swivel-chair admirals of Washington (and there are always a lot of them) are very adroit lobbyists. And they are smart. They don't shout that "We need a lot of battleships to war on this nation or that nation." Oh no. First of all, they let it be known that America is menaced by a great naval power. Almost any day, these admirals will tell you, the great fleet of this supposed enemy will strike suddenly and annihilate 125,000,000 people. Just like that. Then they begin to cry for a larger navy. For what? To fight the enemy? Oh my, no. Oh, no. For defense purposes only.
Then, incidentally, they announce maneuvers in the Pacific. For defense. Uh, huh.The Pacific is a great big ocean. We have a tremendous coastline on the Pacific. Will the maneuvers be off the coast, two or three hundred miles? Oh, no. The maneuvers will be two thousand, yes, perhaps even thirty-five hundred miles, off the coast.
The Japanese, a proud people, of course will be pleased beyond expression to see the united States fleet so close to Nippon's shores. Even as pleased as would be the residents of California were they to dimly discern through the morning mist, the Japanese fleet playing at war games off Los Angeles.The ships of our navy, it can be seen, should be specifically limited, by law, to within 200 miles of our coastline. Had that been the law in 1898 the Maine would never have gone to Havana Harbor. She never would have been blown up. There would have been no war with Spain with its attendant loss of life. Two hundred miles is ample, in the opinion of experts, for defense purposes. Our nation cannot start an offensive war if its ships can't go further than 200 miles from the coastline. Planes might be permitted to go as far as 500 miles from the coast for purposes of reconnaissance. And the army should never leave the territorial limits of our nation.
To summarize: Three steps must be taken to smash the war racket.We must take the profit out of war.
We must permit the youth of the land who would bear arms to decide whether or not there should be war.We must limit our military forces to home defense purposes.
�CHAPTER FIVE
TO HELL WITH WAR!
I am not a fool as to believe that war is a thing of the past. I know the people do not want war, but there is no use in saying we cannot be pushed into another war.
Looking back, Woodrow Wilson was re-elected president in 1916 on a platform that he had "kept us out of war" and on the implied promise that he would "keep us out of war." Yet, five months later he asked Congress to declare war on Germany.
In that five-month interval the people had not been asked whether they had changed their minds. The 4,000,000 young men who put on uniforms and marched or sailed away were not asked whether they wanted to go forth to suffer and die.Then what caused our government to change its mind so suddenly?
Money.An allied commission, it may be recalled, came over shortly before the war declaration and called on the President. The President summoned a group of advisers. The head of the commission spoke. Stripped of its diplomatic language, this is what he told the President and his group:
�"There is no use kidding ourselves any longer. The cause of the allies is lost. We now owe you (American bankers, American munitions makers, American manufacturers, American speculators, American exporters) five or six billion dollars.
If we lose (and without the help of the United States we must lose) we, England, France and Italy, cannot pay back this money...and Germany won't.So..."
Had secrecy been outlawed as far as war negotiations were concerned, and had the press been invited to be present at that conference, or had radio been available to broadcast the proceedings, America never would have entered the World War. But this conference, like all war discussions, was shrouded in utmost secrecy. When our boys were sent off to war they were told it was a "war to make the world safe for democracy" and a "war to end all wars."Well, eighteen years after, the world has less of democracy than it had then. Besides, what business is it of ours whether Russia or Germany or England or France or Italy or Austria live under democracies or monarchies? Whether they are Fascists or Communists? Our problem is to preserve our own democracy.
And very little, if anything, has been accomplished to assure us that the World War was really the war to end all wars.Yes, we have had disarmament conferences and limitations of arms conferences. They don't mean a thing. One has just failed; the results of another have been nullified. We send our professional soldiers and our sailors and our politicians and our diplomats to these conferences. And what happens?
The professional soldiers and sailors don't want to disarm. No admiral wants to be without a ship. No general wants to be without a command. Both mean men without jobs. They are not for disarmament. They cannot be for limitations of arms. And at all these conferences, lurking in the background but all-powerful, just the same, are the sinister agents of those who profit by war. They see to it that these conferences do not disarm or seriously limit armaments.The chief aim of any power at any of these conferences has not been to achieve disarmament to prevent war but rather to get more armament for itself and less for any potential foe.
There is only one way to disarm with any semblance of practicability. That is for all nations to get together and scrap every ship, every gun, every rifle, every tank, every war plane. Even this, if it were possible, would not be enough.The next war, according to experts, will be fought not with battleships, not by artillery, not with rifles and not with machine guns. It will be fought with deadly chemicals and gases.
Secretly each nation is studying and perfecting newer and ghastlier means of annihilating its foes wholesale. Yes, ships will continue to be built, for the shipbuilders must make their profits. And guns still will be manufactured and powder and rifles will be made, for the munitions makers must make their huge profits. And the soldiers, of course, must wear uniforms, for the manufacturer must make their war profits too.But victory or defeat will be determined by the skill and ingenuity of our scientists.
If we put them to work making poison gas and more and more fiendish mechanical and explosive instruments of destruction, they will have no time for the constructive job of building greater prosperity for all peoples. By putting them to this useful job, we can all make more money out of peace than we can out of war � even the munitions makers.So...I say,
TO HELL WITH WAR! It you enjoyed 'War Is A Racket' you should also read 'THE WAR PRAYER' by Mark Twain. LEARN YOUR CONSTITUTION IF YOU WANT THE REPUBLIC TO SURVIVE. YOUR NEXT MISSION - SHOULD YOU CHOOSE TO ACCEPT IT: Now that you have read 'War Is A Racket' please accept this challenge - Cut and paste this address http://www.WarIsARacket.com and email it to 12 friends with an urgent request that they read it and send it to 12 of their friends. 12 to the eighth power = 429,981,696 which is more than the total US population. Repeat as necessary. Also remind them to read the Constitution again and again until they understand who should be Impeached and Removed, and who should be replaced in the next election cycle. Don't vote for anyone who doesn't uphold their Oath to the Constitution. Remind all your elected servants that they are bound by the Government Code of Ethics. You can copy this entire page into an email if you like. It is helpful if your email service supports html so your friends can go directly to all the links.This list also contains items containted in the British Government Warehouse,
the Vatican Warehouse, and the Soviet Government Warehouse
POSSIBLE LOCATIONS OF THE WAREHOUSE:
A fish processing/packaging plant in the warehouse district of a large
American city
A U.S. Government surplus cheese warehouse
Two World Trade Center
SIGN ON THE DOOR:
U.S. Government Warehouse #137-B
E. Presley & J. Morrison, Propietors.
W. Casey & J.E. Hoover, Curators
THE CONTENTS:
(AMERICAN WING)
Ark of the Covenant
100 MPG Carburetor
3 Martian War Machines
Parts of a cut up UFO from "My Science Project"
Smashed pieces of the time gizmo from "The Philedelphia Experiment"
Engine that runs on tap water
A whole bunch of perpetual motion devices.
The dead aliens from a crippled UFO the gov't captured.
Several Elvis clones awaiting activation (might be ElvisDroids).
Hundred of huge crates marked with the name Craig Shergold (containing
Business cards and getwell cards by the million).
H.G. Wells' working time machine from "Time After Time"
The UFO that purportedly crashed in the early '50s in New Mexico
Evidence providing the TRUE story of the Kennedy assassination
Judge Crater
What's left of Flight 19
All of the oddball geological findings that never seem to get
displayed in museums, including:
The lump of coal with a spark plug in it
The piece of sandstone containing human footprints
The dinosaur skull with a bullet hole in it
A lead-into-gold device
A small prototype nuclear fusion plant
the Ghostbusters' proton packs
Excalibur
The steel that the T1000 fell into
Microscope slide labelled "Turin Shroud section No. 325", with piece
of material reading "Made In Korea" in tiny letters
Thunderbird 9
The Wild Card virus (Xenovirus Takis-A)
The contents of a house previously owned by the Adams family
The contents of a house previously owned by the Munster family
An formula/equation that allows for the creation of negative-life energy
A large canvas parchment detailing the location of irregularities in the
time/space continuum
A collection of psychological reports detailing various conditions
including: acute paranoia, acute schizophenia, profound catatonia,
various phobias, et.al. All the patients have at one time or another
analyzed the Necronomicon
A copy of "Radioactive Man", issue #1
A collection of coronary reports detailing various suicides and
particularly violent and/or gory unsolved homicides. All the victims
had at one time or another analyzed the Necronomicon
A statue of a monster of vaguely humanoid outline, but with an octopuslike
head whose face is a mass of tentacles, a scaly, rubbery-looking body,
claws on its hind and fore feet, and long, narrow wings
An authorization for the assassination of Norma Jean Baker. It is signed
by President John F. Kennedy and is dated 4 August 1962
A gun recovered from a grassy knoll in Dallas, Texas by CIA agents on
22 November 1963
Several test tubes filled with swine flu
A scabbard which prevents its wearer from being cut and will keep anyone
alive, no matter how bad the wound
A machine that allows emotions and all other sensations to be recorded
by one person and that can be played back and experienced by a second
party. There are several tapes including: water slide, carnal relations,
surfing, and heart attack
Shakespeare's lost play. It is titled THE TRAGORICAL HISTORY OF KING
ARTHUR
The Tarnhelm
A plain gold ring. Unknown script appears on the inside when the ring is
heated suffiently. Properties recorded include, but are not limited to:
Invisibility of wearer, extreme age-retardation of bearer, and a
profoundly increased degree of powerlust in the wearer. The bearer also
becomes extremely reluctant to surrender the ring
A rope that cannot be broken with traces of wolf hair found on it
A primitive yet working subspace radio. It is composed of a record
player, a sawblade with holes punched in it, a fork, aluminum foil, an
umbrella, and a Texas Instrument See and Spell. The characters it
transmits have yet to be deciphered. It was found on a small hill
Reeses Pieces with extraterrestrial bacteria on them. Found on same hill
as the subspace radio
A large stone tablet, reconstructed from pieces, with writing on it. It
is Hebrew and has Commandments 11 through 17
Definitive proof that the Illuminati exist and their plans to control the
world. It is sealed in a safe with an eye superimposed on a pyramid
Papers showing that professional wrestling is real
Documentation revealing that in exchange for scientific advances, the
government provides UFO's with human beings for unknown reasons
Evidence suggesting that officials took bribes from concerned Arab oil
men to sabotage cold fusion experiments
One cyanide laden apple with a bite taken out of it
One glass slipper
Several beans with amazing growth potential
One red riding hood, slightly bloody
90 yards of golden blonde hair
A house made out of stale candy
Evidence showing that the reason JFK didn't support the Bay of Pigs
Invasion was that the Illuminati threatened to expose several scandals
if he did
A stuffed Ravenous BugBlatter Beast of Traal
Confirmed photo of Adolf Hitler living high on the hog in Argentina
Confirmed photo of Adolf Hitler breaking a glass with his foot in his
marraige ceremony to Eva Braun
Several volumes with the title WHAT THE SHADOW KNOWS
Proof that President Bush chose Quayle as his running mate to prevent
future assassination attempts
Equipment recovered from the laboratory of Dr. Frankenstein
Papers showing that the Mafia was created by the government in order
to keep the citizenry in line
A formula by one Dr. Griffin
Information that says that the Illuminati sabotaged the Iran hostage
rescue mission so that they could put a puppet president in office.
They succeeded with flying colors
A map to the Fountain of Youth and its guard, Ponce de Leon
Methusela
A blackboard with equations that prove that time *is* money
Confirmation of a tenth planet and an advanced civilisation living there
Papers showing that the government was created by the Mafia in order
to keep the citizenry in line
Records of the contents of Hangar 33 (and evidence that Hangar 18 was
invented as government misinformation)
A gaunlet with six gems that provide the wearer with near-omnipotence
Proof that Milli Vanilli *did* sing their album
A heave metal box, 75cm on a side, painted in military green. Each side
has the words, "This side towards enemy" printed on it.
(Nuclear claymore mine)
And don't forget a Chevy Malibu, with an unidentifiable (but definitely
not human) corpse in the trunk, and with black-and-whice cans labelled
simply "BEER" and "FOOD" in the back seat
All of Dan Quayle's clones (they decided one DQ was bad enough!)
Robbie the Robot
The Transience Disk
The Aeolanthe & Naeolanthe
One ENIAC
One Tesla Radio Power distribution system
John Galt
The top 10 vaporware products of all time
Laputa
A Liliputan
The squadren of jet powered Spruce Geese
Lassie
The pen used to sign the Hitler-Stalin pact
What's left of the apple that fell on Newton's head
The reliable version of the space shuttle (threatened job security)
Amelia Earhart's flight jacket
Nazi flying saucers
Jetpack, a la "The Rocketeer"
Chips of some unknown alloy collected during Apollo missions
Big black slab collected by the Leakeys in Olduvai Gorge
(and a femur found in orbit)
Jimmy Hoffa
A Cloudbuster (a rainmaking machine built by Wilhelm Reich - see
the Kate Bush video "Cloudbusting")
An N-ray detector
A dinosaur egg. Fresh. In a crate marked "Africa."
A chunk of steel, of an unusual alloy, that bears the label
"Tunguska 190?" (Slightly radioactive)
A box full of scrolls - written in Aramaic. Box says "Gnostic II."
Ronald Reagan Mark I and the animatronics to make him work
Bill Gates' Porsche 959
A notebook belonging to Fermat, containing the answer to that damn
"Last Theorem," and notes about a much more interesting conjecture
A freezer holding the body of Walt Disney
The Necronomicon
The Terminator's arm
Beethoven's Eleventh Symphony
A phone booth with an odd antenna on top, and a San Dimas, CA number
A blue British police call box
A tight-fitting blue costume with a big red "S" on the chest
The backup tape archives from the "Terminator 2" lab
The Infinite Improbability Generator
The 1992 Democratic Presidential Candidate
HAL 9000's Failed Turing Test (He got a 57%!)
The monolith on the moon
The monolith by Jupiter
HAL 9000
A Darkness Device
Da Shoes!
A copy of Bunnies & Burrows
Gary Gygax
A minute black hole--made of a "knot singularity"
The Body of Valentine Michael Smith
The center of a tootsie roll pop
The Great Virus of '29
The Heart of Gold
The Tree of Life
The seed to the Tree of Knowledge
The "dean drive" which "converts angular momentum into linear momentum."
Two and a half tons of Nazi gold recovered from a Swiss mine shaft in
1945
Some plants from the Brazilian rain forest that can cure just about
anything
The "magic gun" that fired the "magic bullet" that killed JFK
Part of a Soviet Sub recovered by Howard Hughes' Glomar Explorer back
in 1971
A Typhoon-class submarine with Caterpillar Drive
A little silver ball from Starman
A searchlight with the sillouette of a bat on it
A book entitled "To Serve Man"
A three-eyed fish named Blinky
JFK's Brain
The gold from the lost Dutchman mine
The Marylin Monroe Diaries
The Holy Grail
The "sets and costumes" that were used to film the Apollo Moon Landing
The Rhinegold
The FBI and CIA files detailing the Career of "Special Agent Elvis"
A mountain of letters addressed to Santa Claus
A crate marked "The Alamo" with 19th century weapons, uniforms, and
one coon skin cap
All of the drugs ever seized in DEA raids
A bottle with a tag, "Drink Me"
One kite, string, and key that are scourched
In a corner a Zoltar Fortune Telling Machine
A strange looking submarmine named Natulis
A row of robots, one marked Gort and another marked Robbie
200 year old crate (damaged) of tea marked "Boston"
Joseph Raymond McCarthy in cryogenic suspension.
(Due to be woken 2000 AD)
Contents of a television studio once based in a desert.
Props include Mars landscape sections and lifesized fibreglass spaceships
Ted Kennedy's driver license
Yoko Ono's talent
Diogene's Zippo
The Lincoln Savings and Loan cash reserves
A portrait, in GIF format, showing Helen of Troy was a real dog
Micheal Jackson's original nose
A petrified turd, left by one of the mounts of the Four Horsemen
Indisputable proof that Oswald acted alone
All the people who have ever voted in a Chicago election while dead
(required an annex)
The original blueprints for building the Great Pyramid of Egypt
A telephone book for the Planet Mars
The original magnifying glass used by Sherlock Holmes
A bottle of smoke from the Chicago Fire
A crate containing a machine, labeled "Owner - Danny Dunn"
Oliver North's diary
A brain laleled "Ronald Reagan"
Ten crates of clothes labeled "Liberace"
25 crates of confederate money
2500 crates of two dollar bills
Several rows of crates marked, "K-2"
A large vat of goo, labeled "Keep away from turtles!"
The real contents of Al Capone's Vault
The solution to the halting problem
The "Missing" volumes of the Art of Computer Programming
A bottle of the "andromedia strain" Virus
Several Bigfoot(s)
The bones of the Loch Ness Monster
A crate of seed pods from "Invasion of the Body Snatchers"
All the AV recording made of the Mothership from "Close Encounters
of the Third Kind"
Snake Plisken's death certificate
The cursed ship, The Flying Dutchman
The missing pages from the logbook of the abandoned Marie Celeste
Adolf Hitler's body... intact
The Blob... in a large freezer of course
Gary Seven's voice-operated typewriter
Spock's vacuum tube computer made in the 1930's, found in flophouse
All the books which were checked out when the Library at Alexandria burned
Undeniable authentication documents for the Shroud of Turin
A map showing where the Time Tunnel desert base's drive-in door is located
The original plans for Colossus (the Forbin project)
Used hypodermic needle; once injected a miniaturized submarine into a neck
Copy of hostage-withholding agreement between Bush and the Ayatollah
Saucer pieces, mostly melted from magnesium flares, found in (Ant)artic
The stiff little finger from the hand of an Invader
NASA office note about refusing collect call from a Will Robinson
Hollow krypton meteorite, found in Smallville, USA. Cradle inside
Three "telepods", non-working, along with a grotesque fly/human/metal body
Spy satellite photos, detailing the location of Noah's Ark
A working orgone energy machine (see theories of Nicola Tesla
for more details)
A real, live unicorn
A working anti-gravity device (perhaps a sample of Cavorite?)
Complete maps and journals of the expedition PROVING the Hollow
Earth theory
What REALLY happened on the Hindenberg
Two strange electronic devices, found with a set of identifcation for
"Commander Pavel Chekov, Starfleet."
A set of photographs of a tall (6'3"), muscular man wearing sunglasses.
Some appear to have been taken at a police station, the rest at a mall
A pair of yellow shoes with thick hollow glass soles. One sole is intact
and contains three goldfish skeletons
Pieces excavated from a stone building of Greek or early Roman design.
Found in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean
The corpse of a grotesque, bipedal, fish-like being. Roughly 7' tall,
the creature wears chitinous armor. In the crate with it are a strange
looking spear, net, gun on its shoulder, blade on one wrist, and an
electronic thingee on its other wrist
Many crates of bizarre super-tech weapons, all marked with swastikas
A crate full of papers, computer disks, and models of a modified
DeLorean sports car. Among the papers is a photograph of two men
standing by a clock, dating back to 1888
A female android, dressed in a pink gown, with her left arm torn out of
place. She looks remarkably like Olivia d'Abo
Several hundred issues of "Playboy" confiscated from American servicemen
in the Persian Gulf
A green meteorite attatched to a chain, found in a sewer by the
Metropolis department of Public Works
Two CDs, one marked "Elvis" and the other marked "Bruce." These are kept
with two identically-marked reels of tape and a strange machine
Plans and a prototype of a reactionless engine. The notes say it puts
out no exhaust mass, only heat and light
A circular shield, about 3' in diameter, with concentric red and white
rings and a star in the center on a blue field
A black sword, with red runes on it, unearthed in western Canada with a
petrified human skeleton. The sword is dated as being older than the
earth where it was found. Researchers tested the sword to find out what
it was made of, but it defied their efforts. Everyone who touched the
sword died
Hundreds of boxes of very very old, crumbling books found in Egypt.
Inside the front cover of each one is a pocket containing a little card
with heiroglyphs on it. All but the last set on each card are crossed
out
A gold medallion with raised markings on each side, and an off-center
hole holding a red crystal
A glowing green crystal, about 10 inches long and 2.5 inches wide with
angled ends, discovered near the North Pole
An illuminated manuscript much like a Bible, along with a rabbit's
corpse and many pieces of shrapnel
A large emerald in the shape of a heart, confiscated from a fence in new
York City
About 60,000 tapes and CDs by the 2 Live Crew
Hundreds of issues of a comic shop newsletter bearing the headline,
"DeFalco and Macchio found in adult movie house."
Captain Hook's hand
A listing of pi which gets to a long stretch of ones and then ends
Stacks of mismatched contact lenses
Thousands of car keys
A chemical formula for the cure for the common cold
Formula 7x
The recipie for Macdonald's secret sauce
KFC's 11 secret herbs and spices
1000 mint-condition WWII army Jeeps, to be sold for $50 each
The hover-skateboard from BTTF2
A slightly less than infinite number of wallets (no money in them though)
A slightly malleable bit of metal (the world famous Philosopher's Stone)
The failed prototype from the Aurora project (yet another "stealth" plane)
The remains of a rather strange-looking humanoid... (the "missing link")
proof that the president knew the strength of the atomic bomb, and
dropped it to prove a point to the soviets
Proof that religion WAS created to control the people
Proof that communism and socialism WOULD work
A complete transcription and dates and times for all of Nosatradamus's
prophecies!
A box containing proof that Salem really did have witches
The REAL McCarthy list, before the politicain's saw it
The recording of Nixon saying "I'm not a crook"
Proof that Daylight savings, and flouridation really ARE communist plotS
The missing part of Kennedy's head
The true identity of the kidnaper of the Lindbergh baby
Amelia Earhart
Six copies of the Mona Lisa, all authentic, except for the words
"This is a fake" written on the back in felt-tip pen.
A seventh copy of the Mona Lisa, appearing to be authentic, which DOESN'T have
Had "This is a fake" written on the canvases in felt tip marker.
The complete list of every drink in the Universe whose name
is a version of 'Gin 'n Tonic'.
The formula for Coca-Cola
The missing 80 points of Dan Quayle's IQ
Every taxicab in the Metropolitan New York area (only while it's raining)
The Golden Fleece
A broadsword from roughly 1000 AD with a woman's hand still gripping the handle
A grafitti-free subway car
A hen's tooth
A calendar containing a month made up entirely of Sundays
The Ultimate Nullifier
The six lost episodes of Dr. Who (and you thought only one was lost...)
A pair of red ruby slippers
A pillar of salt in the shape of a woman
An extremely well-aged apple with two bites out of it
Universal Solvent (we think) (bring your own container) (hurry) (never mind...)
A letter from an Egyptian princess, saying she'd like to be reincarnated
as Shirley McLean
The suppressed Penthouse edition featuring Kylie Minogue
The REAL reason why the Challenger blew up
A spy satellite marked "Made in Taiwan"
A diary entry from the president of the Sierra Club saying he's going out
duck-shooting
A reciept for a rifle and ammo from Dallas Texas, to the account of L.B.
Johnson
A note from a member of the French Govt. saying they were sorry for the
Rainbow Warrior
A working cold fusion unit (perhaps one for the back of a car, that you
could feed garbage to)
The REAL crown jewels of Iran/Persia
The Maltese Falcon
An old treaty between Argentina and Britian giving the Falklands to one or
the other
An effective chemical male contraceptive
The Ultimate Question of Life, the Universe, and Everything
The lost notice to tell Arthur the bulldozers were coming
The message from the Vogons warning the Earth of the Hyperspace Bypass
The One Ring
The White Gold Ring
The Virus programmed against the Black Marble Wombat
The Wombat listing in VMS Help
"That Loving Feeling"
Plane tickets proving George Bush was in Paris in the fall of 1980
Recordings of a mysterious five-tone musical work, left over
from a certain project that took place at Devil's Rock
A slightly radioactive safe marked "S.S. Titanic"
Pay stubs with the words "Central Intelligence Agency" and "Lee Harvey
Oswald"
The autopsy records for JFK (sealed for 50 years!)
The totally innocuous file on MLKjr that
was sealed -- because it was totally innocuous!
The report given to FDR on the Japanese fleet steaming toward Hawaii
George Washington's membership card for the Masons
Birth certificates for several mulatto children, with the "Father"
space marked "Thomas Jefferson"
Autopsy records for President Zachary Taylor
Telegram from Andrew Johnson to John Wilkes Booth saying "Great opportunity
at Ford's Theater -- a definite Do-Not-Miss"
a prototype (or working model!) of Alpha Complex's
Computer
_Another_ government warehouse...
90% of the works of Nikola Tesla
Ship with bodies embedded in several inch-thick steel from
the "Philadelphia Experiment"
A Mac SE hard disk containing plans for "Transparent Aluminum"
Plans for the "Wildfire" research station
Set of printer plates for the Lyons UNIX book
Atlantis
Everything ever lost in the Bermuda Triangle
A sample of scrith
A disc (ring) with a ratio of circumference to diameter equal 3
Political ethics
The plan for a balanced US budget
Several letters signed "George Washington" and "Adam
Weisshaupt", and a memo signed by a grafologist claiming that both sets
were written by the same person.
The unicorn scene from "Blade Runner"
Laserdisc copies of all Hayao Miyazaki films -- UNCUT and in ENGLISH
Schubert's last symphony (complete)
A short mathematical proof that the travelling salesman problem can be
solved in polynomial time
An Elder God, dead
A pouch of sand, a red ruby on a chain, and a strange insect-like mask
The last 7 presidents and vice presidents, frozen -- including Bush & Quayle
Several Caroline clones (they work there)
a Kirelean photograph of Stonhenge -- showing auras on all the
stones, including the missing ones
A silver albatross
An old-fashioned green railroad-man's lantern, and a collection of green
rings of various shapes and sizes
The original manuscript for Bible II: The Son Strikes Back
Various and sundry archaeological relics from Mu, Lemuria, Atlantis,
Shangri-La, and Xanadu
A complete set of the Golden Age Suicide Squid comics
Two 16-inch Battleship Cannon shells (you know - like the ones on the Ne
Jersey) Filled with Quick-Death organism bomblets
the British copy of the North American Treaty
Several kilograms of Byzanium, along with a 1889 Colorado newspaper and the
body of a Red Army corporal
A wooden staff, with a claw holding a crystal on the end
The Starship Defiant
A large number of Swiss Army knives and rolls of Duct Tape. The knives all
have the letter M engraved on them
The financial records of Stemple's Mill, Seattle, Washington - signed
"Ishmael Marx"
A large number of Swords
A number of semi-transparent, amoeboid creatures, accompanied by semi-
neanderthalic humanoids
An F-15's gun-camera recording of a Dragon in flight
The leg-bones of Miles Vorkosigan
One Dozen Red Roses
Maps to caves in Ireland, where several spaceships (with markings in Gaelic)
are kept
Two thousand bottles of NyQuil
The coordinates of a rain-swept planet far out in the galaxy, inhabited by a
little old man who likes cats (even though he doesn't believe in them)
Aristotle's treatise on humor
The Freemasons' Ultimate Secret
King Arthur's perfectly preserved body
God's pair of dice
The sixth replicant
The Illudium Q-36 Explosive Space Modulator
A bubble-gum machine full of dehydrated Martians (just add water)
A helmet with a scrub brush attatched to the top and a pair of
tennis shoes with the name "M. Martian" on both
Map & instructions for recovering the treasure on Oak Island
The Method used to place the statues on Easter Island
The reason the statues were put there
The Beethoven manuscripts that disapeared at his death.
The first draft of Adam Weishaupt's inagural address
The allied plans for the bombing of Russian oil fields, early '41
The German nuke
The real recipie for the Pan-galactic gargle blaster
Cratefuls and cratefuls of containers remarkably similar to yogurt
and ice cream containers, labelled "The Stuff"
Two live plesiosaurs
Plane tickets from Munich, 1958,
stamped "Flight Cancelled".
All the missing ozone
Lenin's hair
The brain of a liberal, the heart of a conservative
A magnetic monopole
A huge ax and an even bigger stuffed blue ox
A photograph of a very large gold menorah (pictured on the Arch of
titus in Rome) with report detailing the contents of the
Vatican warehouse
An archive containing every issue to date of the WEEKLY WORLD NEWS, with
marginal notations like, "Hoo boy, we *really* fooled this one!"
and "He's getting too close; exchange him."
A large tank containing some sort of preservative solution and several
slightly radioactive corpses in various states of decay, all
of which seem to twitch or move slightly now and then
Edison's final invention: The Necrophone, a device enabling one to speak
with the dead
A handwritten proof, repudiating all claims of truth to the notion of
relativity, signed by Einstein
A book containing the contents of the Soviet's Warehouse, with _infinitely_
more interesting stuff
A text about flouridation and its true effects on the mind
An engine that runs on the passage of _time_ (a Soviet physicist, whose name
escapes me, has crunched the numbers on this one!)
A text written in ancient Hebrew that begins, In the Beginning, but has all
the words for god feminine in gender
A dummy terminal connecting to nothing in particular, with a prompt.
When any name is typed in, the COMPLETE history of the subject is displayed,
including what he is doing at this moment, with constant updating
The CIA's report on Psychotronic Weaponry, with the Soviet's explaination
to what happened to Nixon and Carter, as well athe death of Brezhnev,
Andropov, Chernenko, and the meteoric rise to power of one Mikhail
Gorbachev, who happened to be head of the KGB when the research was being
done
One human skeleton, found in casket, with a wooden stake inserted into the
ribcage
Remains of a sophisticated WWII Japanese fighter, codenamed Kamikaze,
with humanoid figures crushed in the machinery, that must have disabled it
A strange machine, incorporating a glass cylinder with a weird gel flowing
within it, and sealed with a lock that can only be opened from within.
Found in the basement of a church in Detroit
The bodies of the victims of Crest test #57
Directions to Midian
Definitive proof of the Carter thesis that states that petroleum, rather
than being a diminishing resource, is constantly replenished naturally
by the earth
Documentation about the CIA's project into creating the first strain
of recombinant DNA, with a formula very similar to that of Human Immuno-
deficiency Virus
Joseph Smith's golden tablets, containing the Book of Mormon
The missing 23 minutes of Nixon's tape recordings
Parcelsus' notebooks (that were supposedly buried with him, but weren't there
when his tomb was opened, later---for that matter, how about his body?)
The Marquis de Saint Germaine
Documentation and photos from all the cases of Spontaneous Human Combustion
The mummy from the sarcophagus in the Great Pyramid
A couple of those computer chips they've supposedly found embedded in the
arms of Egyptian mummies
All that runic graffiti saying things like "Sven Redbeard was here" from the
upper Mississippi
A parrot-headed umbrella
A giant Lincoln's head penny
A table-top fortune-telling machine
A curiously heavy black statue of a falcon, with several chips
carved out of it
A sled with the brandname of "Rosebud"
The "Greatest American Hero" suit (with instructions)
Rudy Wells' lab notes
Several hypodermic needles,
labelled "Lot Six"
Several spare self-destructing tape recorders
Hymie
A shoe-phone
A birth certificate with MacGyver's FIRST name!
Several large hairy bipeds, a small pyramid of silver spheres,
and a stack of video recordings showing the bipeds attacking
a tibettan monestary in Wales
A diary purporting to show the location of the Holy Grail, labelled
"property of Prof. H. Jones"
Reports, wreckage, and photos from the Starkweather-Moore expedition
to Antartica. Contains the bodies of what look like 5-symmetric
animals with fan-shaped wings and lots of tentacles. Also contains
what looks like a frozen block of blackish protoplasm marked "Do not
defrost under ANY circumstances"
Photo showing the "Illuminated Five" (Nikola Tesla, Howard Hughes,
Adam Weishaupt, H.P. Lovecraft, and Nostradamus) having a beer bash
at the Eye In The Pyramid pub in Ingolstadt
The Overthruster and Buckaroo Banzai's jet car. Also a strange
looking record that when played displays a rather rastafarian-looking
alien
Proof that Orson Wells' War of the Worlds broadcast was no joke
The *complete* manuscript of Coleridge's Kubla Khan
Everything dropped by aliens that Eric Von Daniken claims to have seen (which
is usually guarded by "wild tribesmen" or drug runners, etc.)
One of those movie revolvers that fires twelve or fifteen shots, or at least
never needs reloading
The Phantom Tollbooth
Carrie White
The plastic bottle that was taken to the Roman/Chinese emperor, which caused
the inventor to be executed, to keep the glassblowers in business
Kentucky fried rats
Einstein's unified field theory
Hitler's REAL diaries ("hot date with Eva tonight---va-va-voom!")
The missing chapters of Nostradamus, especially those dealing with the End
of Civilization as We Know It (suppressed because the world is not
prepared)
The sequel to Gone With the Wind that Margaret Mitchell supposedly burned,
after finding she didn't like "all the trouble *this* book has brought me."
The lightbulbs they used for illumination, in painting Egyptian tombs
The map to King Soloman's mines
The Viking longship that was discovered in California's Imperial Valley,
sometime around 1910
A stuffed Pterodactyl, shot in Africa, earlier in this century
Millions of Pet Rocks (everybody bought one, nobody has one now,
they have to be SOMEWHERE!)
The official U.S. Navy map showing the location of Gilligan's Island
Hundreds of millions of dirty socks, each tagged with the time, date
and location of the laundry in which they disappeared
Bill Watterston
Various bits of a 1958 Plymouth Fury (red)
A Tanu skeleton (stored with a variety of high-tech weapons and
devices found with it buried on the bottom of the Mediterrenan
Sea, dated at approximately 6 million years old)
A dodo bird
A disk pack containing the personnel database for Yoyodyne Propulsion
Systems, listing lots of people named John who all applied for social
security numbers on November 1, 1938 in Grover's Mill, NJ
Boxes of proposal, progress report, and design review documents for
Yoyodyne's work on contract # DOD 84-C112001, plus a copy of "Commerce
Business Daily" containing the original RFP for the Truncheon Bomber
The Great American Novel. Actually, one Great American Novel from the
1960's, another from the '50's, another from the '20's. Probably a
couple more without established dates
Documents suggesting that "NSA" really meant "No Such Agency," the code
name of an elaborate cover for yet another internal security service --
as yet unknown
UNIX; a nearly-mythical, small, simple, fully-functional multiuser
operating system (mentioned in some theoretical papers by Ritchie and
Thompson, c. 1978). Possibly found squished in the very bottom left
back corner of one of several huge crates labelled "BSD," "SYS5," etc
News software that does something approximately near what one might
actually want
A book with the title:
THE TRUTH
One page, one word.
Doesn't matter what language you read, or if you read at all.
One glance at it and you will know the truth.
of course, when somebody learns the truth his head explodes
Real live (frozen or otherwise) Jackalopes, Hidebehinds, and other such
beasties
An atom with the atomic number of 104
A coke can with the old style pull tabs
Several cases of the original coke (the ones with cocaine)
The location of Car 54
The Golem of Prague
Frankenstein's Monster
A set of papers referring to the Iran - Contra Affair
The primary mirror we were originally going to use on Hubble
A passenger pigeon (became extinct in the late 19th century)
The Gordian knot. Beside it, a much simpler knot, cut in two
Docmuments from the 1960's describing Isaac Asimov's process to "grow" a
positronic brain, using a revolutionary crystal-growing process amazingly
similar to biological cell reproduction
A complete log of everything ever posted to the Internet. Cross-referenced
by subversive nature. All Email, too, of course
The crashed UFO from White Sands, 1947
A statement stating that Iran-Contra was "all my idea", signed Ronald Reagan
George Bush's travelogue from October, 1980
Professor Azland's time bubble
A spaceship powered entirely by steam
Phone number for the Earth Defense League
Crashed and destroyed Yeti, Ogron, and Dalek spacecraft
Construction plans for the top-secret lab in Quantum Leap
Videotape footage of the Loch Ness Monster. And Bigfoot
A perfect glass bowl, with the words "So Long, and Thanks..." engraved on it,
containing some water and a sad-looking yellow fish
A battered and aged working copy of the Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy
CIA pay stubs, made out in the name of Mikhail Gorbachev
A complete set of Majestic Twelve (aka MJ-12 aka MAJIC) documents, marked
"Exempt: not to be declassified Top Secret Burn before reading"
A stack of memos to Joe Malik (regarding the Illuminati)
A cat. No one can tell whether it is alive or dead
A gigantic submarine made of gold. Leif Erikson is written on the side
A sacred cow
The collected writings of Kilgore Trout
The only writings to appear by him are excerpts and brief quotes in several
Kurt Vonnegut stories, except for the novel "Venus on the Half Shell"
And, of course, the warehouse would need to have, as a relief from all
the clutter, a vial containing a perfect vacuum
In a dark corner of the warehouse, a cage containing a furry creature,
about 10 inches tall, with huge eyes and ears. It has a tendency to
sing once in awhile. A sign hangs in front of the cage saying;
Do NOT place in bright light!
NEVER get it wet!
And DO NOT feed after midnight!!!
A small glass vile that seems to contain plain water. The label reads;
"property of R. Reagan, from fountain of youth, FL"
This list
(BRITISH WING)
All the gadgets designed by Q, including the ones James Bond didn't use
All the gadgets designed by q (Q's little brother), such as a vacuum
cleaner which, when carefully dismantled and cunningly reassembled,
becomes a hair dryer
The alien spacecraft from "Quatermass and the Pit"
H. G. Wells' time machine
Complete inventory of the U. S. Government warehouse
The first telephone, invented by Percy forbes-Hamilton. It wasn't much
use until Alexander Graham Bell invented the second one
A map showing the exact location of Thunderbirds' Island H.Q.
A copy of a blackmail note addressed to Pons and Fleischmann, sent by the
head of B.P.
Plans for converting the Scott Monument into a rocket capable of travelling
to Mars and back
The date and time of the revolution
Geoffrey Boycott's missing test years
The real Jules Verne trophy
The location of the *first* tunnel under the Channel (built back in
Napoleon's time)
The Difference Engine
Videotape of a secret Special Air Service raid on a U.F.O., shot by
a Commander Straker
The diary of one "S. Holmes, Consulting Detective."
A similar (but often contradictory) diary by a Dr. Watson
Several infernal devices created by a Dr. Manchu, in crates shipped
in from Hong Kong
A bottle holding a bacterial culture labeled "Mutant 59."
The manuscripts of all those unwritten Sherlock
Holmes adventures, such as the Adventure of the Aluminium Crutch, and The
Giant Rat of Sumatra, that Watson kept tempting us with!
A "Norwegian Blue" parrot nailed to a perch in a birdcage
A device, similar to a laptop computer, wrapped in a dirty towel,
with the words "Don't panic" written in friendly letters
A Babel fish
Miscellaneous documents labeled "Project Tic-Toc"
A bottle of pills marked "S. Beamish"
A rubber mask that looks just like David MacCallum
A manuscript, written in some druidic script, giving
operating instructions for Stonehenge
An electronic thumb
A number of typewritten manuscripts bearing titles such
as "Hamlet", "Macbeth" and "George", with the author
given as A. Simian
Documents detailing payments made to an advertising agency
to manufacture a front man to sell the above manuscripts
A device for flattening areas of corn
The mumified remains of the original M. Thatcher
Mark Thatcher's road map
A copy of "The Nice and accurate prophecies of Agnes Nutter: Witch"
A sonic screwdriver (nonfunctional, with a note explaining that it was found in
London, AD 1666)
An Eyes-Only Scottland Yard File re: a serious of prostitute murders
in London in the 1890's
A file cabinet, formerly belongong to one Brigadier Arthur Gordon
Lethbridge-Stewart, containing detailed documents of encounters with
assorted aliens and creatures on the British Isles, all stamped with the
words "TOP SECRET:UNIT"
Blueprints for a "Time Machine", with the initials "H.G.W." signed at
the bottom
A bag of old jelly-babies
The school transcripts and transfer forms of one Vislor Turlough, which
gives his home address as "Trion"; and similar, older documents for a
girl named Susan whose grandfather claimed on her records that she'd
attended "West Gallifrey Junior High."
A letter from Downing Street to Argentina, promising
someone a large sum of money to make and fail in an attempt to
capture some unspecified islands
A glass onion
A pair of shoes with a tag saying, "Found near Abbey Road"
A set of human ribs, one is missing
A stuffed hound with a tag saying "Baskervilles"
Three pegs with various sized discs on them. A monk is slowly
moving one disc at a time
Diagrams for a semi-functionnal mind control device,
and (pessimistic) progress reports for control of subject
"John M."
Details of the massive conspiracy which seems to have resulted
in most of the British secrets ending up in the US warehouse
The names and scorecards of all the international teams competing
in the "World Series"
The formula for the Top Secret language encrypting system developed
by the CIA, which was used to call a game in which something
which isn't a ball is hardly ever kicked called "Football"
A black doctors bag containing a number of strange automatic devices
For performing various forms of surgery
A bottle of small yellow pills. The label warns you not to take a
pill if you are in a small two-man shuttle craft
A bloodstained apron embroydered with masonic regalia and three
feathers
Margret Thatcher's conscience
A report on an MI5 operation involving a poisoned apple, a known
homosexual and an infinite tape
A geologist's report on the repeated earthquakes in a small region of
Monmouthshire, seemingly associated with the ruins of a number of
fallen towers
Some very old burned cakes
John Major's personality
The phone number of International Rescue
Prince Edward's A Level exam papers
The incorporation papers of a company called "Univsrsal Export"
A biochemical report proving that one should put the milk in first
Neil Kinnock's ideals
Satelite photographs showing that the General Galtiari was, in fact,
somewhere in the Indian Ocean when sunk
A report on the spontanious self-disassembly of an early experimental
British nuclear weapon as it was being transported through inner
London, and why no one noticed
A gene analysis on the reamins of Winston Churchil, showing that he
was, in fact, a chicken
A map and latitude-longitude coordinates showing the exact location of
the Village
Schematics for the use of weather balloons as anti-personel devices
Papers showing who built the Village, who runs it, and who Number 1 is
The reason why Number 6 resigned
A door, above which is the brightly lit word "EXIT", and
which bears a small plate upon which is written "101"
Nigel Lawson's calculator
A parchment letter from James I to a group of biblical scholars
starting with the words "Thou Creeps"
A large leathery egg found on the shores of a Scottish loch
Authur Skargil's Tory party membership
A marrow bone and a poker
Contract between the MoD and BAE to develop an aircraft capable of
tracking traffic on the M1 and the plans for the developed system,
code named "Babel"
MI6's report on machinery of unearthly origin found on an unnamed ship
lifted out of Aukland harbour
A rain making machine confiscated from the MCC
A letter from the Secratary of State for Defence to the commanders of
all British submarines pointing out that, contrary to earlier orders,
issued due to a previous minister having his hair shampooed and set
while typing, it is _Soviet_ trawlers that pose a thright to British
security and not, as stated, _Scottish_ ones
The final page of the Communist Manefesto containing the punch line,
found inside a volume in the British library where it had seemingly
been dropped in the haste of getting the book to the publisher
The original plans for the analytical engine clearly labeled as
"Automatic bacon slicer and piano key carving machine"
The launch control system for the Scott monument
The formula for the additive inserted into Welsh water supplies 25
years ago to induce small mutations into unborn children which makes
the retina and optic lobes much less sensitive to fast moving ovoid
objects
The minutes of the final session of the Scotish parliament wherein the
members decided to take the money and run before the Irish made good
on their promise to sue for royalties on Whiskey
A transit label found miraculously preserved on the underside of one
of the fallen stones at stonehenge bearing the name "M A trnspt ltd,
by apointment, intrnl. removals"
A shard of crystal found wedged in a crevice on Rockall
The complete transcript of Joan of Ark's trial
The recipe for British Rail sausage rolls, confiscated for national
security reasons
A working Advanced Passenger Train
The Great Rat of Sumatra
(VATICAN WING)
Roger Bacon's robot, or the plans for it, or both
Pliny's "History of Rome" and the missing parts of the "Mary Magdalin Gospel"
A suppressed letter from St. Paul apologizing to the female members
of the church at Corinth
A complete transscript of Gallieo's trial (including the non-public parts)
The Fatima Prophesies (One look at those, and the Pope in office at
the time locked himself up for three days)
Obviously a copy of the Necronomicon (Know thine enemies!)
STORED TOGETHER:
(V) The nails used to crucify Jesus
(V) The Crown of Thorns
(V) Veronica's Veil
(Strangely, each of these have been found containing trace quantities of
blood. When the blood was scanned for DNA, none was found...)
A bunch of fish and bread, still remarkably fresh
Lazarus, in a cage
A paystub to one Mr. Salmon Rushdie, commenting, "Job Well Done."
A paystub to Lee Harvey Oswald, commenting "Job Well Done."
The bill for the Last Supper
The bill for the Last Brunch
At least a couple of demons, imprisoned
A big ol' hourglass that _cannot_ be turned over, slowly running out
A very large key, inset with pearls, inscribed (in Aramaic) "To Peter,
Sorry, you can't take it with you."
A dartboard, with most of the space being taken up with signs for Italy,
but a few bearing names like France, Spain, Ireland, and a _very_ small
one for the USA. Oh, yeaH, there's a dart in it now, pierced through Poland
Copies of all the books put on the "Banned" lists (Know Thine Enemies!)
An ancient map, dated AD 476 that points to the major locations where all
the books were taken (Damn the *^$#$ Dark Ages!)
A strange account of a man who appeared before the Inquisition saying, "No,
wait, you've got it _all_ wrong... This is _nothing_ like I intended!"
The report goes on to show that the man was summarily tortured for Heresy,
and when he did not repent, was killed. Strangely, though, it also comments
that the body of the heretic disappeared soon after
An ancient tome, dating to AD 30, written in a bastardization of Arabic,
Aramaic, Greek, and Latin, proposing complex differential equations, and
signed QED, JC. (Prince of Darkness)
Complete records on all major exorcisms, visitations, and miracles
One part of a strange machine built by Da Vinci, which used solar energy to
remarkable ends
Tons of Stuff by Raphael, Leonardo Da Vinci, Michaelangelo, and Donatello,
along with a few others, deemed "inappropriate" for the general populace,
but which looked spiffy on the Pope's bedroom wall
A bottle of water that says "Taken from top of Everest...Remember!"
A pile of ash composed primarily of brimstone, with a card: "remember"
A pillar of salt, "I told you NOT to look back!"
Various bottles containing insects, frogs, lice, etc., and the last labelled,
"Azrael. Open in case of Emergency."
The char-broiled corpse of a non-levite, "Don't touch it."
A horn, reading, "DON'T BLOW!!!!"
A sling and several stones
Ark of the Covenant, with a note in Italian reading, "Switch made...replica
en route to USA."
Samples of the excellent 'shrooms that only grow on Patmos (as in St. John)
The Sybilline Books
The Lost Centuries of Nostradamus
The Grimoire of Pope Honorius
The Third Prophecy of Fatima
Adolph Hitler's baptismal certificate
(SOVIET WING)
The Firefox (or at least plans for it)
All the material on the Russian ESP "remote viewing" project (which, of
course, was stolen by our own remote viewers)
The bodies of the executed Romanoff royal family, including Anastasia
All the missing Old Masters paintings that the Nazis commandeered
Lenin's last orders
The UFO that crashed in Siberia in 1908
(JAPANESE WING)
The sword given to the first Emperor by the goddess Amaterasu
A copy of the telegram from Tojo to Roosevelt giving warning of the
Pearl Harbor attack
An oxygen destroyer
A suspended animaion unit containing a ten-year-old boy, labeled
"Akira"
Four suits of powered armor custom-fitted for women
Satellite photos of Area 88
The manuscript for a book entitled "The Japan That Can Say No"
(oops, that one leaked out already!)
The manuscript for the "really inflamatory" veersion of "The Japan
That Can Say No"
Godzilla
To Europe and the so-called Gas Chambers with eager
scientists from 'round the world, Fred Leuchter, and all
Revisionists beg. Questions answered NOW. The Sun could
steal the mist of mystery. IT COULD BE SO SIMPLE. Truth
denied; investigation denied. Every day the Zionist Giant
is taller, and each day has farther to fall (a certainty).
Victory is solidly ours, fellow Revisionists. Be patient
through the long wait; the cattle WILL find their way home.
Pete Faust
Institute For Relearning

The Ark of the Covenant is a great mystery. What was it and where did it go? Throughout history there have been many rumors and theories as to what happened to the Ark. The beginning of the story seems to be in the bible starting with Moses (although there are theories that it all started before that with other magic or sacred “Arks” originating in Egypt). It is explained that God told Moses to build the Ark of the Covenant and was very specific with the design. It is thought to be gold with angels on either side facing each other, like they are watching over the contents. There are dimensions and some specifics given in the biblical account and many paintings and images of what it would have looked like, but it is hard to know for sure.
It is believed by some that the Ark contains only the two stone tablets have the Ten Commandments engraved upon them. While others believe that it also contains Aaron’s rod and a jar of manna. How would that manna taste after all these years? Sometimes it has been said that there is an image of heaven in the Ark, what could that mean?
The Ark at Jericho
Allegedly, the Ark was so powerful that the priests carried it around the walls of Jericho seven times before blowing their horns and behold!, the walls came tumbling down. The special group of priests would carry it covered in special cloth and no one was allowed to look directly at the Ark. People were even smitten directly by God for touching it. There is no doubt that whatever this box of goodies contained, it was very powerful and God was not above opening a can of whoopity on whoever messed with it. Some have speculated that is was a nuclear or electronic weapon or electronic communication device way ahead of its time.
However, it was difficult for the Hebrews to maintain control of the Ark in these turbulent times and many cultures fought over the Ark. Unfortunately for the the Philistines, the Ark seemed to have brought a curse to the people of the Ashdod where they brought it after stealing it. There was a sudden infestation of rats and the people got boils all over their bodies. In light of this, they eventually returned it to its rightful owners. Upon receiving the Ark back, the Hebrews were said to have received many blessings from God.
Bring the Ark to Jerusalem
No one knows where the Ark of the Covenant really is today. There are many rumors as to where it might be; sometimes it is thought to be in Europe, sometimes in Africa, as well as a many other places. It is believed that certain secret societies have the Ark and are protecting it. While others believe that it was somehow lost or perhaps hidden. The top theories going are that it was hidden somewhere, buried beneath Jerusalem, that it is hidden in cave elsewhere in Israel, or that it was taken to Ethiopia by Queen Sheba and remains there protected in St. Mary Church in Axum.
St. Mary Church, Axum, Ethiopia
The search for the Ark of the Covenant has been made into movies and books. People today are still searching for it and hope to unravel the great historical mystery. Sometimes there are false claims that it has been found. But no one has ever had any non-refutable proof. It is the biblical stories and the stories of other religious texts that keep the story of the Ark of the Covenant alive. Is it too late for the Ark to be discovered now or is now just the right time?
Read more http://otherworldmystery.com/will-the-ar-of-the-covenant-ever-be-found
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